Oracle 递归
当对象存在父节点、子节点时,通过特定的方式获取父节点、子节点数据构建树状结构或其它形式结构时,通常都会使用递归,如:一个公司有多个部门、每个部门下可能有多个小部门,小部门下面又有组….为了数据容易管理和维护,通过构建合适的表结构存储这些数据,以下示例以省市县为例学习了解递归:
1.创建存储省市县数据表:
1: create table tb_distree
2: (
3: id number,
4: name varchar2(300),
5: pid number
6: )
7: /
8: remark 添加主外键
9: alter table tb_distree add (
10: constraints pk_id primary key(id),
11: constraints fk_pid foreign key(pid) references tb_distree(id)
12: )
13: /
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
2.初始化数据:
1: insert into tb_distree(id,name) values(1,'云南省');
2: insert into tb_distree(id,name,pid) values(2,'昆明市',1);
3: insert into tb_distree(id,name,pid) values(3,'临沧市',1);
4: insert into tb_distree(id,name,pid) values(4,'丽江市',1);
5: insert into tb_distree(id,name,pid) values(5,'云县',3);
6: insert into tb_distree(id,name,pid) values(6,'凤庆',3);
7: insert into tb_distree(id,name,pid) values(7,'幸福',3);
8: insert into tb_distree(id,name,pid) values(8,'盘龙区',2);
9: insert into tb_distree(id,name,pid) values(9,'五华区',2);
10: insert into tb_distree(id,name,pid) values(10,'西山区',2);
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
3.递归查询语法:
1: select column... from table_name
2: where .... 过滤条件
3: start with ... 递归开始点
4: connect by prior .... 优先级
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
4.递归查询数据:
4.1 从父节点开始查询出所有父节点和子节点:
SQL> select id,name,pid from tb_distree start with pid is null connect by prior id=pid;
ID NAME PID
---------- ------------ ----------
1 云南省
2 昆明市 1
8 盘龙区 2
9 五华区 2
10 西山区 2
3 临沧市 1
5 云县 3
6 凤庆 3
7 幸福 3
4 丽江市 1
10 rows selected.
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
4.2 查询某个节点的父节点:
SQL> select id,name,pid from tb_distree start with name='云县' connect by prior pid=id;
ID NAME PID
---------- ------------ ----------
5 云县 3
3 临沧市 1
1 云南省
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
在上例中"云县"属于"临沧市","临沧市"属于"云南省";对于从父节点递归到子节点,优先级条件为子节点id等于父节点id;对于从子节点到父节点递归,方向刚好相反;
4.3 通过层次查询出父节点和某个子节点:
SQL> select id,name,pid,level from tb_distree where level in(1,2) start with pid is null connect by prior id=pid;
ID NAME PID LEVEL
---------- ------------ ---------- ----------
1 云南省 1
2 昆明市 1 2
3 临沧市 1 2
4 丽江市 1 2
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
层次也很重要,某些时候要修改某个节点父节点或子节点时会很有用;
5. 递归查询效率:
SQL>select/*+ selectDG1 */ id,name,pid from tb_distree start with pid is null connect by prior id=pid;
SQL> select sql_id,sql_text from v$sql where sql_text like '%selectDG1%' ;
SQL_ID SQL_TEXT
--------------- --------------------------------------------------
2wnu324ga4n0y select sql_id,sql_text from v$sql where sql_text l
ike '%selectDG1%'
d4g89bucsbvzd select/*+ selectDG1 */ id,name,pid from tb_distree
start with pid is null connect by prior id=pid
SQL>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('d4g89bucsbvzd',null,'advanced allstats last peeked_binds'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID d4g89bucsbvzd, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select/*+ selectDG1 */ id,name,pid from tb_distree start with pid is
null connect by prior id=pid
Plan hash value: 1466399788
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows |E-Bytes| Cost (%CPU)| E-Time | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | | 18 (100)| | 10 |00:00:00.01 | 22 |
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|* 1 | CONNECT BY NO FILTERING WITH START-WITH| | 1 | | | | | 10 |00:00:00.01 | 22 |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | TB_DISTREE | 1 | 10 | 1780 | 17 (0)| 00:00:01 | 10 |00:00:00.01 | 22 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):
-------------------------------------------------------------
1 - SEL$1
2 - SEL$2 / TB_DISTREE@SEL$2
Outline Data
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*+
BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.3')
DB_VERSION('11.2.0.3')
ALL_ROWS
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$2")
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$3")
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$4")
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SET$1")
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
NO_ACCESS(@"SEL$1" "connect$_by$_work$_set$_006"@"SEL$1")
NO_CONNECT_BY_FILTERING(@"SEL$1")
CONNECT_BY_COMBINE_SW(@"SEL$1")
FULL(@"SEL$4" "TB_DISTREE"@"SEL$4")
FULL(@"SEL$3" "connect$_by$_pump$_002"@"SEL$3")
FULL(@"SEL$3" "TB_DISTREE"@"SEL$3")
LEADING(@"SEL$3" "connect$_by$_pump$_002"@"SEL$3" "TB_DISTREE"@"SEL$3")
USE_HASH(@"SEL$3" "TB_DISTREE"@"SEL$3")
FULL(@"SEL$2" "TB_DISTREE"@"SEL$2")
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END_OUTLINE_DATA
*/
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - access("PID"=PRIOR NULL)
filter("PID" IS NULL)
10046 trace:
Rows (1st) Rows (avg) Rows (max) Row Source Operation
675 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------
676 10 10 10 CONNECT BY NO FILTERING WITH START-WITH (cr=22 pr=0 pw=0 time=269 us)
677 10 10 10 TABLE ACCESS FULL TB_DISTREE (cr=22 pr=0 pw=0 time=118 us cost=17 size=1780 card=10)
678
679
680 Elapsed times include waiting on following events:
681 Event waited on Times Max. Wait Total Waited
682 ---------------------------------------- Waited ---------- ------------
683 row cache lock 3 0.00 0.00
684 Disk file operations I/O 1 0.00 0.00
685 db file sequential read 3 0.03 0.04
686 SQL*Net message to client 2 0.00 0.00
687 SQL*Net message from client 2 0.00 0.00
688 ********************************************************************************
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
在递归表上创建索引是没有用的,都必须进行全表扫描,当然通常这样的表也不会很大,如果数据量的确很大,建议将表中的节点拆分成多个表提高效率;
Oracle 递归的更多相关文章
- Oracle 递归的写法(start with) 以及where条件作用域
先转一个讲Oracle递归讲得非常透彻的文章: http://blog.csdn.net/weiwenhp/article/details/8218091 前言:嗯,这也是一个前人挖坑,后人来填的故事 ...
