小记一下这两天更新服务器版本遇到的各种问题。

服务器系统： Gentoo

第一天

其实本来不打算更新系统的，因为最近想试试免费的SSL证书，于是自然而然搜到了letsencrypt，跟着他们的流程需要安装

$ sudo emerge -av app-crypt/certbot app-crypt/certbot-nginx

运行了下，结果给出的错误是：

!!! The following installed packages are masked:

- sys-devel/gcc-4.4.::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

/usr/portage/profiles/package.mask:

# Michał Górny <mgorny@gentoo.org>, Andreas K. Hüttel <dilfridge@gentoo.org>,

# Matthias Maier <tamiko@gentoo.org> ( May  and later updates)

# These old versions of toolchain packages (binutils, gcc, glibc) are no

# longer officially supported and are not suitable for general use. Using

# these packages can result in build failures (and possible breakage) for

# many packages, and may leave your system vulnerable to known security

# exploits.

# If you still use one of these old toolchain packages, please upgrade (and

# switch the compiler / the binutils) ASAP. If you need them for a specific

# (isolated) use case, feel free to unmask them on your system.

- sys-libs/glibc-2.23-r3::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

- dev-perl/DBD-mysql-4.41.::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

/usr/portage/profiles/package.mask:

# Kent Fredric <kentnl@gentoo.org> ( May )

# Subject to Man-in-the-middle security bypass vulnerability.

# Retained in tree only for users who need older versions

# for compatibility reasons.

# Bug: #

- sys-devel/gcc-4.5.::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

- sys-devel/binutils-2.26.::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

For more information, see the MASKED PACKAGES section in the emerge

man page or refer to the Gentoo Handbook.

看到这个错误我还是懵的状态，不懂什么意思，然后网上一通乱搜之后，糊里糊涂的觉得是不是应该更新一下portage树，于是运行如下命令：

$ sudo emerge --sync

$ sudo emerge --depclean

$ sudo emerge --update --newuse --deep --with-bdeps=y @world

前两个命令没有报错，最后一个命令肯定是没成功的，但是的错误信息跟之前的类似，意思就是要我去更新Protage版本。

第二天

又开始来折腾了，我这不达目的不罢休的精神也是可嘉。

网上开始搜索如何更新portage

$ sudo emerge -1v portage

打开man emerge, -l 的选项意思如下

   --changelog (-l)

              Use this in conjunction with the --pretend option.  This will  show  the

              ChangeLog entries for all the packages that will be upgraded.

 

上面命令的结果还是关于 EAPI

!!! Repository 'x-portage' is missing masters attribute in '/usr/local/portage/metadata/layout.conf'

!!! Set 'masters = gentoo' in this file for future compatibility

 * IMPORTANT: 5 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'.

 * Use eselect news read to view new items.

These are the packages that would be merged, in order:

Calculating dependencies... done!

!!! All ebuilds that could satisfy "app-eselect/eselect-pinentry" have been masked.

!!! One of the following masked packages is required to complete your request:

- app-eselect/eselect-pinentry-0.7::gentoo (masked by: EAPI 7)

The current version of portage supports EAPI '6'. You must upgrade to a

newer version of portage before EAPI masked packages can be installed.

(dependency required by "app-crypt/pinentry-1.1.0-r2::gentoo" [ebuild])

(dependency required by "app-crypt/gnupg-2.2.10::gentoo" [ebuild])

(dependency required by "sys-apps/portage-2.3.51-r1::gentoo[-build,rsync-verify]" [ebuild])

(dependency required by "portage" [argument])

For more information, see the MASKED PACKAGES section in the emerge

man page or refer to the Gentoo Handbook.

参考了https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-1087032.html?sid=fc9d72cb8cbb9deac2142bfa542cc06f，照着运行了下面四个命令

sudo emerge --sync

sudo emerge -qav python

sudo USE='-rsync-verify' emerge -qavO portage

sudo emerge -qav portage

第一个命令没有什么知道参考的结果，下面从第二个命令开始

$ sudo emerge -qav python

　　

这一步虽然有warning消息提示我有几个package被masked了，但是最终python还是安装成功了，结果如下：

Password:

!!! Repository 'x-portage' is missing masters attribute in '/usr/local/portage/metadata/layout.conf'

!!! Set 'masters = gentoo' in this file for future compatibility

 * IMPORTANT: 5 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'.

