Kubernetes K8S之资源控制器RC、RS、Deployment详解
Kubernetes的资源控制器ReplicationController（RC）、ReplicaSet（RS）、Deployment（Deploy）详解与示例
主机配置规划
| 服务器名称(hostname) | 系统版本 | 配置 | 内网IP | 外网IP(模拟) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| k8s-master | CentOS7.7 | 2C/4G/20G | 172.16.1.110 | 10.0.0.110 |
| k8s-node01 | CentOS7.7 | 2C/4G/20G | 172.16.1.111 | 10.0.0.111 |
| k8s-node02 | CentOS7.7 | 2C/4G/20G | 172.16.1.112 | 10.0.0.112 |
什么是控制器
kubernetes中内建了很多controller（控制器），这些相当于一个状态机，用来控制pod的具体状态和行为。
部分控制器类型如下：
- ReplicationController 和 ReplicaSet
- Deployment
- DaemonSet
- StatefulSet
- Job/CronJob
- HorizontalPodAutoscaler
ReplicationController 和 ReplicaSet
ReplicationController (RC)用来确保容器应用的副本数始终保持在用户定义的副本数，即如果有容器异常退出，会自动创建新的pod来替代；而异常多出来的容器也会自动回收。
在新版的Kubernetes中建议使用ReplicaSet (RS)来取代ReplicationController。ReplicaSet跟ReplicationController没有本质的不同，只是名字不一样，但ReplicaSet支持集合式selector。
虽然 ReplicaSets 可以独立使用，但如今它主要被Deployments 用作协调 Pod 的创建、删除和更新的机制。当使用 Deployment 时，你不必担心还要管理它们创建的 ReplicaSet，Deployment 会拥有并管理它们的 ReplicaSet。
ReplicaSet 是下一代的 Replication Controller。 ReplicaSet 和 Replication Controller 的唯一区别是选择器的支持。ReplicaSet 支持新的基于集合的选择器需求，这在标签用户指南中有描述。而 Replication Controller 仅支持基于相等选择器的需求。
Deployments
Deployment 控制器为 Pods和 ReplicaSets提供描述性的更新方式。用来替代以前的ReplicationController以方便管理应用。
典型的应用场景包括：
- 定义Deployment来创建Pod和ReplicaSet
- 滚动升级和回滚应用
- 扩容和缩容
- 暂停和继续Deployment
ReplicaSet示例
yaml文件
[root@k8s-master controller]# pwd
/root/k8s_practice/controller
[root@k8s-master controller]# cat ReplicaSet-.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
name: frontend
spec:
replicas:
selector:
matchLabels:
tier: frontend
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: frontend
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- name: httpd
containerPort:
创建ReplicaSet，并查看rs状态与详情
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl apply -f ReplicaSet-.yaml
replicaset.apps/frontend created
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get rs -o wide # 查看状态
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
frontend 2m12s nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17 tier=frontend
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl describe rs frontend # 查看详情
Name: frontend
Namespace: default
Selector: tier=frontend
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
{"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"ReplicaSet","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"frontend","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"replicas":,"se...
Replicas: current / desired
Pods Status: Running / Waiting / Succeeded / Failed
Pod Template:
Labels: tier=frontend
Containers:
nginx:
Image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17
Port: /TCP
Host Port: /TCP
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal SuccessfulCreate 10m replicaset-controller Created pod: frontend-kltwp
Normal SuccessfulCreate 10m replicaset-controller Created pod: frontend-76dbn
Normal SuccessfulCreate 10m replicaset-controller Created pod: frontend-jk8td
查看pod状态信息
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES LABELS
frontend-76dbn / Running 5m15s 10.244.4.31 k8s-node01 <none> <none> tier=frontend
frontend-jk8td / Running 5m15s 10.244.2.35 k8s-node02 <none> <none> tier=frontend
frontend-kltwp / Running 5m15s 10.244.2.34 k8s-node02 <none> <none> tier=frontend
删除一个pod，然后再次查看
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl delete pod frontend-kltwp
pod "frontend-kltwp" deleted
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get pod -o wide --show-labels # 可见重新创建了一个pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES LABELS
frontend-76dbn / Running 7m27s 10.244.4.31 k8s-node01 <none> <none> tier=frontend
frontend-jk8td / Running 7m27s 10.244.2.35 k8s-node02 <none> <none> tier=frontend
frontend-mf79k / Running 16s 10.244.4.32 k8s-node01 <none> <none> tier=frontend
由上可见，rs又新建了一个pod，保证了pod数总是为3.
