Mysql_二进制方式安装详解

mysql 安装

1.安装方式

1.二进制安装
2.源码包安装
3.rpm包安装

1.二进制安装

1）上传或者下载包

[root@db01 ~]# rz
#或者
[root@web01 ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2）安装依赖

先安装依耐，在解压之前安装，防止包在解压的时候就去找依耐，而出现安装报错的问题。

[root@db01 ~]# yum install -y ncurses-devel libaio-devel autoconf

3）解压包

[root@db01 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

4）移动目录

一般用户安装的软件放在/usr/local/下面

[root@db01 ~]# mv mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/

主文件夹下的一些目录

[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# ll
total 240
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    4096 Jul  9 10:33 bin		# 存放的二进制文件，比如启动文件在里面
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root      18 Jul  9 10:34 data
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root      55 Jul  9 10:33 docs
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root    4096 Jul  9 10:34 include
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root     316 Jul  9 10:33 lib
-rw-r--r--  1 7161 31415 221739 Sep 27  2019 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root      30 Jul  9 10:33 man
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root     291 Jul  9 10:34 mysql-test			# 存放默认的数据库
-rw-r--r--  1 7161 31415    587 Sep 27  2019 README
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root      30 Jul  9 10:33 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 28 root root    4096 Jul  9 10:34 share
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root    4096 Jul  9 10:34 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     136 Jul  9 10:34 support-files		# 里面有默认的配置文件和启动脚本

5）做软连接

方便升级和管理目录

[root@db01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

6）创建mysql用户

用来管理mysql进程的

[root@db01 ~]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M

7）拷贝配置文件和启动脚本

[root@db01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
[root@db01 support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? y

[root@db01 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

8）初始化数据库

[root@db01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/
[root@db01 scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

--user:	指定用户
--basedir: 指定安装目录
--datadir: 指定数据目录

#初始化成功的标志是两个ok

9）启动数据库

[root@db01 scripts]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

10）配置环境变量

[root@db01 scripts]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

[root@db01 scripts]# source /etc/profile

11）配置system管理mysql

[root@db01 scripts]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000

[root@db01 scripts]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@db01 scripts]# systemctl start mysqld

12）确认启动

[root@db01 scripts]# ps -ef | grep mysql
mysql     12886      1  2 03:10 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
root      12921  10636  0 03:11 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@db01 scripts]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6379          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      12027/redis-server
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      6180/rpcbind
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      7113/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      7198/master
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      12886/mysqld
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      6180/rpcbind
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      7113/sshd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      7198/master         

# 安装成功
[root@db01 scripts]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.46 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

遇到的报错

[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./mysql_install_db:
Data::Dumper

# 解决命令
yum -y install autoconf

FBI WARNING

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