Windows上的巧克力味Chocolatey详解

Chocolatey是什么？很简单，Chocolatey就是Windows系统的yum或apt-get。

一、Chocolatey介绍

Chocolatey是一款专为Windows系统开发的、基于NuGet的包管理器工具，类似于Node.js的npm，MacOS的brew，Ubuntu的apt-get，它简称为choco。Chocolatey的设计目标是成为一个去中心化的框架，便于开发者按需快速安装应用程序和工具。

Chocolatey的官网： https://chocolatey.org/

Chcocolatey当前最新版本为0.9.10.3版。

二、Chocolatey安装

要安装Chocolatey很容易，必须以管理员权限打开cmd.exe命令行提示，执行如下内容：

@powershell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))" && SET PATH=%PATH%;%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\chocolatey\bin

还有一种安装方法，使用PowerShell，同样必须以管理员权限打开PowerShell，执行如下命令：

iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))

三、Chocolatey用法

1、命令

search - 搜索包 choco search something
list - 列出包 choco list -lo
install - 安装 choco install baretail
pin - 固定包的版本，防止包被升级 choco pin windirstat
upgrade - 安装包的升级 choco upgrade baretail
uninstall - 安装包的卸载 choco uninstall baretail
安装Ruby Gem - choco install compass -source ruby
安装Python Egg - choco install sphynx -source python
安装IIS服务器特性 - choco install IIS -source windowsfeatures
安装Webpi特性 - choco install IIS7.5Express -source webpi

2、常用的一些命令

1）列出本地已安装的包

choco list --local-only

2）列出Windows系统已安装的软件

choco list -li

或使用

choco list -lai

3）升级所有已安装的包

choco upgrade all -y

四、Chocolatey的文件

tools\chocolateyInstall.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\choco.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\choco.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\chocolateyInstaller.psm1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\chocolateyScriptRunner.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Get-BinRoot.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Get-CheckSumValid.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Get-ChocolateyUnzip.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Get-ChocolateyWebFile.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Get-EnvironmentVariable.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Get-EnvironmentVariableNames.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Get-FtpFile.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Get-ProcessorBits.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Get-UACEnabled.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Get-VirusCheckValid.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Get-WebFile.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Get-WebHeaders.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-BinFile.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-ChocolateyDesktopLink.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-ChocolateyEnvironmentVariable.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-ChocolateyExplorerMenuItem.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-ChocolateyFileAssociation.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-ChocolateyInstallPackage.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-ChocolateyPackage.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-ChocolateyPath.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-ChocolateyPinnedTaskBarItem.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-ChocolateyPowershellCommand.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-ChocolateyShortcut.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-ChocolateyVsixPackage.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Install-ChocolateyZipPackage.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Set-EnvironmentVariable.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Start-ChocolateyProcessAsAdmin.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Test-ProcessAdminRights.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Uninstall-BinFile.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Uninstall-ChocolateyPackage.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\UnInstall-ChocolateyZipPackage.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Update-SessionEnvironment.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Write-ChocolateyFailure.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Write-ChocolateySuccess.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\helpers\functions\Write-FileUpdateLog.ps1
tools\chocolateyInstall\LICENSE.txt
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\choco.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\choco.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\chocolatey.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\chocolatey.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\cinst.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\cinst.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\clist.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\clist.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\cpack.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\cpack.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\cpush.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\cpush.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\cuninst.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\cuninst.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\cup.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\cup.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\cver.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\cver.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\redirects\RefreshEnv.cmd
tools\chocolateyInstall\tools\7za.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\tools\7za.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\tools\7za.exe.manifest
tools\chocolateyInstall\tools\7zip.license.txt
tools\chocolateyInstall\tools\checksum.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\tools\checksum.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\tools\checksum.license.txt
tools\chocolateyInstall\tools\shimgen.exe
tools\chocolateyInstall\tools\shimgen.exe.ignore
tools\chocolateyInstall\tools\shimgen.license.txt
tools\chocolateysetup.psm1
tools\init.ps1