背景介绍

上篇介绍了利用Nginx反向代理实现负载均衡，本文详细讲述Nginx下的几种负载均衡策略。

轮询

轮询，顾名思义，就是轮流请求，基于上篇文章的介绍，我们将负载均衡策略聚焦于default.conf文件的upstream。

upstream backend {

    server web02:80;

    server web03:80;

}

在浏览器中对localhost:8080连续发出请求，根据nginx请求日志可以看出web02与web03访问的次数是相同的。

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:10:03:06 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web02    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:10:03:06 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:10:03:07 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web03    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:10:03:07 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web02    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:10:05:25 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:10:05:25 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web03    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:10:05:26 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:10:05:26 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web02    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:10:05:27 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:10:05:27 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:10:05:27 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web03    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:10:05:27 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

加权轮询

加权轮询是指基于上文中的轮询，加上一定的权重，使得某个服务器被转发的次数更多一些，加权通过在IP后方拼接weight实现。

upstream backend {

    server web02:80 weight=5;

    server web03:80 weight=1;

}

weight值越大，所分配的请求就越多，根据nginx的请求日志可以看出web02被访问了8次，web03被访问了两次。

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:13 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web02    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:13 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web02    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web02    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:17 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web03    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:17 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:17 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web02    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:17 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web02    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:18 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:18 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:19 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web02    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:19 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:19 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web02    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:19 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:20 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web02    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:20 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web03    | 172.24.0.3 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:20 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2019:14:48:20 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

ip_hash

如果一个客户端的请求可能被转发到任何一台服务器，可能会导致每台服务器都缓存了该客户端的信息，比较浪费资源，ip_hash作用就是通过客户端IP的前三个部分计算出key，以便将同一个客户端的请求转发到指定的服务器中，配置的方法比较简单，只需要在upstream上方加一行代码即可。

upstream backend {

    ip_hash;

    server web02:80;

    server web03:80;

}

重复请求了5次，通过日志看出请求一直被锁定在了web03上。

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:48:15 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web03    | 172.24.0.2 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:48:15 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "172.24.0.1"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:48:22 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web03    | 172.24.0.2 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:48:22 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "172.24.0.1"

web03    | 172.24.0.2 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:48:23 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "172.24.0.1"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:48:23 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web03    | 172.24.0.2 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:48:24 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "172.24.0.1"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:48:24 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:48:24 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web03    | 172.24.0.2 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:48:24 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "172.24.0.1"

url_hash

这种模式是将url进行哈希，然后定位到具体的某一台服务器，相同的url永远会被转发到同一台服务器上。

upstream backend {

    hash $request_uri;

    server web02:80;

    server web03:80;

}

通过浏览器访问两次http://localhost:8080，通过日志可以看到转发被固定在了web03。

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:58:31 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web03    | 172.24.0.4 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:58:31 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web03    | 172.24.0.4 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:58:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:58:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

在链接后面拼接一些参数，就可以看到转发发生了变化，固定在了web02，随着参数的变化，请求也会采用轮询的方式转发给服务器，但使用过的url再访问就不会再变化了。

web02    | 172.24.0.4 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:59:54 +0000] "GET /?a=1 HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:59:54 +0000] "GET /?a=1 HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web02    | 172.24.0.4 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:59:55 +0000] "GET /?a=1 HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

web01    | 172.24.0.1 - - [27/Jun/2019:11:59:55 +0000] "GET /?a=1 HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36" "-"

Nginx多种负载均衡策略搭建的更多相关文章

  1. Nginx专题（2）：Nginx的负载均衡策略及其配置

    本文介绍了Nginx的负载均衡策略,一致性hash分配原理,及常用的故障节点的摘除与恢复配置. 文章来源:宜信技术学院 & 宜信支付结算团队技术分享第一期-宜信支付结算八方数据团队高级技术经理 ...

  2. Nginx简单介绍以及linux下使用Nginx进行负载均衡的搭建

    1.Nginx简介 Nginx是一款高性能的http 服务器/反向代理服务器及电子邮件(IMAP/POP3)代理服务器.由俄罗斯的程序设计师Igor Sysoev所开发,官方测试nginx能够支支撑5 ...

  3. nginx+tomcat负载均衡策略

    測试环境均为本地,測试软件为: nginx-1.6.0,apache-tomcat-7.0.42-1.apache-tomcat-7.0.42-2.apache-tomcat-7.0.42-3 利用n ...