 * Use eselect news read to view new items.

[ebuild     U ] sys-devel/automake-1.15.1-r2 [1.15] USE="{-test%}"

[ebuild  NS   ] dev-lang/python-3.6.5 [2.7.14-r1, 3.1.3-r1, 3.4.5-r1] USE="gdbm ipv6 ncurses readline sqlite ssl (threads) xml -build -examples -hardened -libressl {-test} -tk -wininst" 

!!! The following installed packages are masked:

- sys-devel/gcc-4.8.5::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

/usr/portage/profiles/releases/17.0/package.mask:

# Andreas K. Huettel <dilfridge@gentoo.org> (27 May 2017)

# In the 17.0 profiles we assume that our system compiler uses C++14

# or later as default language setting. This means it has to be at

# least GCC 6. If you need an older compiler for specific purposes,

# feel free to unmask it, however, using it for normal emerging of

# packages is neither recommended nor supported in any way.

- sys-devel/binutils-2.29.1-r1::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

/usr/portage/profiles/package.mask:

# Michał Górny <mgorny@gentoo.org>, Andreas K. Hüttel <dilfridge@gentoo.org>,

# Matthias Maier <tamiko@gentoo.org> (21 May 2017 and later updates)

# These old versions of toolchain packages (binutils, gcc, glibc) are no

# longer officially supported and are not suitable for general use. Using

# these packages can result in build failures (and possible breakage) for

# many packages, and may leave your system vulnerable to known security

# exploits.

# If you still use one of these old toolchain packages, please upgrade (and

# switch the compiler / the binutils) ASAP. If you need them for a specific

# (isolated) use case, feel free to unmask them on your system.

- sys-devel/gcc-4.5.4::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

- sys-libs/glibc-2.25-r10::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

For more information, see the MASKED PACKAGES section in the emerge

man page or refer to the Gentoo Handbook.

Would you like to merge these packages? [Yes/No] yes

>>> Recording dev-lang/python in "world" favorites file...

>>> Verifying ebuild manifests

>>> Emerging (1 of 2) sys-devel/automake-1.15.1-r2::gentoo

>>> Installing (1 of 2) sys-devel/automake-1.15.1-r2::gentoo

>>> Emerging (2 of 2) dev-lang/python-3.6.5::gentoo

>>> Installing (2 of 2) dev-lang/python-3.6.5::gentoo

>>> Jobs: 2 of 2 complete                          Load avg: 2.01, 1.30, 0.63

 * Messages for package dev-lang/python-3.6.5:

 * You have just upgraded from an older version of Python.

 *

 * Please adjust PYTHON_TARGETS (if so desired), and run emerge with the --newuse or --changed-use option to rebuild packages installing python modules.

!!! existing preserved libs found

 * IMPORTANT: 5 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'.

 * Use eselect news read to view new items.

然后运行

sudo USE='-rsync-verify' emerge -qavO portage

　　

结果如下，没有报错：

Password:

!!! Repository 'x-portage' is missing masters attribute in '/usr/local/portage/metadata/layout.conf'

!!! Set 'masters = gentoo' in this file for future compatibility

 * IMPORTANT: 5 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'.

 * Use eselect news read to view new items.

[ebuild     U ] sys-apps/portage-2.3.51-r1 [2.3.3] USE="(ipc) native-extensions xattr -build -doc -epydoc -gentoo-dev% -rsync-verify% (-selinux) (-linguas_ru%)" PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6* (-pypy) -python3_4* -python3_5 (-python3_7)" 

Would you like to merge these packages? [Yes/No] yes

>>> Verifying ebuild manifests

>>> Emerging (1 of 1) sys-apps/portage-2.3.51-r1::gentoo

>>> Installing (1 of 1) sys-apps/portage-2.3.51-r1::gentoo

>>> Jobs: 1 of 1 complete                          Load avg: 1.41, 1.14, 0.67

!!! existing preserved libs found

 * IMPORTANT: 5 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'.

 * Use eselect news read to view new items.

　　

继续运行最后一步：

$ sudo emerge -qav portage

完整结果输出如下：

!!! Repository 'x-portage' is missing masters attribute in '/usr/local/portage/metadata/layout.conf'

!!! Set 'masters = gentoo' in this file for future compatibility

 * IMPORTANT: 5 news items need reading for repository 'gentoo'.

