python------模块定义、导入、优化 ------->xml模块

1. xml模块

引用参考原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/python-gm/p/8032465.html      谢谢

xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json差不多，但json使用起来更简单，不过，古时候，

在json还没诞生的黑暗年代，大家只能选择用xml呀，至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。

xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

 <?xml version="1.0"?>
 <data>
     <country name="Liechtenstein">
         <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
         <year>2008</year>
         <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
         <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
         <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
     </country>
     <country name="Singapore">
         <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
         <year>2011</year>
         <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
         <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
     </country>
     <country name="Panama">
         <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
         <year>2011</year>
         <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
         <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
         <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
     </country>
 </data>　　

怎样用python处理xml ?

xml协议在各个语言里都是支持的，在python中可以用以下模块操作xml.

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")   #指向需要操作的  .xml  文件
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag)

# 遍历xml文档
for child in root:
    print(child.tag, child.attrib)
    for i in child:
        print(i.tag, i.text)
print(20*'==')
# 只遍历year 节点
for node in root.iter('year'):
    print(node.tag, node.text)

运行结果：

data
country {'name': 'Liechtenstein'}
rank 2
year 2008
gdppc 141100
neighbor None
neighbor None
country {'name': 'Singapore'}
rank 5
year 2011
gdppc 59900
neighbor None
country {'name': 'Panama'}
rank 69
year 2011
gdppc 13600
neighbor None
neighbor None
========================================
year 2008
year 2011
year 2011

2）修改和删除xml文档内容

 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

 tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
 root = tree.getroot()

 #修改
 for node in root.iter('year'):
     new_year = int(node.text) + 1
     node.text = str(new_year)
     node.set("updated","yes")

 tree.write("xmltest.xml")

 #删除node
 for country in root.findall('country'):
    rank = int(country.find('rank').text)
    if rank > 50:
      root.remove(country)

 tree.write('output.xml')　　

3）自己创建xml文档

 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

 new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")
 name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})
 age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})
 sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")
 sex.text = ''
 name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})
 age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")
 age.text = ''

 et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象
 et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)

 ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式