Deployment示例
创建 Deployment
yaml文件
[root@k8s-master controller]# pwd
/root/k8s_practice/controller
[root@k8s-master controller]# cat nginx-deployment-1.17..yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
replicas:
# 重点关注该字段
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17.
ports:
- containerPort:
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# cat nginx-deployment-1.17..yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
replicas:
# 重点关注该字段
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17.
ports:
- containerPort:
selector 字段定义 Deployment 如何查找要管理的 Pods。 在这种情况下，会选择在 template（Pod）模板中定义的标签labels（app: nginx）。但更复杂的选择规则是可能的，只要 template （Pod） 模板本身满足规则。
刚启动时状态说明
启动deployment，并查看状态
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment-1.17..yaml --record
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get deployment -o wide
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
nginx-deployment / 10s nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx # --record 参数可以记录命令，通过 kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment 可查询
参数说明：
- NAME：列出集群中 Deployments 的名称
- READY：已就绪副本数/期望副本数
- UP-TO-DATE：显示已更新和正在更新中的副本数
- AVAILABLE：显示应用程序可供用户使用的副本数
- AGE：显示运行的时间
查看ReplicaSet状态
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get rs -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5 17s nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5
参数说明：
- NAME：列出集群中 ReplicaSet的名称
- DESIRED：期望副本数
- CURRENT：当前副本数
- READY：已就绪副本数
- AGE：运行时间
查看pod状态
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5-ngpg5 / Running 26s 10.244.2.43 k8s-node02 <none> <none>
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5-rw827 / Running 26s 10.244.2.44 k8s-node02 <none> <none>
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5-ttf4j / ContainerCreating 26s <none> k8s-node01 <none> <none>
过一会儿状态说明
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get deployment -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
nginx-deployment / 23m nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx app=nginx
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get rs -o wide --show-labels
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5 23m nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES LABELS
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5-ngpg5 / Running 23m 10.244.2.43 k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5-rw827 / Running 23m 10.244.2.44 k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5-ttf4j / Running 23m 10.244.4.37 k8s-node01 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5
重点说明
1、ReplicaSet 的名称始终被格式化为[DEPLOYMENT-NAME]-[RANDOM-STRING]。随机字符串是随机生成，并使用 pod-template-hash 作为选择器和标签。
2、Deployment 控制器将 pod-template-hash 标签添加到 Deployment 创建或使用的每个 ReplicaSet 。此标签可确保 Deployment 的子 ReplicaSets 不重叠。因此不可修改。
3、注意Deployment、ReplicaSet和Pod三者的名称关系
更新 Deployment
Deployment 可确保在更新时仅关闭一定数量的 Pods。默认情况下，它确保至少 75%所需 Pods 运行（25%最大不可用）。
Deployment 更新过程中还确保仅创建一定数量的 Pods 且高于期望的 Pods 数。默认情况下，它可确保最多增加 25% 期望 Pods 数（25%最大增量）。
备注：实际操作中如果更新Deployment，那么最好通过yaml文件更新，这样回滚到任何版本都非常便捷，而且更容易追述；而不是通过命令行。
如下Deployment示例，由于只有3个副本。因此更新时不会先删除旧的pod，而是先新建一个pod。新pod运行时，才会删除对应老的pod。一切的前提都是为了满足上述的条件。
需求：更新 nginx Pods，从当前的1.17.1版本改为1.17.5版本。
# 方式一
kubectl edit deployment/nginx-deployment # 然后修改 image 镜像信息 【不推荐】
# 上述方法不会记录命令，通过kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment 无法查询 # 方式二如下【可使用】：
kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. --record # 方式三如下【推荐★★★★★】
kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment-1.17..yaml --record # --record 参数可以记录命令，通过 kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment 可查询
要查看更新状态
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl rollout status deployment/nginx-deployment
# 如没有更新完成，则显示更新过程直到更新成功
Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: out of new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: out of new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: out of new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: out of new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: out of new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: old replicas are pending termination...
Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: old replicas are pending termination...
deployment "nginx-deployment" successfully rolled out
# 如已更新完毕，直接显示更新成功
deployment "nginx-deployment" successfully rolled out
更新中的Deployment、ReplicaSet、Pod信息
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get deployment -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
nginx-deployment / 12m nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx app=nginx
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get rs -o wide --show-labels
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5 23s nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5 12m nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES LABELS
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-4kn4c / ContainerCreating 30s <none> k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5-7lcr9 / Running 12m 10.244.4.41 k8s-node01 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5-jbb5h / Running 12m 10.244.2.48 k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5-rt4m7 / Running 12m 10.244.4.42 k8s-node01 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5
更新成功后的Deployment、ReplicaSet、Pod信息
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get deployment -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
nginx-deployment / 15m nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx app=nginx
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get rs -o wide --show-labels
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5 3m23s nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5 15m nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES LABELS
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-4kn4c / Running 3m25s 10.244.2.49 k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-khsnm / Running 100s 10.244.2.50 k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-t24qw / Running 2m44s 10.244.4.43 k8s-node01 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
通过查询Deployment详情，知晓pod替换过程
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl describe deploy nginx-deployment
Name: nginx-deployment
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Thu, May :: +
Labels: app=nginx
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
{"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"Deployment","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernetes.io/change-cause":"kubectl apply --filename=nginx-deploy...
kubernetes.io/change-cause:
kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. --record=true
Selector: app=nginx
Replicas: desired | updated | total | available | unavailable
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds:
RollingUpdateStrategy: % max unavailable, % max surge
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx
Containers:
nginx:
Image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17.
Port: /TCP
Host Port: /TCP
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Conditions:
Type Status Reason
---- ------ ------
Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets: <none>
NewReplicaSet: nginx-deployment-56d78686f5 (/ replicas created)
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 93s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5 to
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 38s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-56d78686f5 to
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 37s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5 to
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 37s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-56d78686f5 to
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 35s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5 to
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 35s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-56d78686f5 to
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 34s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5 to
多 Deployment 动态更新
当 Deployment 正在展开进行更新时，Deployment 会为每个更新创建一个新的 ReplicaSet 并开始向上扩展，之前的 ReplicaSet 会被添加到旧 ReplicaSets 队列并开始向下扩展。
例如，假设创建一个 Deployment 以创建 nginx:1.7.9 的 5 个副本，然后更新 Deployment 以创建 5 个 nginx:1.9.1 的副本，而此时只有 3 个nginx:1.7.9 的副本已创建。在这种情况下， Deployment 会立即开始杀死3个 nginx:1.7.9 Pods，并开始创建 nginx:1.9.1 Pods。它不等待 nginx:1.7.9 的 5 个副本完成后再更新为nginx:1.9.1。
回滚 Deployment
yaml文件方式
针对应用的每个镜像版本，都有对应deploy的yaml文件。不管是升级还是回滚都已轻松应对。如下
nginx-deployment-1.15..yaml
nginx-deployment-1.17.yaml
nginx-deployment-1.17..yaml
nginx-deployment-1.17..yaml
yaml文件中的信息，参考上文即可。
命令行方式
问题产生
假设在更新 Deployment 时犯了一个拼写错误，将镜像名称命名为了 nginx:1.1710 而不是 nginx:1.17.10
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.1710 --record
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment image updated
查看Deployment、ReplicaSet、Pod信息
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get deploy -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
nginx-deployment / 14m nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.1710 app=nginx app=nginx
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get rs -o wide --show-labels
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
nginx-deployment-55c7bdfb86 9m19s nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=55c7bdfb86 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=55c7bdfb86
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5 12m nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5 13m nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5
nginx-deployment-844d7bbb7f 64s nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.1710 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=844d7bbb7f app=nginx,pod-template-hash=844d7bbb7f
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES LABELS
nginx-deployment-55c7bdfb86-bwzk9 / Running 10m 10.244.4.49 k8s-node01 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=55c7bdfb86
nginx-deployment-55c7bdfb86-cmvzg / Running 10m 10.244.2.55 k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=55c7bdfb86
nginx-deployment-55c7bdfb86-kjrrw / Running 10m 10.244.2.56 k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=55c7bdfb86
