ORM字段操作

django orm 建表字段

　在django modle 中，我们定义的类，他的对象就是数据库表中的一行数据！！！

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　django orm 基础

一：modle的各个字段：

在python中以code first，所以在python中用类和对象，来调用底层数据库API来操作数据库。

1：创建数据库：

数据库配置写在：子应用的：modles.py配置文件中。

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" alt="" />

需要注意的时候app需要注册。在setting中。

aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />

默认情况下，使用的数据库是sqllite3.

aaarticlea/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAgEAAACYCAIAAADycq2UAAAQN0lEQVR4nO3dP2/bSB7GcRfXGFepuIMqVa6Gt1gkWyzW2wUwFmrvsCCwqwMWMNjtCkscgqTxyWrPuNIu0qlzClUHKK9AaTYv6gpKw5nf/CElUxLt+X4QBImkoYYUNc9wSHHOfvzxxwwAkKQzMgAAkkUGAEC6yAAASBcZAADpIgMAIF1kAACkiwwAgHSRAQCQLjIAANJFBgBAusgAAEgXGQAA6SIDACBdZAAApIsMAIB0kQEAkC4yAADSRQYAQLrIgIPL79aPq+X0Sp26IgAgeTJAXd3cr9YfP33Wfx4XN/rZ6aJ+aj5RkVIfP31+XD3kSsVKTR5CRSKlKm/eLutn7x4e7669CxT195Y6HKWu58YaAUCv+I8DRMv15u3SbEazLJsultPJzb3xoLq6ua9a4avN427z55YyX1+/l90u+0tNHnSVlLqer9a6lFig+d9IqRAzM8w/92/H8YLGu5ABAHqqVQZkWZbfrXVPXLeq00U9xNGYAd5SmS8DzOY1VErEkpo8uBlQLcpcfqTUgZABAPqsbQaYTbPOA9nyRjPAWypzBpHEAUeoVGb30GVsbBfo9tZDpQ6EDADQZztngFLXc+v0gGzgRL++XmCglGcsaPvWje9lPOUZCxKHFPFSIU8ZC6rSyD2TAQA9sfNYkNsmitbQmwGRUu7r27xXZEDJW4HGUgfCcQCAPmuVAZHTvKKrnvka1ngpzync1XJ6peKlpou1GNmPhIpu+iOlDoQMANBn7a4NrRplZ5xd99PdF+irPOOlfvvNcynnfNL8XtPFcn63FO+Vha4NXekM8Jc6HDIAQJ/xG7HDIgMA9BkZcHD8ThhAb5EBAJAuMgAA0kUGAEC6yAAASBcZAADpIgMAIF1kAACkiwwAgHSRAQCQLjIAANJFBgBAusgAAEhXXzJgVMzObm/P88vQC9S4OLu9PSva3u5fqfFgNju7va3+DMb737JNXebn1aJmxWjHO4A2rtceuAkdgK70JQMu8rKxpVbjon0GjIpZty2vUuOBLwMu8jLyRm3Wa8dqcDNqAJ3pSwaocXE2K4eXXWZAhy1vtm8GtFmvHatBBgDoTG8y4DI/97WVw3I7njMrRkYGiKEesxWuut7WH12qGlDaLLB+u6pItRA98iMixM2AeozIt8z4emVZlt+tW85Nb1eDDADQmb5kgNewrMdzxPmAYWl1881XVrzHAUqNR9sH1WV+brTpojvvFt/vOCCCDABwcv3NAHWZn9sjP+ZYkOyA396elbn5Yn8GiJ77STNgD9U0y/MJAQCgG882A+wW3+XNgIExLCPa9GeRARnHAQA61d8MyLJsWIome6YzQFz2o8ZFm+MAc/BnVMzM4wBzCd6LedpkwEVetr9+lLEgACfX6wwQQzeDojDHfOrTxc6ojhgmstro+kRxMZjNzLO49QLL3Lyu33ojZ9zJOjvddHRiIgMAnFyvMwAuMgBAh8iA54ffCQPoChkAAOkiAwAgXWQAAKSrFxnw7bffnroKAJAiMgAA0kUGAEC6yAAASBcZAADpIgMAIF1kAACkiwwAgHSRAdjTqJi1n94ZyDbTa7e9uTqOI8UMMO8L/ex0XvnGBYpZPK2Cvc8As/LVmrqzSsTtV6rNMg+0B4Y+ryOob/YeaOi7zQDz3vLuB/Ssv+bHlGIGuFPEWHPN25MEVHuS3nHNOQbMpW0nKsj1PDOhaQwiC4xUI1L5zreGy5zB7dkxK++dWajRfqXiDjr93Gk/r9BsSxF7bA01LvTkH+oyPzcmAtHL7Dy8X6QUM8Dce+oHL3Nzfkrzv5tWe/ulMr9gF3lpttHDcia6Od7vQ2SBkWpEKv8UbRZIBpABO7z7UTJA8Ez+2vU35aVKMgN8vQbd2la7o8iAwXis5yLWX7A2+3ooA7wLjFcjUvnKnhOTBRZYH6DMipFRQ3v6NqugdRxjTt083kwAV5e1Wyj9+Hl+Wf1bf5/tqd/arlqo8lVL4R7MxUVKhVbZ82xROPNX53oGOt0CWtPSmY+33oZilTPd59hOxteytY2Uqp+q3sszs57c50PDRGKuQLnnBLaGEPxGkwEtpJgBXua+KHa1qgnQXf46A5xZ7z2LDWaAZ4HxajTaLwO8huVMtj6+NR0Vdgao8WjbdqvL3Jy9uVovvcxhWffazPcaltbsnqNiZjYuLc9ARCovxojFYVxIpFRklcXk0mL+ap3xA/tTNreMXJd221CssrV3qfFgNmuzX0VKmZ+Cd9+I9I3aTMptimwNXdCbvmiPDNgQHXDzKX2YWe2C3gwIdVcjGeAuMF6No3GzLTS2IDNA9OlEBtitebUF5NiXqg+PsiwbOA30sGwatopWflTIRqTNOE+kVGSV41W9yMvzsnQbL9kpNrrYsW0Y/bysQ7fWU157S7kHphd5ebgMiGwNa7F0+Z+ADNhwd27N/sKXw9zIADFQ4+zi8QwQC4xX42j2zoCBPIrfOQMyu+k8RAaIFl+sglekVGSVGzPgrMzdA5HIp793Boh12eNUgS7lP0F1uAxo/V141qesTosM2Ig0RmYTsOnvB/qVu2aAu8B4mxjX6ViQMybbIgPOw0MfofYrs4/3L/JSjAXJy7fsaoiz642VHxUzeaLC3treBUZKRVZZtO+ir6pbPdGPlnuU8V7RbRhbZXOB3sNc7yqHSpkfunffeGIGmGNoka1hDUm1HuPKskyprz68e/Xl/esPzMidZRkZUPFflDkrh5fKOv2llLvTW4fMoZOZ7rWhvgVGqtFmLTrMADHEMSjkeb+KyAB7QKwYzDZNZ71es2Kk6k1abRDrvF+Ze5oz30jLtgKe9itU+c3Z5tx4tsUC46VCq+x5Vpzn2K6+eT7cfEfxXg3bMPx5mad2Ax9iIPYCpTzv5b1ewC4YecrdB8yaeLeGW8n2A6fq6usv71//7x9/a/n6F48MwP7aDKTsqv1xD/rg2Q3CFL+8+uPd1wW/Vd4iA7Ancf62m2Xal9ag/55dBsx/fcVBgIkMwG7MY/OufjllXNveu4OAby6/qf7+53+vX9K/G9e6cTmvfvjpL3oA518/HbP+XX24yMgAIC6//fm7H75/eX9HVvnkdWv8+2iffgrIACCmPz33bv8dcfK6PbH+2AkZAADpIgMAIF1kAACkiwwAgHSRAQCQLjIAANJFBgBAusgAAEgXGYBnIL9bP9413N5AUJOHx9VDzq2H4FDjwr1lbLJSzAAxNeCp9KQaR/Dm7fKJN7U+cgaoq5t78iOqce81p5msXtzV3aUaheYuturWXQaYN9N21zG0oaaL5bQfExikmAHVXd3NT2tzI/LtbiFmDw/dJa16XEy1UZXyzwTgTsJ3xC/Gcbx5u/S29aHH+ym/W+vaqsnDx0+fzT9mtEwXa/34fCI/yir8Ns/ePVQx5i7w46fPj4ubeJXU1c39ah0qYr5R9aeqv6fyO0ZpSJu9Nz6D26FFprIJ2WMCVzUu9I0OvVNahjaUmjw0fujHkWIGmB+bJmbScO+IOyzL4did/HZmTyFb/1fOlOudhK9/t8l8oheQAe5BgLq6ubcbXNGSThfL6cR6TWZ/yZW6nq/qQxmxQPHfYMXU9dyo2Ju3S9GIiBd4Fz5drLuZZajF3ptCBgjuaoY2lFLX81UvDgWSzABfXI+K2WBc3xBfZIBuwZ1ZroqBntZ1XJwVxcDJgGrH8mRAeCLsPWYEM3uCooWqlqZ7o42Lrfq288n1fNvxNNsas2v5aOzEno6q8WyVAbrX3LI3avayH50vTGiVdU3EWFBV88fFTbwabhPvZoC5DfWz4uhetNFq8uBmQLWo/TIgy7L8bm0efLTJALMaTxHae43bgBcjJwPEEXYb5mRhg6Iw22hrSr6xnOrOmwGhYSIxOZq4jbmYzy6UE95tEv+a96FjlGIGeFX7qJ4DVmTAyGrozVlMi9G2cR8V5fBybGXAdr/ZtXOxawbkd2uzuTFHz62mR13PV612u6oCun0xmzOlrvOJ2e5bjU7kOMBco+li7Y6cNFXJamEjq6zr6W8QjS3grYb7zRTxJnrfuiF2m1czpWRsbBfY/lN210imUVMGVDvArlu+vWFZT+prng/InGFxMdlyiPN1mxnTGs+so3Z3StHuprY3p7wWq1mvzu6zX7hHcidBBmzoVr76gOXOZ+yvw3Lbym/3JD1MZO5b4jjgoJWfO3uS2Se1etPt9jm3HdRNsGwQW2eA+bjowLarkpUB8VXO2nWKvdVwR0s8Y0HbJSt1PbdGWoJnkqcLz1jQTkNk+2fAKnbSoivqMj8XrbB9HODOZd9mdMiaT3j7NXSPqi/y8nAZIA8RAscxkS6/FxlQ61UGbD7IvN59Q7PD6z2p6oYMxsqbAUfQ2CBqLS+wcRtH/Yg5iNnYKoUe73MG+I8DAn3/0MlYT33M/ni7wR/h6WNBB210GjNAtPh7TEat+/7+s2uHy4DWX+SdZtYkA2q9yoBMN/rV3ubsLvqwwP9UOAPaz5a+x1iQ1RYYgxKiRXPb6Oq93FMIZgffbEfMwR/xMrF8s7/cmAHeatgvkGNBoVXePLJvBjSeD1BXN/er5fRKuW9hHhZMF2txPqC+1sjJgDZXCoq3cxfSZpXF2in11Yd3r768f/2hi5OTztmymTUWZI6wjwvRlRYXZegHxXV3xlhQ8L2MB/fPgIu81OcMRDXMyltDUvZoVaPQ+YBuP5RGZECWiZNLSuldyh3Tr48J/v3+T6GnZuVf/+67NrT1ceKuGVCN83rHZ8wTwt6xoFAGzO/8537tM7EP89X6UR4ZyDPJukj1LrpKIhV2yoDIKptjX2ZN9Nns6sXeamTOSQ7vpZzziXLH9OvVXC2nV2q6WM7vlm4N/deGNl0i0njKvfHaUJ1200Wd3Orq6y/vX3c1x7o4szooNudpq/GcQW486zTBoQwIjcB43mtb1ho+sgtGnsrEuV/ZgTMK2pU3K9k+ACLXBXX7oTQiA+Cxx1jNoYkMOPB79eKCjSMofnn1x7uvi+f/a7idBmH6IPL7gCN/KGQAPPqWAUe+mDqd3wnPf311tP7mQT27DIiM/h35QyEDINWXz5/6NyzxX+HiZWs5y/zkP7//WQ/gzH8/5uz2p9kuXSMDgF5wR/zbny14kfLbn7/74fs+/33qLdQNMgBAHx2zR7/fv1+GXmQAAOAkyAAASBcZAADpIgMAIF1kAACkiwwAgHSRAQCQLjIAANJFBgBAunqRAdUdbhO5UyMA9EcvMiDbd2YlAMBTkAEAkC4yAADS1acMSGPWDgDoj75kQLaZgjzF+6QDwKn0JQM4DgCA4+tTBnA+AACOiwwAgHSRAQCQrl5kAL8TBoCT6EUGAABOggwAgHSRAQCQLjIAANJFBgBAusgAAEgXGQAA6SIDACBdZAAApIsMAIB0kQEAkC4yAADSFcwA7uMGAC9e7DiA+zkDwMtGBgBAusgAAEhXUwYwzzsAvFwN1wW9ebt8XC2nV8QAALxAHAcAQLo4HwAA6SIDACBdZAAApIvfCQNAurhfEACkiwwAgHSRAQCQLjIAANJFBgBAusgAAEgXGQAA6fo/lFvcy/dzQY0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="" />

