利用mysql的inet_aton()和inet_ntoa()函数存储IP地址的方法

原文：https://www.jb51.net/article/29962.htm

当前很多应用都适用字符串char(15)来存储IP地址（占用16个字节），利用inet_aton()和inet_ntoa()函数，来存储IP地址效率很高，适用unsigned int 就可以满足需求，不需要使用bigint，只需要4个字节，节省存储空间，同时效率也高很多

mysql> create table jackbillow (ip int unsigned, name char(1)); 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into jackbillow values(inet_aton('192.168.1.200'), 'A'), (inet_aton('200.100.30.241'), 'B'); 
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) 
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> insert into jackbillow values(inet_aton('24.89.35.27'), 'C'), (inet_aton('100.200.30.22'), 'D'); 
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) 
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from jackbillow; 
+------------+------+ 
| ip | name | 
+------------+------+ 
| 3232235976 | A | 
| 3362004721 | B | 
| 408494875 | C | 
| 1690836502 | D | 
+------------+------+ 
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from jackbillow where ip = inet_aton('192.168.1.200'); 
+------------+------+ 
| ip | name | 
+------------+------+ 
| 3232235976 | A | 
+------------+------+ 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip) from jackbillow; 
+----------------+ 
| inet_ntoa(ip) | 
+----------------+ 
| 192.168.1.200 | 
| 200.100.30.241 | 
| 24.89.35.27 | 
| 100.200.30.22 | 
+----------------+ 
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

当前很多应用都适用字符串char(15)来存储IP地址（占用16个字节），利用inet_aton()和inet_ntoa()函数，来存储IP地址效率很高，适用unsigned int 就可以满足需求，不需要使用bigint，只需要4个字节，节省存储空间，同时效率也高很多。

如果IP列有索引，可以使用下面方式查询：

mysql> select inet_aton('100.200.30.22'); 
+----------------------------+ 
| inet_aton('100.200.30.22') | 
+----------------------------+ 
| 1690836502 | 
+----------------------------+ 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from jackbillow where ip=1690836502; 
+------------+------+ 
| ip | name | 
+------------+------+ 
| 1690836502 | D | 
+------------+------+ 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip),name from jackbillow where ip=1690836502; 
+---------------+------+ 
| inet_ntoa(ip) | name | 
+---------------+------+ 
| 100.200.30.22 | D | 
+---------------+------+ 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

对于LIKE操作，可以使用下面方式：

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip) from jackbillow; 
+----------------+ 
| inet_ntoa(ip) | 
+----------------+ 
| 192.168.1.200 | 
| 200.100.30.241 | 
| 24.89.35.27 | 
| 100.200.30.22 | 
| 192.168.1.100 | 
| 192.168.1.20 | 
| 192.168.2.20 | 
+----------------+ 
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_aton('192.168.1.0'); 
+--------------------------+ 
| inet_aton('192.168.1.0') | 
+--------------------------+ 
| 3232235776 | 
+--------------------------+ 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_aton('192.168.1.255'); 
+----------------------------+ 
| inet_aton('192.168.1.255') | 
+----------------------------+ 
| 3232236031 | 
+----------------------------+ 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip) from jackbillow where ip between 3232235776 and 3232236031; 
+---------------+ 
| inet_ntoa(ip) | 
+---------------+ 
| 192.168.1.200 | 
| 192.168.1.100 | 
| 192.168.1.20 | 
+---------------+ 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select inet_ntoa(ip) from jackbillow where ip between inet_aton('192.168.1.0') and inet_aton('192.168.1.255'); 
+---------------+ 
| inet_ntoa(ip) | 
+---------------+ 
| 192.168.1.200 | 
| 192.168.1.100 | 
| 192.168.1.20 | 
+---------------+ 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)