Linux系统运维之MYSQL数据库集群部署(主从复制)

一、介绍

　　　　Mysql主从复制，前段时间生产环境部署了一套主从复制的架构，当时现找了很多资料，现在记录下

二、拓扑图

三、环境以及软件版本

主机名	IP	操作系统	角色	软件版本
MysqlDB_Master	192.168.0.1	CentOS release 7.1	Master	Mysql 5.6.36
MysqlDB_Slave	192.168.0.2	CentOS release 7.1	Slave	Mysql 5.6.36

四、源码安装

　　　　之前都是yum直接安装的，这次尝试使用源码安装，安装包如下：

• mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz
• cmake-3.8.1.tar.gz

　　　　首先安装前提环境：

[root@MysqlDB_Master soft] yum  groupinstall 'Development tools' -y
[root@MysqlDB_Master soft] tar -xf cmake-3.8.1.tar.gz
[root@MysqlDB_Master soft] cd cmake-3.8.1
[root@MysqlDB_Master cmake-3.8.1] ./bootstrap
[root@MysqlDB_Master cmake-3.8.1] gmake && gmake install

　　　　安装mysql：

[root@MysqlDB_Master soft] tar -xf mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz
[root@MysqlDB_Master soft] cd  mysql-5.6.36
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/opt/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/opt/mysql/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] make && make install

　　　　mysql配置相关：

[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] mkdir -p /data/opt/mysql/{3306,binlog,tmp}
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] chown -R mysql.mysql /data/opt/mysql
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.conf
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] vim /etc/my.conf
===================================
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/opt/mysql/3306/mysql.sock

#The MySQL Server
[mysqld]
server-id=209
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sync_binlog=1
port = 3306
user = mysql
socket = /data/opt/mysql/3306/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/opt/mysql/3306/mysql.pid
basedir = /data/opt/mysql
datadir = /data/opt/mysql/data
tmpdir = /data/opt/mysql/tmp
open_files_limit = 10240
lower_case_table_names=1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

#Buffer
max_allowed_packet = 256M
max_heap_table_size = 256M
net_buffer_length = 8k
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

#Log
log-bin = /data/opt/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size = 32M
max_binlog_cache_size = 512M
max_binlog_size = 512M
binlog_format = mixed
log_output = FILE
log-error = /data/opt/mysql/binlog/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/opt/mysql/binlog/slow_query.log
general_log = 0
general_log_file = /data/opt/mysql/binlog/general_query.log
expire-logs-days = 14

#InnoDB
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2048M:autoextend
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
prompt = (\u@\h)[\d]>\_
default-character-set = gbk
===================================
#添加mysql环境变量
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/data/opt/mysql/bin'  >> /etc/profile && source /etc/profile

#初始化数据库
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql-5.6.36] cd /data/opt/mysql
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql] ./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql] ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

#添加service，并配置开机启动
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql] cp /soft/mysql-5.6.36/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql] chmod +x /ect/init.d/mysqld
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql] chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@MysqlDB_Master mysql] chkconfig mysqld on

　　　　优化mysql默认配置，配置访问权限：

[root@MysqlDB_Master ~] mysql -uroot -p
#清空默认数据
(root@localhost)[(none)] > select * from mysql.db \G
(root@localhost)[(none)] > truncate table mysql.db;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > flush privileges;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > select * from mysql.db \G
#配置访问权限
(root@localhost)[(none)] > use mysql;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > desc user;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by "root";
(root@localhost)[(none)] > update user set Password=password('XXXXXX') where User='root';
(root@localhost)[(none)] > select Host,User,Password from user where User='root';
(root@localhost)[(none)] > flush privileges;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > exit;

　　　　以上，Mysql源码安装完成，在MysqlDB_Slave服务器上进行相同配置即可。

五、配置主从

　　　　关于主从的配置，之前在配置文件里已经填写，“server-id”值主从不同，从值大于主值，主要配置如下：

[mysqld]
server-id=209

#InnoDB
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
sync_binlog=1

　　　　连接到主库，配置同步账号并授权从服务器连接：

(root@localhost)[(none)] grant replication slave,reload,super on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.0.2' identified by 'backup';
(root@localhost)[(none)] flush tables with read lock;
(root@localhost)[(none)] show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000007 |       321|              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

　　　　连接到从库，配置主服务器IP以及同步账号等信息：

(root@localhost)[(none)] > change master to master_host='192.168.0.1',master_user='repl',master_password='backup',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007',master_log_pos=321;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > start slave;
(root@localhost)[(none)] > show slave status \G

　　　　确认主从节点同步正常，主要确认以下值：

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

　　　　连接到主库，解除锁，并创建新DB：

(root@localhost)[(none)] unlock tables;
(root@localhost)[(none)] create database testDB;

　　　　连接到从库，查看新建DB是否同步过来：

(root@localhost)[(none)]  show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| testDB             |
+--------------------+

　　　　以上，Mysql集群，主从同步配置完成。

补充：

　 1.Mysql5.7安装需要引入boost库

tar -xf  boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
ln -s boost_1_59_0    boots
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/opt/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/opt/mysql/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
make -j `grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l` && make install

　  2.Mysql5.7密码字段改变

　　　　5.6是Password,5.7是authentication_string

　  3.Mysql5.7修改密码

　　　　update user set authentication_string=password('XXXXXX') where User='root';

　 4.Mysql5.7初始化

　　　　data目录不需要手动建立：

./bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/data/opt/mysql --datadir=/data/opt/mysql/data

　 5.Mysql5.7默认日志时间是UTC

　　　　在配置文件中[mysqld]段落中添加log_timestamps=SYSTEM