Android学习——蓝牙通讯

蓝牙
蓝牙，是一种支持设备短距离通信（一般10m内，且无阻隔媒介）的无线电技术。能在包括移动电话、PDA、无线耳机、笔记本电脑等众多设备之间进行无线信息交换。利用“蓝牙”技术，能够有效的简化移动通信终端设备之间的通信，也能够成功的简化设备与Internet之间的通信，这样数据传输变得更加迅速高效，为无线通信拓宽道路。

注意：Android 2.0 引入蓝牙接口，在开发时，需要真机测试，如果需要数据传输，还需要两台机器，另外蓝牙下哟硬件支持。

蓝牙设备操作
权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
打开蓝牙的方式有两种：

//第一种方法，打开蓝牙设备（提示对话框）
Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
startActivity(discoverableIntent);
//第二种方法，打开蓝牙，静默打开
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
bluetoothAdapter.enable();
搜索蓝牙设备

//开始扫描蓝牙设备
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter2=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
bluetoothAdapter2.startDiscovery();
关闭蓝牙设备

BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter1=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
bluetoothAdapter1.disable();
 
蓝牙通讯案例

MainActivity.java

package com.example.bluetooth;

import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import java.util.Set;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private Button open, close,button_scan,button_server,button_client;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
open = findViewById(R.id.open);
close = findViewById(R.id.close);
button_scan = findViewById(R.id.button_scan);
button_server = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_server);
button_client = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_client);
open.setOnClickListener(this);
close.setOnClickListener(this);
button_scan.setOnClickListener(this);
button_server.setOnClickListener(this);
button_client.setOnClickListener(this);

}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.open:
/*//第一种方法，打开蓝牙设备（提示对话框）
Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
//打开本机蓝牙发现功能
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
startActivity(discoverableIntent);*/

//第二种方法，打开蓝牙，静默打开
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
bluetoothAdapter.enable();
break;
case R.id.close:
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter1=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
bluetoothAdapter1.disable();
break;
case R.id.button_scan:
//开始扫描蓝牙设备
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter2=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
bluetoothAdapter2.startDiscovery();
Log.i("tag","开始扫描蓝牙设备");
Set<BluetoothDevice> set=bluetoothAdapter2.getBondedDevices();
for (BluetoothDevice bd:set){
Log.i("tag","name:"+bd.getName());
Log.i("tag","address:"+bd.getAddress());
}
break;
case R.id.button_server:
Intent intent = new Intent(this, ServerBluetoothActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
break;
case R.id.button_client:
Intent intent1 = new Intent(this, ClientBluetoothActivity.class);
startActivity(intent1);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
ServerBluetoothActivity.java

package com.example.bluetooth;

import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.UUID;

public class ServerBluetoothActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private static final int CONN_SUCCESS=0x1;
private static final int CONN_FAIL=0x2;
private static final int RECEIVER_INFO=0x3;
private static final int SET_EDITTEXT_NULL=0x4;
private static Button button_send;
private static TextView textView_content;
private static EditText editText_info;
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter=null;//本地蓝牙设备
BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket=null;//蓝牙设备Socket服务端
BluetoothSocket socket=null;//蓝牙设备Socket客户端

//输入输出流
PrintStream out;
BufferedReader in;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_server_bluetooth);
setTitle("蓝牙服务端");
textView_content= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView_content);
editText_info= (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText_info);
button_send= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_send);
init();
}

//创建蓝牙服务器端的Socket
private void init() {
textView_content.setText("服务器已启动，正在等待连接...\n");
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//1.得到本地设备
bluetoothAdapter=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
//2.创建蓝牙Socket服务器
try {
serverSocket=bluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord("text", UUID.fromString("00000000-2527-eef3-ffff-ffffe3160865"));
//3.阻塞等待Socket客户端请求
socket=serverSocket.accept();
if (socket!=null){
out=new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
}
handler.sendEmptyMessage(CONN_SUCCESS);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Message msg=handler.obtainMessage(CONN_FAIL,e.getLocalizedMessage());
handler.sendMessage(msg);
}
}
}).start();
}

//防止内存泄漏 正确的使用方法
private final MyHandler handler = new MyHandler(this);
public class MyHandler extends Handler {
//软引用
WeakReference<ServerBluetoothActivity> weakReference;

public MyHandler(ServerBluetoothActivity activity) {
weakReference=new WeakReference<ServerBluetoothActivity>(activity);
}