 * Use eselect news read to view new items.

[ebuild  N    ] app-crypt/openpgp-keys-gentoo-release-20190102  USE="-test"

[ebuild  N    ] dev-libs/libunistring-0.9.10  USE="-doc -static-libs"

[ebuild     U ] dev-libs/libgpg-error-1.29 [1.10] USE="nls -common-lisp -static-libs"

[ebuild  N    ] dev-libs/libassuan-2.5.1  USE="-static-libs"

[ebuild  N    ] dev-libs/libksba-1.3.5-r1  USE="-static-libs"

[ebuild  N    ] app-eselect/eselect-lib-bin-symlink-0.1.1

[ebuild  N    ] app-eselect/eselect-pinentry-0.7

[ebuild  N    ] dev-libs/libtasn1-4.13  USE="-doc -static-libs -test -valgrind"

[ebuild  N    ] net-dns/libidn2-2.0.4  USE="-static-libs"

[ebuild     U ] dev-libs/libgcrypt-1.8.3 [1.4.6] USE="-doc% -o-flag-munging% -static-libs"

[ebuild  N    ] dev-libs/nettle-3.4  USE="gmp -doc (-neon) -static-libs -test" CPU_FLAGS_X86="-aes"

[ebuild  N    ] net-libs/gnutls-3.5.19  USE="cxx idn nls openssl seccomp tls-heartbeat zlib -dane -doc -examples -guile -openpgp -pkcs11 -sslv2 -sslv3 -static-libs -test (-test-full) -tools -valgrind"

[ebuild  N    ] app-crypt/pinentry-1.1.0-r2  USE="ncurses -caps -emacs -fltk -gnome-keyring -gtk -qt5 -static"

[ebuild  N    ] dev-python/bz2file-0.98  PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 (-pypy)"

[ebuild  N    ] app-crypt/gnupg-2.2.10  USE="bzip2 nls readline smartcard ssl -doc -ldap (-selinux) -tofu -tools -usb -wks-server"

[ebuild     U ] dev-python/setuptools-40.6.3 [30.4.0] USE="-test" PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6* (-pypy) (-pypy3) -python3_4* -python3_5 (-python3_7)"

[ebuild     U ] dev-python/certifi-2018.4.16 [2016.9.26] PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6* (-pypy) (-pypy3) -python3_4* -python3_5 (-python3_7)"

[ebuild  N    ] dev-python/pyblake2-1.1.2  PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6 (-pypy) (-pypy3) -python3_4 -python3_5 (-python3_7)"

[ebuild  N    ] app-portage/gemato-14.0  USE="blake2 bzip2 gpg -lzma -sha3 -test -tools" PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6 (-pypy) -python3_4 -python3_5 (-python3_7)"

[ebuild   R   ] sys-apps/portage-2.3.51-r1  USE="(ipc) native-extensions rsync-verify* xattr -build -doc -epydoc -gentoo-dev (-selinux)" PYTHON_TARGETS="python2_7 python3_6 (-pypy) -python3_4 -python3_5 (-python3_7)" 

!!! Multiple package instances within a single package slot have been pulled

!!! into the dependency graph, resulting in a slot conflict:

dev-python/setuptools:0

  (dev-python/setuptools-40.6.3:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) pulled in by

    >=dev-python/setuptools-34[python_targets_pypy(-)?,python_targets_python2_7(-)?,python_targets_python3_4(-)?,python_targets_python3_5(-)?,python_targets_python3_6(-)?,python_targets_python3_7(-)?,-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-),-python_single_target_python3_7(-)] required by (app-portage/gemato-14.0:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge)