创建类：

 

 1 from django.db import models
 2
 3 # Create your models here.
 4 class Userinfo(models.Model):
 5     '''
 6     功能：该类主要功能是创建用户的信息表格。
 7     '''
 8     user=models.CharField(max_length=12)
 9     password=models.CharField(max_length=40)
10     ipone_num=models.CharField(max_length=12)
11
12
13 class Hostinfo(models.Model):
14     '''
15     功能：该类为用户录入主机数据表格。
16     '''
17     host=models.CharField(max_length=32)
18     address=models.CharField(max_length=32,default="马驹桥机房")
19     ip=models.CharField(max_length=34)
20     stat=models.CharField(max_length=32)
21     prot=models.CharField(max_length=32)
22     service=models.CharField(max_length=32,default='商城业务')
23     department=models.CharField(max_length=32,default="应用运维")
24     mac_info=models.CharField(max_length=32,default="00-av-tv-cctv")
25     pingpai=models.CharField(max_length=32,default="IBM")
26     sn=models.CharField(max_length=32,default="dad13sda")

 

类中各个字段含义：

 

 1         1、models.AutoField　　自增列 = int(11)
 2         　　如果没有的话，默认会生成一个名称为 id 的列，如果要显示的自定义一个自增列，必须将给列设置为主键 primary_key=True。
 3         2、models.CharField　　字符串字段
 4         　　必须 max_length 参数
 5         3、models.BooleanField　　布尔类型=tinyint(1)
 6         　　不能为空，Blank=True
 7         4、models.ComaSeparatedIntegerField　　用逗号分割的数字=varchar
 8             input:  12，345，989871234，
 9
10         　　继承CharField，所以必须 max_lenght 参数
11         5、models.DateField　　日期类型 date
12         　　对于参数，auto_now = True 则每次更新都会更新这个时间；auto_now_add 则只是第一次创建添加，之后的更新不再改变。
13         6、models.DateTimeField　　日期类型 datetime
14         　　同DateField的参数
15         7、models.Decimal　　十进制小数类型 = decimal
16         　　必须指定整数位max_digits和小数位decimal_places
17         8、models.EmailField　　字符串类型（正则表达式邮箱） =varchar
18         　　对字符串进行正则表达式
19         9、models.FloatField　　浮点类型 = double
20         10、models.IntegerField　　整形
21         11、models.BigIntegerField　　长整形
22         　　integer_field_ranges = {
23         　　　　'SmallIntegerField': (-32768, 32767),
24         　　　　'IntegerField': (-2147483648, 2147483647),
25         　　　　'BigIntegerField': (-9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807),
26         　　　　'PositiveSmallIntegerField': (0, 32767),
27         　　　　'PositiveIntegerField': (0, 2147483647),
28         　　}
29         12、models.IPAddressField　　字符串类型（ip4正则表达式）
30         13、models.GenericIPAddressField　　字符串类型（ip4和ip6是可选的）
31         　　参数protocol可以是：both、ipv4、ipv6
32         　　验证时，会根据设置报错
33         14、models.NullBooleanField　　允许为空的布尔类型
34         15、models.PositiveIntegerFiel　　正Integer
35         16、models.PositiveSmallIntegerField　　正smallInteger
36         17、models.SlugField　　减号、下划线、字母、数字
37         18、models.SmallIntegerField　　数字
38         　　数据库中的字段有：tinyint、smallint、int、bigint
39         19、models.TextField　　字符串=longtext
40         20、models.TimeField　　时间 HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]]
41         21、models.URLField　　字符串，地址正则表达式
42         22、models.BinaryField　　二进制
43
44         23、models.ImageField   图片    字符串
45         24、models.FilePathField 文件   字符串

 

需要注意的是：

1 models.DateField　　日期类型 date 对于参数，auto_now = True 则每次更新都会更新这个时间；auto_now_add 则只是第一次创建添加，之后的更新不再改变。

