有用 .htaccess 使用方法大全
这里收集的是各种有用的 .htaccess 代码片段,你能想到的使用方法差点儿全在这里。
免责声明: 尽管将这些代码片段直接复制到你的 .htaccess 文件中,绝大多数情况下都是好用的,但也有极个别情况须要你改动某些地方才行。风险自负。
又一次和重定向
注意:首先须要server安装和启用mod_rewrite模块。
强制 www
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example\.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [L,R=301,NC]
强制 www通用方法
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTPS}s ^on(s)|
RewriteRule ^ http%1://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
这样的方法能够使用在不论什么站点中。 Source
强制 non-www
到底是WWW好,还是non-www好,没有定论,假设你喜欢不带www的,能够使用以下的脚本:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.example\.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://example.com/$1 [L,R=301]
强制 non-www通用方法
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.
RewriteCond %{HTTPS}s ^on(s)|off
RewriteCond http%1://%{HTTP_HOST} ^(https?://)(www\.)?(.+)$
RewriteRule ^ %1%3%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
强制 HTTPS
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !on
RewriteRule (.*) https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI}
# Note: It's also recommended to enable HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)
# on your HTTPS website to help prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.
# See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/HTTP_strict_transport_security
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains"
</IfModule>
强制 HTTPS 通过代理
假设你使用了代理,这样的方法对你非常实用。
RewriteCond %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-Proto} !https
RewriteRule (.*) https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI}
强制加入末尾斜杠
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /+[^\.]+$
RewriteRule ^(.+[^/])$ %{REQUEST_URI}/ [R=301,L]
取掉末尾斜杠
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ /$1 [R=301,L]
重定向到一个页面
Redirect 301 /oldpage.html http://www.example.com/newpage.html
Redirect 301 /oldpage2.html http://www.example.com/folder/
Source
文件夹别名
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^source-directory/(.*) target-directory/$1
脚本别名
FallbackResource /index.fcgi
This example has an index.fcgi file in some directory, and any requests within that directory that fail to resolve a filename/directory will be sent to the index.fcgi script. It’s good if you want baz.foo/some/cool/path to be handled by baz.foo/index.fcgi (which
also supports requests to baz.foo) while maintaining baz.foo/css/style.css and the like. Get access to the original path from the PATH_INFO environment variable, as exposed to your scripting environment.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^$ index.fcgi/ [QSA,L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.fcgi/$1 [QSA,L]
This is a less efficient version of the FallbackResource directive (because using mod_rewrite is more complex than just handling the FallbackResource directive), but it’s also more flexible.
重定向整个站点
Redirect 301 / http://newsite.com/
This way does it with links intact. That is www.oldsite.com/some/crazy/link.html will become www.newsite.com/some/crazy/link.html. This is extremely helpful when you are just “moving” a site to a new domain. Source
干净的URL
This snippet lets you use “clean” URLs — those without a PHP extension, e.g. example.com/users instead of example.com/users.php.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^([^.]+)$ $1.php [NC,L]
Source
Security
拒绝全部訪问
## Apache 2.2
Deny from all
## Apache 2.4
# Require all denied
But wait, this will lock you out from your content as well! Thus introducing…
拒绝全部訪问(排除部分)
## Apache 2.2
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
## Apache 2.4
# Require all denied
# Require ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is your IP. If you replace the last three digits with 0/12 for example, this will specify a range of IPs within the same network, thus saving you the trouble to list all allowed IPs separately. Source
Now of course there’s a reversed version:
屏蔽爬虫/恶意訪问
## Apache 2.2
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
Deny from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Deny from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxy
## Apache 2.4
# Require all granted
# Require not ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
# Require not ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxy
保护隐藏文件和文件夹
Hidden files and directories (those whose names start with a dot .) should most, if not all, of the time be secured. For example: .htaccess, .htpasswd, .git, .hg…
RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR]
RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f
RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F]
Alternatively, you can just raise a Not Found error, giving the attacker dude no clue:
RedirectMatch 404 /\..*$
保护备份文件和源码文件
These files may be left by some text/html editors (like Vi/Vim) and pose a great security danger if exposed to public.
<FilesMatch "(\.(bak|config|dist|fla|inc|ini|log|psd|sh|sql|swp)|~)$">
## Apache 2.2
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
Satisfy All
## Apache 2.4
# Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
Source
禁止文件夹浏览
Options All -Indexes
禁止图片盗链
RewriteEngine on
# Remove the following line if you want to block blank referrer too
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http(s)?://(.+\.)?
example.com [NC]
RewriteRule \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp)$ - [NC,F,L]
# If you want to display a "blocked" banner in place of the hotlinked image,
# replace the above rule with:
# RewriteRule \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp) http://example.com/blocked.png [R,L]
禁止图片盗链(指定域名)
Sometimes you want to 禁止图片盗链 from some bad guys only.
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^http(s)?://(.+\.)?badsite\.com [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^http(s)?
