【第九课】MriaDB密码重置和慢查询日志

目录

• 1、如何进行修改MariaDB的密码
• 2、Mariadb的慢查询日志

1、如何进行修改MariaDB的密码

记得root密码的修改方式：

[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password "123123"
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 37
Server version: 10.1.20-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye

忘记root密码的修改方式

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
[mysqld]	#在mysqld段中增加skip-grant-tables，跳过授权表
server_id=1111
log-bin=mysql-bin
skip-grant-tables
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb	#重启mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 10.1.20-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> desc user;
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+----------+-------+
| Field                  | Type                              | Null | Key | Default  | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+----------+-------+
| Host                   | char(60)                          | NO   | PRI |          |       |
| User                   | char(80)                          | NO   | PRI |          |       |
| Password               | char(41)                          | NO   |     |          |       |
| Select_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Insert_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Update_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Delete_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Create_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Drop_priv              | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Reload_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Shutdown_priv          | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Process_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| File_priv              | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Grant_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| References_priv        | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Index_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Alter_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Show_db_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Super_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Create_tmp_table_priv  | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Lock_tables_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Execute_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Repl_slave_priv        | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Repl_client_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Create_view_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Show_view_priv         | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Create_routine_priv    | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Alter_routine_priv     | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Create_user_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Event_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Trigger_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| ssl_type               | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO   |     |          |       |
| ssl_cipher             | blob                              | NO   |     | NULL     |       |
| x509_issuer            | blob                              | NO   |     | NULL     |       |
| x509_subject           | blob                              | NO   |     | NULL     |       |
| max_questions          | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0        |       |
| max_updates            | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0        |       |
| max_connections        | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0        |       |
| max_user_connections   | int(11)                           | NO   |     | 0        |       |
| plugin                 | char(64)                          | NO   |     |          |       |
| authentication_string  | text                              | NO   |     | NULL     |       |
| password_expired       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| is_role                | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N        |       |
| default_role           | char(80)                          | NO   |     |          |       |
| max_statement_time     | decimal(12,6)                     | NO   |     | 0.000000 |       |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+----------+-------+
46 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [mysql]> update user set password=password("123456") where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [mysql]> quit;
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
删除/etc/my.cnf里面的skip-grant, 重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 10.1.20-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> quit;
Bye

2、Mariadb的慢查询日志

为什么要配置慢查询日志？

其目的是为了帮助我们分析MariaDB的瓶颈点，或者说是业务的瓶颈点。任何一个动态网站都会有读取和写入到数据库的操作，如果其中有一个脚本或SQL语句执行特别慢，那么带来的现象可能是用户访问站点时出现卡顿，或者响应较慢。那么为了去分析慢查询，就可以启用慢查询日志的方式。

如何配置慢查询？？

• （1）进入MariaDB里面进行执行：
  • show variables like "slow%";
  • show variables like "datadir";
  • show variables like "long%";
• （2）编辑/etc/my.cnf进行配置
• （3）重启服务
• （4）模拟慢查询
• （5）查看慢查询日志

（1）进入MariaDB里面进行执行

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 16
Server version: 10.1.20-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "slow%";	#查看慢查询相关的配置
+---------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name       | Value              |
+---------------------+--------------------+
| slow_launch_time    | 2                  |	#慢查询运行时间配置
| slow_query_log      | OFF                |	#是否开启慢查询
| slow_query_log_file | localhost-slow.log |	#慢查询日志文件名称，存在于datadir中
+---------------------+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "datadir";	#查看datadir路径
+---------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value           |
+---------------+-----------------+
| datadir       | /var/lib/mysql/ |
+---------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "long%";	#查询时间配置
+-----------------+-----------+
| Variable_name   | Value     |
+-----------------+-----------+
| long_query_time | 10.000000 |
+-----------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（2）编辑/etc/my.cnf进行配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf		#修改my.cnf配置慢查询日志
[mysqld]
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
slow_query_log = ON		#开启慢查询记录
slow_query_log_file = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-slow.log		#配置慢查询日志文件路径
long_query_time = 2		#配置查询时间超过2s进行记录

（3）重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

（4）模拟慢查询
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p		#重新登录，运行select进行验证记录
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 10.1.20-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> select sleep(5);
+----------+
| sleep(5) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (5.00 sec)

（5）查看慢查询日志
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql-slow.log 	#查看慢查询日志
/usr/libexec/mysqld, Version: 10.1.20-MariaDB (MariaDB Server). started with:
Tcp port: 0  Unix socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Time                 Id Command    Argument
# Time: 190218 11:43:05
# User@Host: root[root] @ localhost []
# Thread_id: 3  Schema:   QC_hit: No
# Query_time: 5.002032  Lock_time: 0.000000  Rows_sent: 1  Rows_examined: 0
# Rows_affected: 0
SET timestamp=1550461385;
select sleep(5);	#提示慢查询的运行指令

同时，还可以使用show processlist;和show full processlist;进行查看慢查询队列

show processlist; 查看所有的队列；可以查看数据库中有些什么查询和查询量的多少，如果查询量超过100都会比较慢，此时就需要进行优化。

show full processlist; 和上面有什么区别呢？如果有1个语句特别长，info列，只会显示一部分，使用这个命令时，就可以显示完整的信息。

MariaDB [(none)]> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+----------+
| Id | User | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State | Info             | Progress |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+----------+
|  3 | root | localhost | NULL | Query   |    0 | init  | show processlist |    0.000 |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show full processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+----------+
| Id | User | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State | Info                  | Progress |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+----------+
|  3 | root | localhost | NULL | Query   |    0 | init  | show full processlist |    0.000 |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)