根绝自己的需要来定义这个字段和使用相应的参数。

1 class Title(models.Model):
2     title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
3     add_date=models.DateField(auto_now=True)#表示该表进行数据的插入的时候时间，当前行的数据插入的时间。
4     update_date=models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)#表示该表的该行数据进行更新的时候，记录时间。

还有字段：models.ImageField  和、models.FilePathField在数据库中保存的是图片和文件的的路径。

默认情况下，如果我们不指定创建 自增列（主键）的话，在数据库中，默认会给我们创建一个名为：id的自增列。

更多参数：

 

 1 1、null=True
 2 　　数据库中字段是否可以为空
 3 2、blank=True
 4 　　django的 Admin 中添加数据时是否可允许空值
 5 3、primary_key = False
 6 　　主键，对AutoField设置主键后，就会代替原来的自增 id 列
 7 4、auto_now 和 auto_now_add
 8 　　auto_now   自动创建---无论添加或修改，都是当前操作的时间
 9 　　auto_now_add  自动创建---永远是创建时的时间
10 5、choices
11 GENDER_CHOICE = (
12         (u'M', u'Male'),
13         (u'F', u'Female'),
14     )
15 gender = models.CharField(max_length=2,choices = GENDER_CHOICE)
16 6、max_length
17 7、default　　默认值
18 8、verbose_name　　Admin中字段的显示名称
19 9、name|db_column　　数据库中的字段名称
20 10、unique=True　　不允许重复
21 11、db_index = True　　数据库索引
22 12、editable=True　　在Admin里是否可编辑
23 13、error_messages=None　　错误提示
24 14、auto_created=False　　自动创建
25 15、help_text　　在Admin中提示帮助信息
26 16、validators=[]
27 17、upload-to
28
29 更多参数

 

可以给我们的列设置默认值。default=''

1 email = models.EmailField()            # string,帮助admin做输入验证，modelform

创建完，类，我们进行数据库的创建：执行如下2条命令！

1 python manage.py makemigrations
2 python manage.py migrate

choices：比如说性别：要么是男要么是女。如果有如下表：

 

1 class Gender(models.Model):
2     name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
3
4 class   User_type(models.Model):
5     user_type=models.CharField(max_length=32)
6     nid=models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
7     phone_num=models.IntegerField()
8     phone_num_1=models.IntegerField()
9     gender=models.ForeignKey('Gender')

 

因为性别是不会改变的。如果按如上的操作，用户类型和性别表建立多对一的情况，那么在我们查询的时候，会给数据库增加压力，这时候我们可以考虑用choices。用元组来表示这个字段，用0、1来表示性别。用内存储存的元组的来

减少表的跨表查询。

 

 1 gender_choices=(
 2     (0,'男'),
 3     (1,'女'),
 4 )
 5
 6 class   User_type(models.Model):
 7     user_type=models.CharField(max_length=32)
 8     nid=models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
 9     phone_num=models.IntegerField()
10     phone_num_1=models.IntegerField()
11     gender=models.IntegerField(choices=gender_choices)#前端页面显示的是男女，而实际上数据库记录的是：0和1，减少数据库的连表操作。

 

2：django中如果我们想修改，表结构，比如增加一个列，在之前的sqlalchemy中只能借助于第三的模块或者工具，但是在django中，不需要。只需要再执行如下命令既可修改表结构：

1 1 python manage.py makemigrations
2 2 python manage.py migrate

但是在执行如下的命令的时候，需要在对应的类（表）中设置相应的default的值。否则会报错。需要注意的是：报如下错误，前提是该数据库已经插入数据！！！否则不会报错。

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" alt="" />

解决方法：在相应的类中增加的列的中，填写默认数据：default="值"，在运行命令的时候不会报错。

1 class Title(models.Model):
2     title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
3     add_date=models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)#表示该表进行数据的插入的时候时间，当前行的数据插入的时间。
4     update_date=models.DateField(auto_now=True)#表示该表的该行数据进行更新的时候，记录时间。
5     content=models.CharField(max_length=200,default="大话西游，永恒的经典！")

1 Hostinfo.objects.filter(id=val).values(id)
2 Hostinfo.objects.filter(id=val).value_list(id,email)

value:获取结果不是对象的列表的集合。内部小元素是字典，而是列表中嵌套字典。[{'id':2},{'id':1}]

valuelist:是获取元组的集合内嵌套元组，内部小元素是元组。（（2,'1@qq.com'），（1,'2@qq.com'））　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

学习是一种态度，坚持是质变的利器！