@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
ServerBluetoothActivity activity=weakReference.get();
if (activity!=null){
switch (msg.what){
case RECEIVER_INFO:
setInfo(msg.obj.toString()+"\n");
break;
case SET_EDITTEXT_NULL:
editText_info.setText("");
break;
case CONN_SUCCESS:
setInfo("连接成功！\n");
button_send.setEnabled(true);
new Thread(new ReceiverInfoThread()).start();
break;
case CONN_FAIL:
setInfo("连接失败！\n");
setInfo(msg.obj.toString() + "\n");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
private boolean isReceiver=true;

private class ReceiverInfoThread implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
String info=null;
while (isReceiver){
try {
info=in.readLine();
Message msg=handler.obtainMessage(RECEIVER_INFO,info);
handler.sendMessage(msg);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}

public void sendClick(View view){
final String content=editText_info.getText().toString();
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(content)){
Toast.makeText(this, "不能发送空消息", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
out.println(content);
out.flush();
handler.sendEmptyMessage(SET_EDITTEXT_NULL);
}
}).start();
}
private void setInfo(String info){
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
sb.append(textView_content.getText());
sb.append(info);
textView_content.setText(sb);
}
}
ClientBluetoothActivity.java

package com.example.bluetooth;

import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.UUID;

public class ClientBluetoothActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final int CONN_SUCCESS=0x1;
private static final int CONN_FAIL=0x2;
private static final int RECEIVER_INFO=0x3;
private static final int SET_EDITTEXT_NULL=0x4;
private static Button button_send;
private static TextView textView_content;
private static EditText editText_info;

BluetoothAdapter bluetooth=null;//本地蓝牙设备
BluetoothDevice device=null;//远程蓝牙设备
BluetoothSocket socket=null;//蓝牙设备Socket客户端

//输入输出流
PrintStream out;
BufferedReader in;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_client_bluetooth);

setTitle("蓝牙客户端");
textView_content= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView_content);
editText_info= (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText_info);
button_send= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_send);
init();
}

//创建蓝牙客户端端的Socket
private void init() {
textView_content.setText("客户端已启动，正在等待连接...\n");
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//1.得到本地蓝牙设备的默认适配器
bluetooth=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
//2.通过本地蓝牙设备得到远程蓝牙设备
device=bluetooth.getRemoteDevice("22:22:4E:6E:59:86");
//3.根据UUID创建并返回一个BoluetoothSocket
try {
socket=device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString("00000000-2527-eef3-ffff-ffffe3160865"));
if (socket!=null) {
// 连接
socket.connect();
//处理客户端输出流
out=new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
}
handler.sendEmptyMessage(CONN_SUCCESS);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Message msg=handler.obtainMessage(CONN_FAIL,e.getLocalizedMessage());
handler.sendMessage(msg);
}
}
}).start();
}
//防止内存泄漏 正确的使用方法
private final MyHandler handler = new MyHandler(this);
public class MyHandler extends Handler {
//软引用
WeakReference<ClientBluetoothActivity> weakReference;

public MyHandler(ClientBluetoothActivity activity) {
weakReference = new WeakReference<ClientBluetoothActivity>(activity);
}

@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
ClientBluetoothActivity activity = weakReference.get();
if (activity!=null){
switch (msg.what){
case RECEIVER_INFO:
setInfo(msg.obj.toString() + "\n");
break;
case SET_EDITTEXT_NULL:
editText_info.setText("");
break;
case CONN_SUCCESS:
setInfo("连接成功！\n");
button_send.setEnabled(true);
System.out.println("name"+device.getName());
System.out.println("Uuids"+device.getUuids());
System.out.println("Address"+device.getAddress());
new Thread(new ReceiverInfoThread()).start();
break;
case CONN_FAIL:
setInfo("连接失败！\n");
setInfo(msg.obj.toString() + "\n");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
private boolean isReceiver=true;
//接收信息的线程
class ReceiverInfoThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
String info=null;
while (isReceiver){
try {
Log.i("tag","--ReceiverInfoThread start --");
info=in.readLine();
Log.i("tag","--ReceiverInfoThread read --");
Message msg=handler.obtainMessage(RECEIVER_INFO,info);
handler.sendMessage(msg);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}

public void sendClick(View v){
final String content=editText_info.getText().toString();
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(content)){
Toast.makeText(this, "不能发送空消息", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
out.println(content);
out.flush();
handler.sendEmptyMessage(SET_EDITTEXT_NULL);
}
}).start();
}
private void setInfo(String info){
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
sb.append(textView_content.getText());
sb.append(info);
textView_content.setText(sb);
}

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