sql: Oracle simple example table

--Oracle 9i 实例数据脚本地址:$oracle_home/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql

CREATE TABLE DEPT
       (DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY,
    DNAME VARCHAR2(14) ,
    LOC VARCHAR2(13) ) ;
CREATE TABLE EMP
       (EMPNO NUMBER(4) CONSTRAINT PK_EMP PRIMARY KEY,
    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
    MGR NUMBER(4),
    HIREDATE DATE,
    SAL NUMBER(7,2),
    COMM NUMBER(7,2),
    DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT FK_DEPTNO REFERENCES DEPT);
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (10,'ACCOUNTING','NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20,'RESEARCH','DALLAS');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (30,'SALES','CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (40,'OPERATIONS','BOSTON');
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,to_date('17-12-1980','dd-mm-yyyy'),800,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('20-2-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1600,300,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('22-2-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1250,500,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,to_date('2-4-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2975,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('28-9-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1250,1400,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,to_date('1-5-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2850,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,to_date('9-6-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2450,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,to_date('13-7-87','dd-mm-rr')-85,3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,to_date('17-11-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),5000,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('8-9-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1500,0,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,to_date('13-7-87', 'dd-mm-rr')-51,1100,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),950,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,to_date('23-1-1982','dd-mm-yyyy'),1300,NULL,10);
CREATE TABLE BONUS
    (
    ENAME VARCHAR2(10)    ,
    JOB VARCHAR2(9)  ,
    SAL NUMBER,
    COMM NUMBER
    ) ;
CREATE TABLE SALGRADE
      ( GRADE NUMBER,
    LOSAL NUMBER,
    HISAL NUMBER );
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (1,700,1200);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (2,1201,1400);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (3,1401,2000);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (4,2001,3000);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (5,3001,9999);
COMMIT;
EXIT

select rowid,emp.* from emp;
SELECT emp.empno,dept.deptno from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno and dept.deptno>=20;

SELECT * FROM EMP;

DECLARE
 v_EmpName VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
 SELECT EName Into v_EmpName FROM Scott.EMP WHERE empNo=&EmpNo;
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('当前查询的员工编号为：'||&EmpNo||'员工名称为：'||v_EmpName);
END;

--开启屏幕输出显示
--SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
--显示当前日期与时间
BEGIN
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('现在的日期时间：');
  --显示信息不换行
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT('今天是：');
  --显示信息并换行
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DAY'));
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT('现在时间是： ');
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'));
END;

--分支结构示例，演示为员工加薪
DECLARE
 --定义加薪比率常量
 c_Manager CONSTANT NUMBER:=0.15;
 c_SalesMan CONSTANT NUMBER:=0.12;
 c_Clerk CONSTANT NUMBER:=0.10;
 --定义工种变量
 v_Job VARCHAR(100);
 empNo1 NUMBER(4):=7369;
BEGIN
 --查询指定员工编码的员工信息
 SELECT job INTO v_Job FROM emp WHERE empno=empNo1;
--执行分支判断
 IF v_Job='CLERK' THEN
   UPDATE emp SET SAL=SAL*(1+c_Clerk) WHERE empno=empNo1;
 ELSIF v_Job='SALESMAN' THEN
   UPDATE emp SET SAL=SAL*(1+c_SalesMan) WHERE empno=empNo1;
 ELSIF v_Job='MANAGER' THEN
   UPDATE emp SET SAL=SAL*(1+c_Manager) WHERE empno=empNo1;
 END IF;
 --显示完成信息
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('已经为员工'||empNo1||'成功加薪!');
 EXCEPTION
 --处理PL/SQL预定义异常
 WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('没有找到员工数据');
END; 

--循环结构示例，演示循环为所有员工加薪
DECLARE
 --定义加薪比率常量
 c_Manager CONSTANT NUMBER:=0.15;
 c_SalesMan CONSTANT NUMBER:=0.12;
 c_Clerk CONSTANT NUMBER:=0.10;
 v_Job VARCHAR(100);                         --定义职位变量
 v_EmpNo VARCHAR(20);                        --定义员工编号变量
 v_Ename VARCHAR(60);                        --定义员工名称变量
 CURSOR c_Emp IS SELECT job,empno,ename from emp FOR UPDATE;
BEGIN
 OPEN c_Emp;   --打开游标
 LOOP          --循环游标
   FETCH c_Emp INTO v_Job,v_EmpNo,v_Ename;   --提取游标数据
   EXIT WHEN c_Emp%NOTFOUND;                 --如果无数据可提取退出游标
 IF v_Job='CLERK' THEN                       --如果为职员，加薪10%
   UPDATE emp SET SAL=SAL*(1+c_Clerk) WHERE CURRENT OF c_Emp;
 ELSIF v_Job='SALESMAN' THEN                 --如果为销售职员，加薪12%
   UPDATE emp SET SAL=SAL*(1+c_SalesMan) WHERE CURRENT OF c_Emp;
 ELSIF v_Job='MANAGER' THEN                  --如果为经理，加薪15%
   UPDATE emp SET SAL=SAL*(1+c_Manager) WHERE CURRENT OF c_Emp;
 END IF;
 --显示完成信息
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('已经为员工'||v_EmpNo||':'||v_Ename||'成功加薪!');
 END LOOP;
 CLOSE c_Emp;                --关闭游标
 EXCEPTION
 WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN     --处理PL/SQL预定义异常
   DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('没有找到员工数据');
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GetAddSalaryRatio(p_Job VARCHAR2)
RETURN NUMBER AS
  v_Result NUMBER(7,2);
BEGIN
 IF p_Job='CLERK' THEN                       --如果为职员，加薪10%
   v_Result:=0.10;
 ELSIF p_Job='SALESMAN' THEN                 --如果为销售职员，加薪12%
   v_Result:=0.12;
 ELSIF p_Job='MANAGER' THEN                  --如果为经理，加薪15%
   v_Result:=0.15;
 END IF;
 RETURN v_Result;
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GetAddSalaryRatioCASE(p_Job VARCHAR2)
RETURN NUMBER AS
  v_Result NUMBER(7,2);
BEGIN
  CASE p_Job                     --使用CASE WHEN语句进行条件判断
  WHEN 'CLERK' THEN              --职员
    v_Result:=0.10;
  WHEN 'SALESMAN' THEN           --销售
    v_Result:=0.12;
  WHEN 'MANAGER' THEN            --经理
    v_Result:=0.15;
  END CASE;
 RETURN v_Result;                --返回值
END;

BEGIN
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(GetAddSalaryRatio('bc'));
END;