nginx-deployment-844d7bbb7f-pctwr / ImagePullBackOff 2m3s 10.244.4.51 k8s-node01 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=844d7bbb7f
需求：回滚到以前稳定的 Deployment 版本。
操作步骤如下：
检查 Deployment 修改历史
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
kubectl apply --filename=nginx-deployment.yaml --record=true
kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. --record=true
kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17 --record=true
kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.1710 --record=true
查看修改历史的详细信息，运行
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment --revision=
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment with revision #
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx
pod-template-hash=55c7bdfb86
Annotations: kubernetes.io/change-cause:
kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17 --record=true
Containers:
nginx:
Image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17
Port: /TCP
Host Port: /TCP
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
回滚到上一次修改（即版本 3）或指定版本
现在已决定撤消当前更新并回滚到以前的版本
# 回滚到上一版本
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deployment
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment rolled back
# 回滚到指定历史版本
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deployment --to-revision=
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment rolled back
检查回滚是否成功、 Deployment 是否正在运行
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get deploy -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
nginx-deployment / 17h nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx app=nginx
获取 Deployment 描述信息
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl describe deployment
Name: nginx-deployment
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Thu, May :: +
Labels: app=nginx
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
{"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"Deployment","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernetes.io/change-cause":"kubectl apply --filename=nginx-deploy...
kubernetes.io/change-cause:
kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. --record=true
Selector: app=nginx
Replicas: desired | updated | total | available | unavailable
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds:
RollingUpdateStrategy: % max unavailable, % max surge
Pod Template:
Labels: app=nginx
Containers:
nginx:
Image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17.
Port: /TCP
Host Port: /TCP
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Conditions:
Type Status Reason
---- ------ ------
Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets: <none>
NewReplicaSet: nginx-deployment-56d78686f5 (/ replicas created)
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
………………
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 107s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-56d78686f5 to
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 104s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-55c7bdfb86 to
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 104s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-56d78686f5 to
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 103s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-55c7bdfb86 to
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 103s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-56d78686f5 to
Normal ScalingReplicaSet 102s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-55c7bdfb86 to
扩容/缩容Deployment
操作过程如下
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl scale deployment/nginx-deployment --replicas=
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment scaled
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get deploy -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
nginx-deployment / 17h nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx app=nginx
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get rs -o wide --show-labels
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
nginx-deployment-55c7bdfb86 17h nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=55c7bdfb86 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=55c7bdfb86
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5 17h nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-76b9d6bcf5 17h nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17. app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=76b9d6bcf5
nginx-deployment-844d7bbb7f 17h nginx registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.1710 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=844d7bbb7f app=nginx,pod-template-hash=844d7bbb7f
[root@k8s-master controller]#
[root@k8s-master controller]# kubectl get pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES LABELS
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-4v5mj / Running 44s 10.244.2.64 k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-8m7mx / Running 44s 10.244.4.60 k8s-node01 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-c7wlb / Running 44s 10.244.4.59 k8s-node01 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-jg5lt / Running 44s 10.244.2.63 k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-jj58d / Running 11m 10.244.4.56 k8s-node01 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-k2kts / Running 11m 10.244.4.57 k8s-node01 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-qltkv / Running 44s 10.244.2.61 k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-r7vmm / Running 11m 10.244.2.60 k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-rxlpm / Running 44s 10.244.2.62 k8s-node02 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
nginx-deployment-56d78686f5-vlzrf / Running 44s 10.244.4.58 k8s-node01 <none> <none> app=nginx,pod-template-hash=56d78686f5
清理策略Policy
可以在 Deployment 中设置 .spec.revisionHistoryLimit，以指定保留多少该 Deployment 的 ReplicaSets数量。其余的将在后台进行垃圾回收。默认情况下，是10。
注意：此字段设置为 0 将导致清理 Deployment 的所有历史记录，因此 Deployment 将无法通过命令行回滚。
相关阅读
1、Kubernetes K8S之kubectl命令详解及常用示例
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