requests模块--python发送http请求
requests模块
在Python内置模块(urllib、urllib2、httplib)的基础上进行了高度的封装,从而使得Pythoner更好的进行http请求,使用Requests可以轻而易举的完成浏览器可有的任何操作。Requests 是使用 Apache2 Licensed 许可证的 基于Python开发的HTTP 库。
requests使用
一、GET请求
向 https://github.com/timeline.json 发送一个GET请求,将请求和响应相关均封装在 ret 对象中。
1、无参数实例
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
2、有参数实例
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
import requests payload = { 'key1' : 'value1' , 'key2' : 'value2' } print ret.url print ret.text |
二、POST请求
向https://api.github.com/some/endpoint发送一个POST请求,将请求和相应相关的内容封装在 ret 对象中。
1、基本POST实例
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
import requests payload = { 'key1' : 'value1' , 'key2' : 'value2' } print ret.text |
2、发送请求头和数据实例
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
import requests import json payload = { 'some' : 'data' } headers = { 'content-type' : 'application/json' } ret = requests.post(url, data = json.dumps(payload), headers = headers) print ret.text print ret.cookies |
3、其他请求
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
requests.get(url, params = None , * * kwargs) requests.post(url, data = None , json = None , * * kwargs) requests.put(url, data = None , * * kwargs) requests.head(url, * * kwargs) requests.delete(url, * * kwargs) requests.patch(url, data = None , * * kwargs) requests.options(url, * * kwargs) # 以上方法均是在此方法的基础上构建 requests.request(method, url, * * kwargs) |
更多参数
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
def
request(method, url,
*
*
kwargs):
"""Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.
:param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
:param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
:param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
:param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
:param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': ('filename', fileobj)}``) for multipart encoding upload.
:param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
:param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data
before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
:type timeout: float or tuple
:param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Set to True if POST/PUT/DELETE redirect following is allowed.
:type allow_redirects: bool
:param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
:param verify: (optional) whether the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided. Defaults to ``True``.
:param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
:param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
:return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
:rtype: requests.Response
Usage::
>>> import requests
<Response [200]>
"""
# By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we
# avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some
# cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
with sessions.Session() as session:
return
session.request(method
=
method, url
=
url,
*
*
kwargs)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
|
def request(method, url, * * kwargs): """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`. :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`. :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`. :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': ('filename', fileobj)}``) for multipart encoding upload. :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth. :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple. :type timeout: float or tuple :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Set to True if POST/PUT/DELETE redirect following is allowed. :type allow_redirects: bool :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy. :param verify: (optional) whether the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided. Defaults to ``True``. :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded. :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair. :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object :rtype: requests.Response Usage:: >>> import requests <Response [200]> """ # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some # cases, and look like a memory leak in others. with sessions.Session() as session: return session.request(method = method, url = url, * * kwargs) |
更多详细资料
更多requests模块相关的文档见:http://cn.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/
requests模块--python发送http请求的更多相关文章
- python发送网络请求
1.使用urllib模块(使用不方便,建议使用第二种) get请求: res = urlopen(url) from urllib.request import urlopen url = 'http ...
- requests:用于发送http请求,专为人类设计
介绍 requests模块是一个专门用来发送http请求的模块 如何发送请求 import requests """ 使用requests模块发送请求非常简单 首先请求有 ...
- python发送post请求上传文件,无法解析上传的文件
前言 近日,在做接口测试时遇到一个奇葩的问题. 使用post请求直接通过接口上传文件,无法识别文件. 遇到的问题 以下是抓包得到的信息: 以上请求是通过Postman直接发送请求的. 在这里可以看到消 ...
- Python发送http请求时遇到问题总结
1.报错信息为“ERROR 'str' object has no attribute 'endwith'”,排查发现endswith方法名写错了,少了s,写成了 'endwith' if inter ...
- Python 学习之urllib模块---用于发送网络请求,获取数据
1.urllib urllib是Python标准库的一部分,包含urllib.request,urllib.error,urllib.parse,urlli.robotparser四个子模块. (1) ...
- Python 学习之urllib模块---用于发送网络请求,获取数据(5)
查询城市天气最后一节 需要导入上一节的结果city10.py #!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-import urllib.requestfrom ci ...
- Python 学习之urllib模块---用于发送网络请求,获取数据(4)
承接将查询城市编码的结果保存到文件中,以字典的形式保存,目的是为了在查询某个城市的天气的时候,能够通过输入的城市名称,找到对应的城市编码.所以此结果字典的数据结构,就是city={城市名称:城市编码} ...
- Python 学习之urllib模块---用于发送网络请求,获取数据(3)
上节内容,是得到了省/直辖市编码,如web='http://m.weather.com.cn/data5/city01',我们需要继续获取此接口的数据,于是进行下面的操作 for i in b ...
- Python 学习之urllib模块---用于发送网络请求,获取数据(2)
接着上一次的内容. 先说明一下关于split()方法:它通过指定分隔符对字符串进行切片,如果参数num 有指定值,则仅分隔 num 个子字符串(把一个字符串分割成很多字符串组成的list列表) 语法: ...
随机推荐
- 对非线程安全类List<T>的一些总结
一个项目的一个功能点,需要从接口接受返回数据,并对返回的数据进行一些业务处理,处理完成之后,添加到一个List<T>中,然后在View中循环这个List<T>,展示所有的数据. ...
- 树莓派(Raspberry Pi)搭建简单的lamp服务
树莓派(Raspberry Pi)搭建简单的lamp服务: 1. LAMP 的安装 sudo apt-get install apache2 mysql-server mysql-client php ...
- 从KRE到XRE:ASP.NET 5中正在消失的那些K
前几天写了篇博客ASP.NET 5中的那些K,刚把ASP.NET 5中的那些K搞明白了些,昨天发现微软正在让那些K消失. 首先是在 KRuntime 的git日志中发现的: * Runtime ren ...
- 使用SQL生成DateTime.Ticks
在项目中我需要使用到一个随机数(Random Number),该随机数将作为 Hashtable 中的 Key 用于唯一索引数据,所以需要保持单机唯一性. 同时该随机数还需要具备可排序性以便对数据进行 ...
- Java-字符串练习
1. 用自己的算法实现startsWith和endsWith功能. String str="dsjhajdl"; Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in) ...
- JAVA环境配置-Eclipse新建项目
首先配置安装jdk和jre 安装如下: 然后配置变量环境:右键我的电脑--属性--高级系统设置--环境变量--系统变量--找到PATH--编辑 将安装配置的jdk的目录和jdk目录下的bin目录放入其 ...
- Lua字符串库(整理)
Lua字符串库小集 1. 基础字符串函数: 字符串库中有一些函数非常简单,如: 1). string.len(s) 返回字符串s的长度: 2). string.rep(s,n) 返回 ...
- KnockoutJS 3.X API 第四章 数据绑定(5) 控制流component绑定
本节目录: 一个例子 API 备注1:仅模板式的component 备注2:component虚拟绑定 备注3:传递标记到component绑定 内存管理 一个例子 First instance, w ...
- 使用XSD校验Mybatis的SqlMapper配置文件(1)
这篇文章以前面对SqlSessionFactoryBean的重构为基础,先简单回顾一下做了哪些操作: 新建SqlSessionFactoryBean,初始代码和mybatis-spring相同: 重构 ...
- TSQL order by 子句中排序列的多种写法
Order by 子句用于对结果进行排序,执行顺序位于select子句之后,排序列有4中写法: column_name column_alias,由于order by子句的执行顺序位于select子句 ...