git中利用rebase来压缩多次提交 ----- 原文：https://blog.csdn.net/itfootball/article/details/44154121

之前我们用git merge –squash来将分支中多次提交合并到master后，只保留一次提交历史。但是有些提交到github远程仓库中的commit信息如何合并呢？

使用下面的命令，最后一个数字4代表压缩最后四次提交。

git rebase -i HEAD~4

该命令执行后，会弹出vim的编辑窗口，4次提交的信息会倒序排列，最上面的是第四次提交，最下面的是最近一次提交。

我们需要修改第2-4行的第一个单词pick为squash，这个意义为将最后三次的提交压缩到倒数第四次的提交，效果就是我们在pick所在的提交就已经做了4次动作，但是看起来就是一次而已：

然后我们保存退出，git会一个一个压缩提交历史，如果有冲突，需要修改，修改的时候要注意，保留最新的历史，不然我们的修改就丢弃了。修改以后要记得敲下面的命令：

git add .
git rebase --continue

如果你想放弃这次压缩的话，执行以下命令：

git rebase --abort

如果所有冲突都已经解决了，会出现如下的编辑窗口：

这个时候我们需要修改一下合并后的commit的描述信息，我们将其描述为helloworld吧：

保存退出后会看到我们完整的信息：

$ git rebase -i HEAD~4
[detached HEAD 9097684] helloworld
 Author: xuxu <xuxu_1988@126.com>
 Committer: unknown <hui.qian@HuiQianPC.spreadtrum.com>
Your name and email address were configured automatically based
on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.
You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:

    git config --global user.name "Your Name"
    git config --global user.email you@example.com

After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:

    git commit --amend --reset-author

 9 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/master.

同步到远程仓库

那么这个时候我们的github上的信息又是如何呢？

github上的提交历史还是之前的，如何更新我们压缩后的历史记录呢？

我们采用git push 试试:

To https://github.com/DoctorQ/AndroidTestScrpits.git
 ! [rejected]        master -> master (non-fast-forward)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/DoctorQ/AndroidTestScrpit
s.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind
hint: its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.
hint: 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.

被拒绝了，因为我们合并的历史记录已经在远程仓库之前了，你无法覆盖它。那怎么办？如果你确定你的合并过程都是正确无误的，那么就可以强制push：

$ git push -f
warning: push.default is unset; its implicit value is changing in
Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message
and maintain the current behavior after the default changes, use:

  git config --global push.default matching

To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:

  git config --global push.default simple

When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches
to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.

In Git 2.0, Git will default to the more conservative 'simple'
behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding
remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.

See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further information.
(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode
'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)

Counting objects: 1, done.
Writing objects: 100% (1/1), 232 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 1 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/DoctorQ/AndroidTestScrpits.git
 + 415a0be...9097684 master -> master (forced update)