【LeetCode】015 3Sum
题目:
Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in S such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.
Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.
For example, given array S = [-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4], A solution set is:
[
[-1, 0, 1],
[-1, -1, 2]
]
题解:
对于i和j,在j+1至n中寻找符合条件的第三个值,一种方法是建立map映射表,利用map的find函数。对重复项的检测上使用了比较麻烦的方法。
Solution 1 (TLE)
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> threeSum(vector<int>& nums) {
vector<vector<int>> vv;
vector<int> v;
int i = , j = , n = nums.size(),tar=;
unordered_map<int, int> m;
for(; i<n; i++)
//value-position
m[nums[i]] = i;
for(i=; i<n-; i++) {
for(j=i+; j<n-; j++) {
tar = - nums[i] - nums[j];
if(m.count(tar) && m[tar]>j) {
v.push_back(nums[i]);
v.push_back(nums[j]);
v.push_back(tar);
sort(v.begin(),v.end());
if(find(vv.begin(),vv.end(),v) == vv.end())
vv.push_back(v);
v.clear();
}
}
}
return vv;
}
};
Solution 1 TLE的原因就在于重复字段的判断上,耗费了大量时间。那么怎么降低呢?这里有个小技巧,对于存在可重复数字的数组,往往联想到先将数组排序,这样可能会减少大量工作。于是在for循环前先将nums排序,然后在循环中对于两元素值相同的情况直接跳过,即当nums[i] == nums[i-1]时,由于nums[i-1]已经遍历完成,故跳过nums[i],对于j(尾指针)也是同样的处理。
Solution 2 (312ms)
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> threeSum(vector<int>& nums) {
vector<vector<int>> vv;
vector<int> v;
int i = , j = , n = nums.size(),tar=;
unordered_map<int, int> m;
sort(nums.begin(),nums.end());
for(; i<n; i++)
//value-position
m[nums[i]] = i;
for(i=; i<n-; i++) {
if (i> && nums[i-]==nums[i]) continue;
for(j=i+; j<n-; j++) {
if (j>i+ && nums[j-]==nums[j]) continue;
tar = - nums[i] - nums[j];
if(m.find(tar) != m.end() && m[tar]>j) {
vv.push_back({nums[i],nums[j],tar});
}
}
}
return vv;
}
};
Solution 2 虽然AC了,但用时312ms,效率太低了。我们进一步进行优化。此题的思路就是在i之后的数组内寻找符合条件的两个值,Solution 1和Solution 2是将i和j固定,寻找第三个值,那么我们也可以固定i,寻找j和k来满足条件。还是先将数组排序,固定i后,j,k分别为剩余数组的头指针、尾指针,在j<k时执行搜索,直到j>=k时停止搜索。遇到重复项依然是跳过处理。
Solution 3 (119ms)
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int> > threeSum(vector<int> &nums) {
vector<vector<int>> vv;
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
int n = nums.size();
for(int i=; i<n-; i++) {
if(nums[i] > ) break;
if(i> && nums[i] == nums[i-]) continue;
int a = nums[i];
int j = i+, k = n-;
while(j<k) {
int b = nums[j], c = nums[k];
if(a+b+c == ) {
vv.push_back({a,b,c});
while(j<n && nums[j] == nums[j+]) j++; j++;
while(k>i && nums[k] == nums[k-]) k--; k--;
}
else if(a+b+c > ) {
while(k>i && nums[k] == nums[k-]) k--; k--;
}
else {
while(j<n && nums[j] == nums[j+]) j++; j++;
}
}
}
return vv;
}
};
在重复项检测上也可以利用set的特性:不包含重复项。这只是一个小技巧。
Solution 4 (279ms)
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int> > threeSum(vector<int> &nums) {
set<vector<int>> sv;
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
int n = nums.size();
for(int i=; i<n-; i++) {
if(nums[i] > ) break;
int a = nums[i];
int j = i+, k = n-;
while(j<k) {
int b = nums[j], c = nums[k];
if(a+b+c == ) {
sv.insert({a,b,c});
j++;
k--;
}
else if(a+b+c > ) k--;
else j++;
}
}
return vector<vector<int>> (sv.begin(),sv.end());
}
};
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