    ^^                      ^^

    dev-python/setuptools[python_targets_pypy(-)?,python_targets_pypy3(-)?,python_targets_python2_7(-)?,python_targets_python3_4(-)?,python_targets_python3_5(-)?,python_targets_python3_6(-)?,python_targets_python3_7(-)?,-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-),-python_single_target_python3_7(-)] required by (dev-python/pyblake2-1.1.2:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge)

    dev-python/setuptools[python_targets_pypy(-)?,python_targets_pypy3(-)?,python_targets_python2_7(-)?,python_targets_python3_4(-)?,python_targets_python3_5(-)?,python_targets_python3_6(-)?,python_targets_python3_7(-)?,-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-),-python_single_target_python3_7(-)] required by (dev-python/certifi-2018.4.16:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge)

    dev-python/setuptools[python_targets_pypy(-)?,python_targets_python2_7(-)?,python_targets_python3_4(-)?,python_targets_python3_5(-)?,python_targets_python3_6(-)?,python_targets_python3_7(-)?,-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-),-python_single_target_python3_7(-)] required by (app-portage/gemato-14.0:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge)

  (dev-python/setuptools-30.4.0:0/0::gentoo, installed) pulled in by

    dev-python/setuptools[python_targets_python2_7(-),python_targets_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-)] required by (dev-python/certifi-2016.9.26:0/0::gentoo, installed)

    dev-python/setuptools[python_targets_python2_7(-),python_targets_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-)] required by (dev-python/chardet-2.3.0:0/0::gentoo, installed)

    dev-python/setuptools[python_targets_python2_7(-),python_targets_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-)] required by (dev-python/cryptography-1.7.1:0/0::gentoo, installed)

    >=dev-python/setuptools-18.2[python_targets_pypy(-)?,python_targets_pypy3(-)?,python_targets_python2_7(-)?,python_targets_python3_4(-)?,python_targets_python3_5(-)?,python_targets_python3_6(-)?,-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-)] required by (dev-python/pip-7.1.2:0/0::gentoo, installed)

dev-python/certifi:0

  (dev-python/certifi-2018.4.16:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) pulled in by

    >=dev-python/certifi-2016.9.26[python_targets_pypy(-)?,python_targets_pypy3(-)?,python_targets_python2_7(-)?,python_targets_python3_4(-)?,python_targets_python3_5(-)?,python_targets_python3_6(-)?,python_targets_python3_7(-)?,-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-),-python_single_target_python3_7(-)] required by (dev-python/setuptools-40.6.3:0/0::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge)

  (dev-python/certifi-2016.9.26:0/0::gentoo, installed) pulled in by

    dev-python/certifi[python_targets_python2_7(-),python_targets_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-)] required by (dev-python/urllib3-1.16:0/0::gentoo, installed)

    >=dev-python/certifi-2016.9.26[python_targets_python2_7(-),python_targets_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_pypy(-),-python_single_target_pypy3(-),-python_single_target_python2_7(-),-python_single_target_python3_4(-),-python_single_target_python3_5(-),-python_single_target_python3_6(-)] required by (dev-python/setuptools-30.4.0:0/0::gentoo, installed)

!!! The following installed packages are masked:

- sys-libs/glibc-2.25-r10::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

/usr/portage/profiles/package.mask:

# Michał Górny <mgorny@gentoo.org>, Andreas K. Hüttel <dilfridge@gentoo.org>,

# Matthias Maier <tamiko@gentoo.org> (21 May 2017 and later updates)

# These old versions of toolchain packages (binutils, gcc, glibc) are no

# longer officially supported and are not suitable for general use. Using

# these packages can result in build failures (and possible breakage) for

# many packages, and may leave your system vulnerable to known security

# exploits.

# If you still use one of these old toolchain packages, please upgrade (and

# switch the compiler / the binutils) ASAP. If you need them for a specific

# (isolated) use case, feel free to unmask them on your system.

- sys-devel/gcc-4.5.4::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

- sys-devel/gcc-4.8.5::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

- sys-devel/binutils-2.29.1-r1::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

For more information, see the MASKED PACKAGES section in the emerge

man page or refer to the Gentoo Handbook.

上面的错误信息我先关注到的点是：

!!! The following installed packages are masked:

- sys-libs/glibc-2.25-r10::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)　　

mask的意思如下：

package.mask

The package.mask file primarily blocks the use of  packages  that  cause

problems  or  are known to have issues on different systems.  It resides

in /usr/portage/profiles.

所以可能是这个包太旧了，过期了，所以我就更新了这个包

sudo emerge sys-libs/glibc

上述命令运行结果如下：

Calculating dependencies... done!

