树莓派安装 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 碰壁指南

树莓派安装 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 碰壁指南

设备 Raspberry 4B 4+32G

系统 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

1.镜像下载与烧录

镜像下载地址:https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/20.04.1/release/ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi.img.xz

烧录工具

SD Card Formatter

Win32DiskImager

2.启用root账户

输入命令后根据提示操作

su passwd root

3.无线网络连接初始化

进入netplan配置文件夹

cd /etc/netplan/

配置无线网

sudo vim 50-cloud-init.yaml

配置如下，仅供参考

# This file is generated from information provided by the datasource.  Changes
# to it will not persist across an instance reboot.  To disable cloud-init's
# network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
    ethernets:
        eth0:
            dhcp4: true
            optional: true
    version: 2
    wifis:
      wlan0:
        dhcp4: true
        optional: true
        access-points:
              "你的无线网络名称":
               password: "123456789"

注意在冒号后面，记得要有个空格或者换行

启用配置

sudo netplan try
sudo netplan apply
systemctl daemon-reload

4.更换树莓派国内镜像源

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

我全部更换为阿里镜像源，最终配置如下

## Note, this file is written by cloud-init on first boot of an instance
## modifications made here will not survive a re-bundle.
## if you wish to make changes you can:
## a.) add 'apt_preserve_sources_list: true' to /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
##     or do the same in user-data
## b.) add sources in /etc/apt/sources.list.d
## c.) make changes to template file /etc/cloud/templates/sources.list.tmpl

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal main restricted
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates main restricted
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal universe
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal universe
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates universe
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal multiverse
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal multiverse
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner

#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security main restricted
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security main restricted
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security main restricted
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security universe
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security universe
#deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security multiverse
# deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security multiverse

刷新镜像源

source source.list
apt get update
apt get upgrade

4.启用SSH（*）

sudo apt install openssh-server

查看ssh状态

防火墙端口放行SSH

ufw allow ssh

尝试一下用默认账户连接(我尝试失败，您可以一试)

方法一:修改sshd_config

参考 https://blog.csdn.net/john1337/article/details/109465781

修改配置文件

sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

在vim中搜索定位PermitRootLogin，可直接查找：

/PermitRootLogin

修改以下配置：

33 #LoginGraceTime 2m

34 #PermitRootLogin prohibit-password

35 #StrictModes yes

36 #MaxAuthTries 6

37 #MaxSessions 10

修改为：

 LoginGraceTime 2m
 PermitRootLogin yes
 StrictModes yes
 #MaxAuthTries 6
 #MaxSessions 10

1. 重启ssh，使配置生效

sudo service ssh restart

现在可是使用root用户登录ssh了！！！

方法二：建立新用户（*）

我使用该方法完成ssh连接

不知为何默认账户ubuntu和root无法进行SSH连接认证，但是可以通过自己添加账户进行SSH连接

直接输入

adduser your_username

按照指示配置新用户信息，最后使用该用户名称完成SSH连接

5. BT宝塔面板安装

wget -O install.sh http://download.bt.cn/install/install-ubuntu_6.0.sh && bash install.sh

参考文档

1.https://blog.csdn.net/zx3517288/article/details/109889688

2.https://blog.csdn.net/john1337/article/details/109465781

3.https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35975447/article/details/105858964