oracle 12c连接pdb

12c中，如何连接pluggable database：

1. 使用默认的service连接pdb，创建pdb之后，在监听中自动添加以pdb为名的service；
2. 用户在cluster中创建service，用户使用srvctl命令创建一个service并且关系到pdb上；
3. 使用命令alter session set container=pdb；
4. 使用Enterprise Manager Express。

 1. 使用默认service连接pdb：

　　当创建pdb之后，使用lsnrctl status命令可以看到多了一个以pdb为名的service，如下的pdb01：

[oracle@ora12c ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAY-2017 15:33:43

Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora12c)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                12-MAY-2017 15:32:16
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 26 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ora12c/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ora12c)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "4d852a2714024610e0537838a8c07c53" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "db12g" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "db12gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdb01" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "db12g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

　　这里修改tnsname.ora这个文件，添加一个pdb的记录，就可以连接pdb：

[oracle@ora12c admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER_DB12G =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c)(PORT = 1521))

DB12G =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = db12g)
    )
  )

pdb01 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora12c)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = pdb01)
    )
  )

　　使用该service进行连接：

[oracle@ora12c admin]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@pdb01

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri May 12 15:47:26 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB01

2. 使用srvctl命令在群集中添加服务连接pdb（这种方式应用于RAC环境）：

　　创建service，其中cdb名称为cpdb，pdb名称为pdb01，service为das，首选节点实例名称为cpdb1，次选节点实例名称为cpdb2：

[oracle@node1 bin]$ srvctl add service -d cpdb -s das -pdb pdb01 -preferred cpdb1 -available cpdb2

　　查看创建的service：

[oracle@node1 bin]$ srvctl config service –d <databasename> -s <servicename>

　　同样添加tnsname.ora记录：

das =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan-ip)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = das)
    )
  )

　　启动service：

[oracle@nsnode1 bin]$ srvctl start service -d cpdb -service das

　　测试连接：

SQL> connect sys/oracle@das AS SYSDBA

Connected.

SQL> SHOW CON_ID;

CON_ID

3

SQL> SHOW CON_NAME;

CON_NAME

PDB01

3. 使用命令进行切换：

[oracle@node1 bin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Wed May 12 14:56:27 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle. All rights reserved. 

Connected to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME

CDB$ROOT

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = PDB01;

Session altered.

SQL> SHOW CON_NAME;

CON_NAME

PDB01

4.使用Enterprise Manager Express进行连接：

　　在使用之前检查是否为EM配置了端口，需要为EM配置端口：

SQL> select dbms_xdb_config.gethttpsport from dual;

GETHTTPSPORT
------------
           0

SQL> exec dbms_xdb_config.sethttpsport(5500);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select dbms_xdb_config.gethttpsport from dual;

GETHTTPSPORT
------------
        5500

　　切换到pdb，为pdb配置EM端口：

SQL> alter session set container = pdb01;

Session altered.

SQL> select dbms_xdb_config.gethttpport from dual;

 GETHTTPPORT

       5051

　　然后使用EM和配置的端口连接pdb。