[ebuild     U  ] sys-libs/glibc-2.27-r6 [2.25-r10] USE="multiarch%* (-compile-locales) -doc%"

[blocks B      ] <sys-devel/bison-2.7 ("<sys-devel/bison-2.7" is blocking sys-libs/glibc-2.27-r6)

 * Error: The above package list contains packages which cannot be

 * installed at the same time on the same system.

  (sys-devel/bison-2.4.2:0/0::gentoo, installed) pulled in by

    sys-devel/bison required by (sys-apps/iproute2-3.8.0:0/0::gentoo, installed)

    sys-devel/bison required by (app-admin/sudo-1.8.1_p2:0/0::gentoo, installed)

    >=sys-devel/bison-1.875 required by (sys-devel/gcc-6.4.0-r1:6.4.0/6.4.0::gentoo, installed)

    >=sys-devel/bison-1.875 required by (sys-devel/gcc-4.5.4:4.5.4/4.5.4::gentoo, installed)

    sys-devel/bison required by (virtual/yacc-0:0/0::gentoo, installed)

    sys-devel/bison required by (dev-db/postgresql-9.0.5:9.0/9.0::gentoo, installed)

    >=sys-devel/bison-1.875 required by (sys-devel/gcc-4.8.5:4.8.5/4.8.5::gentoo, installed)

    sys-devel/bison required by (sys-libs/glibc-2.27-r6:2.2/2.2::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge)

  (sys-libs/glibc-2.27-r6:2.2/2.2::gentoo, ebuild scheduled for merge) pulled in by

    >=sys-libs/glibc-2.6 required by (sys-libs/e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.14:0/0::gentoo, installed)

    >=sys-libs/glibc-2.8 required by (sys-devel/gcc-4.8.5:4.8.5/4.8.5::gentoo, installed)

    >=sys-libs/glibc-2.7 required by (sys-apps/iproute2-3.8.0:0/0::gentoo, installed)

    >=sys-libs/glibc-2.9 required by (sys-fs/udev-151-r4:0/0::gentoo, installed)

    >=sys-libs/glibc-2.8 required by (sys-devel/gcc-4.5.4:4.5.4/4.5.4::gentoo, installed)

    sys-libs/glibc

    sys-libs/glibc required by @selected

    >=sys-libs/glibc-2.13 required by (sys-devel/gcc-6.4.0-r1:6.4.0/6.4.0::gentoo, installed)

    >=sys-libs/glibc-2.9_p20081201 required by (dev-libs/libev-4.23:0/0::gentoo, installed)

    sys-libs/glibc required by (dev-java/sun-jdk-1.6.0.29:1.6/1.6::gentoo, installed)

    >=sys-libs/glibc-2.7 required by (sys-libs/pam-1.1.3:0/0::gentoo, installed)

    sys-libs/glibc:2.2 required by (virtual/libc-0:0/0::gentoo, installed)

For more information about Blocked Packages, please refer to the following

section of the Gentoo Linux x86 Handbook (architecture is irrelevant):

https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Working/Portage#Blocked_packages

!!! The following installed packages are masked:

- sys-devel/gcc-4.5.4::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

/usr/portage/profiles/package.mask:

# Michał Górny <mgorny@gentoo.org>, Andreas K. Hüttel <dilfridge@gentoo.org>,

# Matthias Maier <tamiko@gentoo.org> (21 May 2017 and later updates)

# These old versions of toolchain packages (binutils, gcc, glibc) are no

# longer officially supported and are not suitable for general use. Using

# these packages can result in build failures (and possible breakage) for

# many packages, and may leave your system vulnerable to known security

# exploits.

# If you still use one of these old toolchain packages, please upgrade (and

# switch the compiler / the binutils) ASAP. If you need them for a specific

# (isolated) use case, feel free to unmask them on your system.

- sys-devel/gcc-4.8.5::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

- sys-devel/binutils-2.29.1-r1::gentoo (masked by: package.mask)

For more information, see the MASKED PACKAGES section in the emerge

man page or refer to the Gentoo Handbook.

红色标注的话意思是想要安装的包被 sys-devel/bison-2.7 给阻塞了，所以我打算先更新 sys-devel/bison

sudo emerge sys-devel/bison

　　

上面命令运行没报错，bison更新完了，那再次更新 glibc

sudo emerge sys-libs/glibc

　　

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