07：urllib与urllib2基本使用

参考博客：https://blog.csdn.net/chendong_/article/details/51973499

1.1 urllib2发送get请求

# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-
import urllib2

response = urllib2.urlopen("https://www.baidu.com/")
print response.read()

urllib2.urlopen(url) 不带参数的get请求 ：法1

# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-

import urllib2
import urllib

url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/?'
para = {'name':'zhangsan','age':100}
req = urllib2.Request(url + urllib.urlencode(para))
page = urllib2.urlopen(req)
print page.read()

# 服务器端结果：{u'name': [u'zhangsan']

urllib2.Request(url,data) 带参数的get请求：法2

1.2 urllib2发送post请求

# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-

import urllib2
import urllib
values = {'username':'zhangsan','pwd':''}
data = urllib.urlencode(values)
url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/"
request = urllib2.Request(url, data)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
print response.read()

urllib2发送post请求

import urllib2
import json

data = {
    'a': 123,
    'b': 456
}
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
request = urllib2.Request(url='url', headers=headers, data=json.dumps(data))
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)

post方式发送json参数

1.3 高级用法：设置Headers

# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-

import urllib2
import urllib

url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/'
user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'
values = {"username":"1098918523@qq.com", "password":"341204baiduhi"}
headers = {'User_Agent': user_agent}
data = urllib.urlencode(values)
request = urllib2.Request(url, data, headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
print response.read()

urllib2设置请求头信息

1.4 urllib2发送put请求

def send_put(url,values):
    data = {
        'a': 123,
        'b': 456
    }
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    request = urllib2.Request(url=url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(data))
    request.get_method = lambda: 'PUT'
    response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
    print response.read()

if __name__=="__main__":
    values = {'name':'新添加组01','fid':''}
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/operate/dept"
    send_put(url,values)

urllib2发送put请求

1.5 python2中urllib2对url进行urlencode与unquote

　　1、encode和unquote仅对一个字符串进行转换

import urllib
s = '张三'
s_encode = urllib.quote(s)
print s_encode
# 执行结果：%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89

encode

#2、url unquote
import urllib
s = '%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89'
s_decode = urllib.unquote(s)
print s_decode
# 执行结果：张三

unquote

　　2、urlencode 

# 1、urlencode
import urllib
data={"name":"张三","sex":"男"}
print urllib.urlencode(data)
# 执行结果：name=%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89&sex=%E7%94%B7

# 2、unquote解析url
data = 'name=%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89&sex=%E7%94%B7'
print urllib.unquote(data)
# 执行结果：name=张三&sex=男

urlencode