ios htttp网络请求cookie的读取与写入(NSHTTPCookieStorage)

当你访问一个网站时，NSURLRequest都会帮你主动记录下来你访问的站点设置的Cookie，如果 Cookie 存在的话，会把这些信息放在 NSHTTPCookieStorage 容器中共享，当你下次再访问这个站点时，NSURLRequest会拿着上次保存下来了的Cookie继续去请求。
同样适用于ASIHTTPRequest,AFNetworking, Webview等,Cookie常用于一些基于认证的网络请求

认识下NSHTTPCookieStorage
NSHTTPCookieStorage 实现了一个管理cookie的单例对象(只有一个实例)，每个Cookie都是NSHTTPCookie类的实例，最为一个规则，Cookie在所有应用之间共享并在不同进程之间保持同步。Session Cookie(一个isSessionOnly方法返回YES的Cookie)只能在单一进程中使用。

Cookie
Cookie是由服务器端生成，发送给User-Agent（一般是浏览器或者客户端），浏览器会将Cookie的key/value保存到某个目录下的文本文件内，下次请求同一网站地址时就发送该Cookie给服务器

HTTP header
HTTP header中包含HTTP请求与响应的操作参数. header属性定义了所传输数据的各种特性. header属性以属性名开始,以冒号结尾,最后是属性值.属性名及值会因应用的不同

一.iOS htttp网络请求Cookie的读取与写入:

Cookie必然会通过HTTP的Respone传过来，并且Cookie在Respone中的HTTP header中。不管是什么请求框架，必然会存在Respone对象，比如AFNetworking2.x的operation.response，AFNetworking3.x的task.response等等。。。。

1.原生NSURLConnection写法

一.获取cookie

- (IBAction)cookieTouched:(id)sender {

    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/api-test.php"];

    NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]

                                             cachePolicy:NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData

                                         timeoutInterval:];

    NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];

    [NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request

                                       queue:queue

                           completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSData *data, NSError *error){

                               //转换NSURLResponse成为HTTPResponse

                               NSHTTPURLResponse *HTTPResponse = (NSHTTPURLResponse *)response;

                               //获取headerfields

                               NSDictionary *fields = [HTTPResponse allHeaderFields];//原生NSURLConnection写法

                               // NSDictionary *fields = [operation.response allHeaderFields]; //afnetworking写法

                               NSLog(@"fields = %@",[fields description]);

                               //获取cookie方法1

                               // NSArray *cookies = [NSHTTPCookie cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:fields forURL:url];

   //获取cookie方法2

                               //NSString *cookieString = [[HTTPResponse allHeaderFields] valueForKey:@"Set-Cookie"];

                               //获取cookie方法3

                               NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];

                               for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in [cookieJar cookies]) {

                                   NSLog(@"cookie%@", cookie);

                               }

                           }];

}

2.AFNetworking 写法

[[APIClient sharedClient] postPath:@"http://api.skyfox.org/api-test.php" parameters:p success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id JSON) {

        NSDictionary *fields = [operation.response allHeaderFields]; //afnetworking写法

        NSLog(@"fields = %@",[fields description]);

        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/api-test.php"];

        //获取cookie方法1

         NSArray *cookies = [NSHTTPCookie cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:fields forURL:url];

        //获取cookie方法2

        //NSString *cookieString = [[HTTPResponse allHeaderFields] valueForKey:@"Set-Cookie"];

    } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {

    }];

二.清空Cookie

NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];

  NSArray *cookieArray = [NSArray arrayWithArray:[cookieJar cookies]];

  for (id obj in cookieArray) {

    [cookieJar deleteCookie:obj];

  }

三.手动设置Cookie 手动设置的Cookie不会自动持久化到沙盒

第一次请求手动设置个cookie

-(void)test1:(NSString*)urlString{

    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/cookie.php"];

    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];

    NSMutableDictionary *cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];