  4. CentOS安装nginx以及负载均衡的搭建

    依赖环境,没有安装的需要安装一下 yum install gcc yum install pcre-devel yum install zlib zlib-devel yum install open ...

  5. [日常] nginx与负载均衡策略

    upstream mail.sina.net { #upstream的负载均衡,weight是权重,可以根据机器配置定义权重.weigth参数表示权值,权值越高被分配到的几率越大. server we ...

  6. 解析 Nginx 负载均衡策略

    转载:https://www.cnblogs.com/wpjamer/articles/6443332.html 1 前言 随着网站负载的不断增加,负载均衡(load balance)已不是陌生话题. ...

  7. 【Nginx】负载均衡-加权轮询策略剖析

    转自:江南烟雨 本文介绍的是客户端请求在多个后端服务器之间的均衡,注意与客户端请求在多个nginx进程之间的均衡相区别. 如果Nginx是以反向代理的形式配置运行,那么对请求的实际处理需要转发到后端服 ...

  8. [转载] nginx的负载均衡

    原文:http://www.srhang.me/blog/2014/08/27/nginx-loabbalance/ Nginx负载均衡 一.特点 1.1 应用情况 Nginx做为一个强大的Web服务 ...

  9. NginX——配置负载均衡

    A.            在http模块加上upstream配置 upstream www.myweb.com { server  127.0.0.1:9100 weight=3; server  ...

随机推荐

  1. vue sourcemap详解

    从webpack开始 直接进入正题.有人觉得vue项目难调试,是因为用了webpack.所有代码揉在了一起,还加了很多框架代码,根本不知道怎么下手.所以vue+webpack调试要从webpack入手 ...

  2. silverlight，WPF动画终极攻略之阳光灿烂篇（Blend 4开发）

    原文:silverlight,WPF动画终极攻略之阳光灿烂篇(Blend 4开发) 前面我们画了一只会飞动的小鸟,今天我们在目标是一个会发光的太阳.本章节的动画虽然简单,但是实现的效果可是一点也不打折 ...

  3. c#开发移动APP-Xamarin入门

    原文:c#开发移动APP-Xamarin入门 如果您在.net环境下做开发,并且对WPF技术有一定了解及应用,同时也想进入移动App开发领域,推荐使用Xamarin开发移动应用 关于Xamarin不做 ...

  4. javascript自定义事件讲解

    自定义事件 什么是自定义事件? 自定义事件:这要是跟函数有关系,就是让函数能够具备事件的某些特性 为什么要使用自定义事件? 有利于多人协作开发代码,一同开发不冲突 如何去挂载自定义事件与事件函数? 1 ...

  5. Linux性能测试 vmstat命令

    vmstat命令是最常见的Linux/Unix监控工具,可以展现给定时间间隔的服务器的状态值,包括服务器的CPU使用率,内存使用,虚拟内存交换情况,IO读写情况.这个命令是我查看Linux/Unix最 ...

  6. FastDFS是纯C语言实现，只支持Linux，适合以中小文件为载体的在线服务，还可以冗余备份和负载均衡

    一.理论基础 FastDFS比较适合以中小文件为载体的在线服务,比如跟NGINX(APACHE)配合搭建图片服务器. 分布式文件系统FastDFS FastDFS是纯C语言实现,只支持Linux.Fr ...

  7. Matlab随笔之画图函数总结

    原文:Matlab随笔之画图函数总结 MATLAB函数画图 MATLAB不但擅长於矩阵相关的数值运算,也适合用在各种科学目视表示(Scientific visualization).本节将介绍MATL ...

  8. 常用cl编译命令参数解释

    紧接前文,第一行cl命令如下: 1>  cl /c /IC:\...\include /ZI /nologo- /W3 /WX- /sdl /Od /Oy- /D WIN32 /D _DEBUG ...

  9. MVC 添加数据的三种方法

    1 通过Request接收数据,进行添加 <%@ Page Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<d ...

  10. 通通WPF随笔（1）——基于lucene.NET让ComboBox拥有强大的下拉联想功能

    原文:通通WPF随笔(1)--基于lucene.NET让ComboBox拥有强大的下拉联想功能 我一直很疑惑百度.谷哥搜索框的下拉联想功能是怎么实现的?是不断地查询数据库吗?其实到现在我也不知道,他们 ...