- oracle 递归应用(挺复杂的)
最近做数据过滤觉得很有必要记录下整个过程,说不定下次就不知道了. 废话不多说开始: 表结构: 企业表(自关联,采用树的形式记录分子公司) 区域表(自关联,采用树的形式记录省/市/县/乡,数据量大) 公 ...
- oracle 递归和connect by【转】
oracle递归查询(单表包含多级上下级关系) http://www.cnblogs.com/walk-the-Line/p/4882866.html -- 查找所有第一层(包括)下的所有子节点 -- ...
- oracle递归层级查询 start with connect by prior
递归层级查询:start with connect by prior 以部门表作为解析 表结构:dept{id:'主键',name:'部门名称',parent_id:'父亲id'} select * ...
- Oracle递归sql笔记
查询一个机构下所辖机构: select * from t00_organ t start with t.organkey=#uporgankey# connect by prior t.organke ...
- Oracle递归 start with...connect by...prior
prior一侧是父节点 另一侧是子节点 --查询region_id等于4519的节点下面的所有子节点 查找出给定节点的所有子节点 SELECT sr.* FROM spc_region sr wher ...
- Oracle递归操作
需求:找出代理商中没有挂商家的代理商 简单SQL如下: select * from t_proxy tp where tp.id not in (SELECT tp.id as p_id FROM t ...
- [oracle] 递归追溯完整部门名称 函数
create or replace function fn_DeptWholeName2(objectid in number) return nvarchar2 is wholename nvarc ...
- oracle 分页(rownum的理解) 以及 树节点的查询
1:什么是rownum, rownum的生成, rownum相关的符号操作 Rownum是oracle生成结果集时得到的一个伪列, 按照读出行的顺序, 第一条rownum=1, 第二条=2. 对于 O ...
随机推荐
- bootstrap的折叠组件1
官网的例子: http://v3.bootcss.com/javascript/#collapse <div class="panel-group" id="acc ...
- Spring security 如何设置才能避免拦截到静态资源
问题:继承FilterSecurityInterceptor自定义Spring security拦截器,但是每次都拦截了css等静态资源,应该如何设置? @Override protected voi ...
- orzdba_monitor.sh脚本使用
1.orzdba_monitor.sh脚本使用 ./orzdba_monitor.sh 主要是用nohup同时在后台调用orzdba,启动下面三个命令 [root@node02 scripts]# p ...
- (转) Docker EE/Docker CE简介与版本规划
随着Docker的不断流行与发展,docker公司(或称为组织)也开启了商业化之路,Docker 从 17.03版本之后分为 CE(Community Edition) 和 EE(Enterprise ...
- ubuntu 解决“无法获得锁 /var/lib/dpkg/lock -open”的方法
在ubuntu系统终端下,用apt-get install 安装软件的时候,如果在未完成下载的情况下将终端中断,此时 apt-get进程可能没有结束.结果,如果再次运行apt-get instal ...
- DataMatrix二维条码源码分析检测识别图像位置
发布时间:2014-10-31 DataMatrix的代码结构和QR码基本相同: 其中Detector的功能还是从原始图像中找出符号码的部分,并且进行透视转换纠正扭曲. 其解码流程与QR码差不多,关键 ...
- Zabbix 源码编译安装
简介: Zabbix 分布式监控系统,源码编译安装记录 ( 记不得是第多少次了 ) 下载地址:http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/zabbix/ZABBIX ...
- SPI子系统分析之二:数据结构
内核版本:3.9.5 spi_master struct spi_master用来描述一个SPI主控制器,我们一般不需要自己编写spi控制器驱动. /*结构体master代表一个SPI接口,或者叫一个 ...
- WCF配置多个终节点
配置多个终节点的意义(自己理解):一个服务可以有多个终节点,网上也经常有人说终节点才是服务的真正的接口,的确如此,当我们为一个服务配置多个终节点时,就表明这个服务可以被以不同的方式访问(不同的绑定等等 ...
- python 数值计算库
pip install numpy pip install matplotlib pip install sklearn yum -y install tkinter pip install scip ...