://(.+\.)?badsite2\.com [NC,OR]
RewriteRule \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif)$ - [NC,F,L]
# If you want to display a "blocked" banner in place of the hotlinked image,
# replace the above rule with:
# RewriteRule \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp) http://example.com/blocked.png [R,L]
password保护文件夹
First you need to create a .htpasswd file somewhere in the system:
htpasswd -c /home/fellowship/.htpasswd boromir
Then you can use it for authentication:
AuthType Basic
AuthName "One does not simply"
AuthUserFile /home/fellowship/.htpasswd
Require valid-user
password保护文件
AuthName "One still does not simply"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /home/fellowship/.htpasswd
<Files "one-ring.o">
Require valid-user
</Files>
<FilesMatch ^((one|two|three)-rings?\.o)$>
Require valid-user
</FilesMatch>
通过Referrer过滤訪客
This denies access for all users who are coming from (referred by) a specific domain.
Source
RewriteEngine on
# Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} somedomain\.com [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} anotherdomain\.com
RewriteRule .* - [F]
防止被别的网页嵌套
This prevents the website to be framed (i.e. put into an iframe tag), when still allows framing for a specific URI.
SetEnvIf Request_URI "/starry-night" allow_framing=true
Header set X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN env=!allow_framing
Performance
压缩文件
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
# 强制 compression for mangled headers.
# http://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping
<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding
RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
# Compress all output labeled with one of the following MIME-types
# (for Apache versions below 2.3.7, you don't need to enable `mod_filter`
# and can remove the `<IfModule mod_filter.c>` and `</IfModule>` lines
# as `AddOutputFilterByType` is still in the core directives).
<IfModule mod_filter.c>
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/atom+xml \
application/javascript \
application/json \
application/rss+xml \
application/vnd.ms-fontobject \
application/x-font-ttf \
application/x-web-app-manifest+json \
application/xhtml+xml \
application/xml \
font/opentype \
image/svg+xml \
image/x-icon \
text/css \
text/html \
text/plain \
text/x-component \
text/xml
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
Source
设置过期头信息
Expires headers tell the browser whether they should request a specific file from the server or just grab it from the cache. It is advisable to set static content’s expires headers to something far in the future.
If you don’t control versioning with filename-based cache busting, consider lowering the cache time for resources like CSS and JS to something like 1 week. Source
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
ExpiresActive on
ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 month"
# CSS
ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 year"
# Data interchange
ExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds"
ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds"
ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds"
# Favicon (cannot be renamed!)
ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 week"
# HTML components (HTCs)
ExpiresByType text/x-component "access plus 1 month"
# HTML
ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 0 seconds"
# JavaScript
ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 year"
# Manifest files
ExpiresByType application/x-web-app-manifest+json "access plus 0 seconds"
ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds"
# Media
ExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 month"
# Web feeds
ExpiresByType application/atom+xml "access plus 1 hour"
ExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour"
# Web fonts
ExpiresByType application/font-woff2 "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType application/font-woff "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 month"
</IfModule>
关闭eTags标志
By removing the ETag header, you disable caches and browsers from being able to validate files, so they are forced to rely on your Cache-Control and Expires header. Source
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
Header unset ETag
</IfModule>
FileETag None
Miscellaneous
设置PHP变量
php_value <key> <val>
# For example:
php_value upload_max_filesize 50M
php_value max_execution_time 240
Custom Error Pages
ErrorDocument 500 "Houston, we have a problem."
ErrorDocument 401 http://error.example.com/mordor.html
ErrorDocument 404 /errors/halflife3.html
强制下载
Sometimes you want to 强制 the browser to download some content instead of displaying it.
<Files *.md>
ForceType application/octet-stream
Header set Content-Disposition attachment
</Files>
Now there is a yang to this yin:
阻止下载
Sometimes you want to 强制 the browser to display some content instead of downloading it.
<FilesMatch "\.(tex|log|aux)$">
Header set Content-Type text/plain
</FilesMatch>
执行跨域字体引用
CDN-served webfonts might not work in Firefox or IE due to CORS. This snippet solves the problem.
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
<FilesMatch "\.(eot|otf|ttc|ttf|woff|woff2)$">
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>
Source
Auto UTF-8 Encode
Your text content should always be UTF-8 encoded, no?
# Use UTF-8 encoding for anything served text/plain or text/html
AddDefaultCharset utf-8
# 强制 UTF-8 for a number of file formats
AddCharset utf-8 .atom .css .js .json .rss .vtt .xml
Source
切换PHP版本号
If you’re on a shared host, chances are there are more than one version of PHP installed, and sometimes you want a specific version for your website. For example, Laravel requires PHP >= 5.4. The following snippet should switch the PHP version for you.
AddHandler application/x-httpd-php55 .php
# Alternatively, you can use AddType
AddType application/x-httpd-php55 .php
禁止IE兼容视图
Compatibility View in IE may affect how some websites are displayed. The following snippet should 强制 IE to use the Edge Rendering Engine and disable the Compatibility View.
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
BrowserMatch MSIE is-msie
Header set X-UA-Compatible IE=edge env=is-msie
</IfModule>
支持WebP图片格式
If WebP images are supported and an image with a .webp extension and the same name is found at the same place as the jpg/png image that is going to be served, then the WebP image is served instead.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} image/webp
RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/$1.webp -f
RewriteRule (.+)\.(jpe?
g|png)$ $1.webp [T=image/webp,E=accept:1]
转载网址:http://www.techug.com/htaccess-snippets
有用 .htaccess 使用方法大全的更多相关文章
- php文件上传大小限制的修改方法大全
php文件上传大小限制的修改方法大全 基本就是修改maxsize选项,当然为了提高上传文件的成功率,还需要设置超时时间等. 文章如下: [php文件上传]php文件上传大小限制修改,phpmyadmi ...
- 301重定向方法大全及SEO中网址规范化,看着不错先收下
301重定向方法大全及SEO中网址规范化 现在大多数网站都存在一些内容相同但网址(URL)不一样的重复内容,这些重复的内容对于搜索引擎来说却可能被认为是复制网页,复制网页虽然不会被惩罚但因多个网址存在 ...
- VC调试方法大全
VC调试方法大全 一.调试基础 调试快捷键 F5: 开始调试 Shift+F5: 停止调试 F10: 调试到下一句,这里是单步跟踪 F11: 调试到下一句,跟进函数内部 Shift+F11: ...
- [OC][转]UITableView属性及方法大全
Tip: UITableView属性及方法大全 (摘录地址) p.p1 { margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; line-height: 14.0px; font: 1 ...
- JS去掉首尾空格 简单方法大全(原生正则jquery)
JS去掉首尾空格 简单方法大全 var osfipin= ' http://www.cnblogs.com/osfipin/ '; //去除首尾空格 osfipin.replace(/(^\s*)|( ...
- js跳转页面方法大全
js跳转页面方法大全<span id="tiao">3</span><a href="javascript:countDown"& ...
- Java获取各种常用时间方法大全
Java获取各种常用时间方法大全 package cc.javaweb.test; Java中文网,Java获取各种时间大全 import java.text.DateFormat; import j ...
- Underscore.js 常用类型判断以及一些有用的工具方法
1. 常用类型判断以及一些有用的工具方法 underscore.js 中一些 JavaScript 常用类型检查方法,以及一些工具类的判断方法. 首先我们先来谈一谈数组类型的判断.先贴出我自己封装好的 ...
- [Java]读取文件方法大全(转)
[Java]读取文件方法大全 1.按字节读取文件内容2.按字符读取文件内容3.按行读取文件内容 4.随机读取文件内容 public class ReadFromFile { /** ...
随机推荐
- C语言学习(1)-环境配置
写在前面的话,该文章是看杨老师的一套视频,所做的一些笔记,边看边写,再此谢谢杨老师. 1.学习C之前需要避免的误区 误区一:C++是C的升级版:C#是C++的升级版 误区二:C/C++就是Visual ...
- 《从Paxos到ZooKeeper 分布式一致性原理与实践》阅读【Leader选举】
从3.4.0版本开始,zookeeper废弃了0.1.2这3种Leader选举算法,只保留了TCP版本的FastLeaderElection选举算法. 当ZooKeeper集群中的一台服务器出现以下两 ...
- 87. [NOIP2000] 乘积最大
★☆ 输入文件:cjzd.in 输出文件:cjzd.out 简单对比 时间限制:1 s 内存限制:128 MB 问题描述 今年是国际数学联盟确定的“2000——世界数学年”,又恰逢我国 ...
- STL容器迭代过程中删除元素技巧(转)
1.连续内存序列容器(vector,string,deque) 序列容器的erase方法返回值是指向紧接在被删除元素之后的元素的有效迭代器,可以根据这个返回值来安全删除元素. vector<in ...
- PMBOK项目管理九大知识领域和五大流程 --美国IT项目管理硕士笔记(二)
PMBOK 项目管理 九大知识领域和五大流程 PMI Project Management Institute.PMI 是世界上最大的非盈利机构,是项目管理领域的领导者.PMI制定项目管理行业标准 ...
- Detectron-MaskRCnn:Mask判别和获取前向Mask的标签
对于FCN-SceneParse网络,最后卷积生成N个类别的maps,每个Map都得到图像所有点的单类概率.MaskRCNN的结构与FCN不相同. 参考三个文章: Detectron总结1:Blob的 ...
- Android(java)学习笔记206:JNI之工具快速开发步骤
下面通过一个案例说明一下,利用工具jni快速开发步骤 1.新建一个Android工程,命名为"03_对int数组加1",如下: 2. 在MainActivity.java中对add ...
- Django框架 之基础入门
django是一款MVT的框架 一.基本过程 1.创建项目:django-admin startproject 项目名称 2.编写配置文件settings.py(数据库配置.时区.后台管理中英文等) ...
- js读写txt文件
view plain<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> //读文件funct ...
- ArrayAccess(数组式访问)
实现该接口后,可以像访问数组一样访问对象. 接口摘要: ArrayAccess { abstract public boolean offsetExists ( mixed $offset ) abs ...