    [cookieProperties setObject:@"username" forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];

    [cookieProperties setObject:@"my ios cookie" forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];

    [cookieProperties setObject:@"api.skyfox.org" forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];

    [cookieProperties setObject:@"api.skyfox.org" forKey:NSHTTPCookieOriginURL];

    [cookieProperties setObject:@"/" forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];

    [cookieProperties setObject:@"" forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];

    [cookieProperties setObject:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:*] forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];//设置失效时间

    [cookieProperties setObject:@"" forKey:NSHTTPCookieDiscard]; //设置sessionOnly

    NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookieProperties];

    [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] setCookie:cookie];

    [self.myWebView loadRequest:request];

}

//第二次请求会自动带上Cookie

- (IBAction)test2:(id)sender {

    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://api.skyfox.org/cookie.php"];

    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];

    [self.mywebview2 loadRequest:request];

}

request还可以这样设置个Cookie

[request setHTTPShouldHandleCookies:YES];

[request setValue:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@=%@", [cookie name], [cookie value]] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];

四.Cookie的本地缓存策略

//NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyAlways:保存所有cookie，这个是默认值

//NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyNever:不保存任何响应头中的cookie

//NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyOnlyFromMainDocumentDomain:只保存域请求匹配的cookie

[[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage]setCookieAcceptPolicy:NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyNever];

五.Cookie的持久化存储

1.服务器端设置Cookie，以PHP为例

语法

1	setcookie(name,value,expire,path,domain,secure)

参数	描述
name	必需。规定 cookie 的名称。
value	必需。规定 cookie 的值。
expire	可选。规定 cookie 的有效期。
path	可选。规定 cookie 的服务器路径。
domain	可选。规定 cookie 的域名。
secure	可选。规定是否通过安全的 HTTPS 连接来传输 cookie。

setcookie("TestCookie","my cookie value"); //没设置失效时间关闭app后系统不会持久化Cookie

setcookie("TestCookie","my cookie value"，time()+3600*24); //设置expire失效时间关闭app后系统自动持久化Cookie

如果服务器设置了Cookie失效时间expiresDate ,sessionOnly:FALSE会被持久化到文件中，kill掉后系统自动保存，下次启动app会自动加载.binarycookies中的Cookies，以下是一条Cookie输出

1	<NSHTTPCookie version:0 name:"TestCookie" value:"my+cookie+value" expiresDate:2016-04-08 09:31:09 +0000 created:2016-04-08 09:30:49 +0000 sessionOnly:FALSE domain:"api.skyfox.org" path:"/" isSecure:FALSE>

持久化到了文件中，地址是沙盒的 /Library/Cookies/org.skyfox.AFNetworking-demo.binarycookies

使用BinaryCookieReader.py脚本解析org.skyfox.AFNetworking-demo.binarycookies 结果如下

2.app端手动存储Cookie

如果没设置Cookie失效时间expiresDate:(null)，sessionOnly:true,kill掉后系统不会自动保存Cookie，如果想持久化Cookie 模仿浏览器存住Cookie，使用NSUserDefaults存下即可,以下是一条Cookie输出

1	<NSHTTPCookie version:0 name:"TestCookie" value:"my+cookie+value" expiresDate:(null) created:2016-04-08 09:33:34 +0000 sessionOnly:TRUE domain:"api.skyfox.org" path:"/" isSecure:FALSE>

手动保存

//合适的时机保存Cookie

- (void)saveCookies{

    NSData *cookiesData = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject: [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies]];

    NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];

    [defaults setObject: cookiesData forKey: @"org.skyfox.cookie"];

    [defaults synchronize];

}

//合适的时机加载Cookie 一般都是app刚刚启动的时候

- (void)loadCookies{

    NSArray *cookies = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData: [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey: @"org.skyfox.cookie"]];

    NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieStorage = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];

    for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in cookies){

        [cookieStorage setCookie: cookie];

    }

}