备份
先做一次完整备份：

innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user root --password chengce243 /data/mysqlbak

执行完命令后，/data/mysqlbak 目录下会生成目录： 2018-08-06_14-19-12

记下操作后的 position 点
mysql> show master status;
+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| restoredb-bin.000001 | 154 | | | |
+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

多切换几次 binlog日志
mysql> flush logs;

[root@restoredb ~]# ll /data/mysql/*bin*
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 14:26 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000001
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000002
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000003
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000004
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000005
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000006
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000007
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000008
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000009
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000010
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000011
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000012
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000013
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 154 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000014
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 322 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.index

mysql> show master status;
+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| restoredb-bin.000014 | 154 | | | |
+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

插入测试数据
insert into testtab values (20001,'full_bak');

多切换几次 binlog日志
mysql> flush logs;

再插入测试数据
insert into testtab values (20002,'full_bak2');

[root@restoredb ~]# ll /data/mysql/*bin*
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 14:26 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000001
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000002
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000003
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000004
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000005
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000006
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000007
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000008
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000009
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000010
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000011
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000012
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:09 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000013
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 479 Aug 6 15:13 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000014
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:13 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000015
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:13 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000016
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 205 Aug 6 15:13 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000017
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 429 Aug 6 15:14 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.000018
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 414 Aug 6 15:13 /data/mysql/restoredb-bin.index

再插入测试数据
insert into testtab values (20003,'full_bak3');

停止MySQL服务并清空数据目录：

/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

备份binlog（正常情况下，这些binlog会备份到binlog server，此处用复制模拟binlog server备份路径）。

[root@restoredb mysql]# cp *bin* /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/
[root@restoredb mysql]# ll /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/
total 76
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000001
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000002
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000003
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000004
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000005
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000006
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000007
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000008
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000009
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000010
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000011
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000012
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000013
-rw-r----- 1 root root 479 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000014
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000015
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000016
-rw-r----- 1 root root 205 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000017
-rw-r----- 1 root root 727 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.000018
-rw-r----- 1 root root 414 Aug 6 15:19 restoredb-bin.index

清空数据文件
rm -rf /data/mysql/*

恢复
直接复制 /data/mysqlbak/2018-08-06_14-19-12 目录下文件到 /data/mysql 目录下，然后修改权限
cp -r /data/mysqlbak/2018-08-06_14-19-12/* /data/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

直接启动数据
/etc/init.d/mysqld start

查看此时的testtab表：
mysql> select *from testtab;
+-------+-----------+
| id | name |
+-------+-----------+
| 10000 | test |
| 10001 | incr_bak |
| 10002 | incr_bak2 |
+-------+-----------+

mysql> show master status;
+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| restoredb-bin.000001 | 154 | | | |
+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

测试数据 (20001,'full_bak')并不存在，说明binlog日志的数据并没有恢复

开始恢复binlog日志

mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000001 --start-position=154 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000002 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000003 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000004 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000005 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000006 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000007 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000008 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000009 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000010 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000011 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000012 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000013 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000014 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000015 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000016 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000017 |mysql -u root -pchengce243
mysqlbinlog /data/mysqlbak/binlogbak/restoredb-bin.000018 |mysql -u root -pchengce243

查看数据
mysql> select *from testtab;
+-------+-----------+
| id | name |
+-------+-----------+
| 10000 | test |
| 10001 | incr_bak |
| 10002 | incr_bak2 |
| 20001 | full_bak |
| 20002 | full_bak2 |
| 20003 | full_bak3 |
+-------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

发现已经是最新的数据，已经恢复过来。

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