Oracle 12c pdb的数据泵导入导出

12c推出了可插拔数据库，在一个容器cdb中以多租户的形式同时存在多个数据库pdb。在为pdb做数据泵导入导出时和传统的数据库有少许不同。

1，需要为pdb添加tansnames

2，导入导出时需要在userid参数内指定其tansnames的值，比如 userid=user/pwd@tnsname

数据泵导入导出例子

1、查看当前的SID，查看pdb并切换到容器数据库,这里的pluggable数据库是pdborcl

[oracle@xqzt admin]$ echo $ORACLE_SID

orcl

登录cdb，查看pdb,

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME

------------------------------

CDB$ROOT

SQL> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME              OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------

     2 PDB$SEED                      READ ONLY    NO

    3 PDBORCL                    MOUNTED

SQL> alter pluggable database all open;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME              OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------

     2 PDB$SEED                      READ ONLY  NO

    3 PDBORCL                       READ WRITE NO

切换到pdborcl

SQL> alter salter session set container=pdborcl ;

Session altered.

SQL>

2、查看示例用户scott，以后的schema级别导入导出就使用该用户的数据。

参考：Oracle 12c 添加scott用户

SQL> col tabselect owner, table_name from dba_tables where owner='SCOTT';

OWNER                   TABLE_NAME

------------------------------ ----------------------------------------

SCOTT                   SALGRADE

SCOTT                   BONUS

SCOTT                   EMP

SCOTT                   DEPT

3、单独创建一个dba权限的数据泵用户

SQL> grant dba to dp identified by dp;

Grant succeeded.

4、创建一个数据泵目录dp_dir，路径为oracle家目录

SQL> create or replace directory dp_dir as  '/home/oracle';

Directory created.

SQL> exit

5、授予dp用户在数据泵路径有读写权限

（如果是dba权限的这一步可以省略，为了试验的完整性这里保留）

SQL> grant read,write on directory dp_dir to dp;

Grant succeeded.

6、设置tnsnames.ora，增加pdborocl。SERVICE_NAME为pdb的实例名，这里为pdborcl

[oracle@xqzt admin]$ pwd

/data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin

[oracle@xqzt admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

PDBORCL =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME =pdborcl)

    )

  )

7、测试tnsnames.ora的有效性，如果返回OK (0 msec)表示配置成功

[oracle@xqzt admin]$ tnsping pdborcl

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 10-DEC-2015 09:10:34

Copyright (c) 1997, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

/data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME =pdborcl)))

OK (0 msec)

8、数据泵导出

用户名密码为dp/dp，并且通过tnsnames指向pdborcl
数据泵目录为：dp_dir, OS路径是/home/oracle
导出文件为：/home/oracle/scott_pdborcl.dmp
导出日志为：/home/oracle/scott_pdborcl.log
导出模式为scheme，也可以理解为用户：scott

[oracle@xqzt ~]$ expdp dp/dp@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl.log schemas=scott

Export: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Thu Dec 10 09:32:05 2015

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

Starting "DP"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": dp/********@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl.log schemas=scott

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKER

. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 6.023 KB 4 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.773 KB 14 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 6.023 KB 10 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows

Master table "DP"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for DP.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:

/home/oracle/scott_pdborcl.dmp

Job "DP"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Thu Dec 10 09:32:29 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:21

[oracle@xqzt ~]$

10、查看导出文件

[oracle@xqzt ~]$ ls  -l scott_pdborcl.dmp  scott_pdborcl.log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 356352 12月 10 09:32 scott_pdborcl.dmp

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   1960 12月 10 09:32 scott_pdborcl.log

11、为了测试导出文件是否能够正常导入，我们先删除pdborcl的scott用户

SQL> select count(*) from scott.DEPT;

  COUNT(*)

----------

     4

SQL> drop user scott cascade  ;

User dropped.

SQL>

此时访问该用户的表已经不存在了

SQL> select count(*) from scott.DEPT;

select count(*) from scott.DEPT

                           *

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

12、导入scott用户

[oracle@xqzt ~]$ impdp dp/dp@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl_imp.log schemas=scott

Import: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Thu Dec 10 09:39:02 2015

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

Master table "DP"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "DP"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": dp/********@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl_imp.log schemas=scott

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 6.023 KB 4 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.773 KB 14 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 6.023 KB 10 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows