[转]史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/sunniest/p/4555801.html?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral

SpringMVC学习笔记----

一、SpringMVC基础入门，创建一个HelloWorld程序

1.首先，导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>
<!-- don't handle the static resource -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>

4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

6.编写Controller代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public class mvcController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        return "hello";
    }
}

7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello

二、配置解析

1. Dispatcherservlet

DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

2. InternalResourceViewResolver

视图名称解析器

3.以上出现的注解

@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

三、SpringMVC常用注解

@Controller

负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

@RequestMapping

注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

@RequestBody

该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

@ResponseBody

该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区

@ModelAttribute

在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中

@RequestParam

在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

@PathVariable

绑定 URL 占位符到入参

@ExceptionHandler

注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法

@ControllerAdvice

使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

四、自动匹配参数

//match automatically
    @RequestMapping("/person")
    public String toPerson(String name,double age){
        System.out.println(name+" "+age);
        return "hello";
    }

五、自动装箱

1.编写一个Person实体类

package test.SpringMVC.model;
public class Person {public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
private String name;
private int age;
}

2.在Controller里编写方法

//boxing automatically
    @RequestMapping("/person1")
    public String toPerson(Person p){
        System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
        return "hello";
    }

六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

//the parameter was converted in initBinder
@RequestMapping("/date")
public String date(Date date){
System.out.println(date);
return "hello";
}
//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
@InitBinder
public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
true));
}

七、向前台传递参数

//pass the parameters to front-end
@RequestMapping("/show")
public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
Person p =new Person();
map.put("p", p);
p.setAge(20);
p.setName("jayjay");
return "show";
}

前台可在Request域中取到"p"

八、使用Ajax调用

//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
    @RequestMapping("/getPerson")
    public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
        pw.write("hello,"+name);
    }
    @RequestMapping("/name")
    public String sayHello(){
        return "name";
    }

前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

$(function(){
              $("#btn").click(function(){
                  $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
                      alert(data);
                  });
              });
          });

九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

//redirect
    @RequestMapping("/redirect")
    public String redirect(){
        return "redirect:hello";
    }

十、文件上传

1.需要导入两个jar包

2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

<!-- upload settings -->
    <bean id="multipartResolver"  class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
    </bean>

3.方法代码

@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
    MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
    MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
    String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
    "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
    fos.write(file.getBytes());
    fos.flush();
    fos.close();
    return "hello";
}

4.前台form表单

<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
          <input type="file" name="file"><br>
          <input type="submit" value="submit">
      </form>

十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class mvcController1 {
    @RequestMapping(value="/param")
    public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
            @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
        System.out.println(id+" "+name);
        return "/hello";
    }
}

十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

1.RestController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public class RestController {
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("get"+id);
return "/hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("post"+id);
return "/hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("put"+id);
return "/hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("delete"+id);
return "/hello";
}
}

2.form表单发送put和delete请求

在web.xml中配置

<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
<input type="submit" value="put">
</form>
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="post">
</form>
<form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
<input type="submit" value="get">
</form>
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
<input type="submit" value="delete">
</form>

十三、返回json格式的字符串

1.导入以下jar包

2.方法代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/json")
public class jsonController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/user")
public  User get(){
User u = new User();
u.setId(1);
u.setName("jayjay");
u.setBirth(new Date());
return u;
}
}

十四、异常的处理

1.处理局部异常（Controller内）

@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
mv.addObject("exception", ex);
System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
return mv;
}
@RequestMapping("/error")
public String error(){
/0;
return "hello";
}

2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）

@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice {
@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
mv.addObject("exception", ex);
System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
return mv;
}
}

3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
        <property name="exceptionMappings">
            <props>
                <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

error是出错页面

十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

1.创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
    HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
    throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion");
    }
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
    Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle");
    }
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
    Object arg2) throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle");
return true;
    }
}

2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

<!-- interceptor setting -->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
            <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

3.拦截器执行顺序

十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化

1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

public class User {public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
}
private int id;
@NotEmpty
private String name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
private Date birth;
}

ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
        id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
        name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
        birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
        <input type="submit" value="submit">
    </form:form>

ps:path对应name

4.Controller中代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/form")
public class formController {
@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
){
return "addUser";
}
return "showUser";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
map.put("user",new User());
return "addUser";
}
}

ps:

1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显

5.错误信息自定义

在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure the locale resource -->
    <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
        <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
    </bean>

6.国际化显示

在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号
password=密码

locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

创建一个locale.jsp

<body>
    <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
    <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
  </body>

在SpringMVC中配置

<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
    <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类

2.User实体类

public class User {public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
}
private int id;
@NotEmpty
private String name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
private Date birth;
}

3.UserService类

@Component
public class UserService {public UserService(){
System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
}
public void save(){
System.out.println("save");
}
}

4.UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/integrate")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping("/user")
public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
System.out.println(u);
userService.save();
return "hello";
}
}

5.Spring配置文件

在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
>
<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>

在Web.xml中添加配置

<!-- configure the springIOC -->
  <listener>
      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation"
            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
        <context:include-filter type="annotation"
            expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
    </context:component-scan>