Rust 的安装和使用举例

一、环境

二、安装

$curl -sSf https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup.sh | sh

Welcome to Rust.

This script will download the Rust compiler and its package manager, Cargo, and
install them to /usr/local. You may install elsewhere by running this script
with the --prefix=<path> option.

The installer will run under 'sudo' and may ask you for your password. If you do
not want the script to run 'sudo' then pass it the --disable-sudo flag.

You may uninstall later by running /usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh,
or by running this script again with the --uninstall flag.

Continue? (y/N) y

rustup: gpg not available. signatures will not be verified
rustup: downloading manifest for 'stable'
rustup: downloading toolchain for 'stable'
######################################################################## 100.0%
rustup: extracting installer
rustup: installing toolchain for 'stable'
Password:
install: creating uninstall script at /usr/local/lib/rustlib/uninstall.sh
install: installing component 'rustc'
install: installing component 'rust-std-x86_64-apple-darwin'
install: installing component 'rust-docs'
install: installing component 'cargo'

    Rust is ready to roll.

三、查看

$rustc --version

rustc 1.7.0 (a5d1e7a59 2016-02-29)

$cargo --version

cargo 0.8.0-nightly (28a0cbb 2016-01-17)
 

四、创建项目文件夹结构

$cd ~

$mkdir develop

$cd develop/

$mkdir rust-projects

$cd rust-projects/

$mkdir hello_world

$cd hello_world/

五、rust 之 helloworld

$vi main.rs

fn main() {
    println!("Hello, world!");
}
 

$rustc main.rs

$./main

Hello,world!
 

六、cargo 之 helloworld

当前文件夹在 hello_world

1、主要的cargo 命令行

$mkdir src

$mv main.rs src/main.rs

$rm main

$vi Cargo.toml

Cargo.toml的内容例如以下

[package]
name = "hello_world"
version = "0.0.1"
authors = ["teamlet@email.com"]

$cargo build

Compiling hello_world v0.0.1 (file:///Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/hello_world)
 

$./target/debug/hello_world

     Hello,world!
 

$cargo run

     Running `target/debug/hello_world`
     Hello,world!
 

$cargo build --release

  Compiling hello_world v0.0.1 (file:///Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/hello_world)
 

$cat Cargo.lock

[root]
name = "hello_world"
version = "0.0.1"

2、cargo项目的管理工具

1) 自己主动生成项目

$cd ..

$mkdir cargo_test

$cd cargo_test/

$cargo new hello_world --bin

$cd hello_world/

$cat Cargo.toml //查看cargo自己主动生成的配置文件

[package]
name = "hello_world"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["teamlet <teamlet@mail.com>"]

[dependencies]
 

$cd src/

$cat main.rs //查看cargo自己主动生成的helloworld代码

fn main() {
    println!("Hello, world!");
}
 

2）猜数游戏

$cd ..

$cargo new guessing_game --bin

$cd guessing_game/

$cargo build

   Compiling guessing_game v0.1.0 (file:///Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game)
 

$cargo run

     Running `target/debug/guessing_game`
      Hello, world!
 

$vi src/main.rs

use std::io;

fn main() {
    println!("Guess the number!");

    println!("Please input your guess.");

    let mut guess = String::new();

    io::stdin().read_line(&mut guess)
        .expect("Failed to read line");

    println!("You guessed:{}",guess);
}
 

$cargo run

   Compiling guessing_game v0.1.0 (file:///Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game)
     Running `target/debug/guessing_game`
Guess the number!
Please input your guess.
5
You guessed:5

$vi Cargo.toml //添加 dependencies

[package]
name = "guessing_game"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["teamlet <teamlet@mail.com>"]

[dependencies]

rand = "^0.3.13"

$cargo build

    Updating registry `https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index`
 Downloading rand v0.3.13
 Downloading winapi-build v0.1.1
 Downloading advapi32-sys v0.1.2

假设出现 

unable to get packages from source

则须要多次重复运行 cargo build 或者 cargo build -verbose，直到

Downloading winapi v0.2.5
   Compiling libc v0.2.8
     Running `rustc /Users/teamlet/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-88ac128001ac3a9a/libc-0.2.8/src/lib.rs --crate-name libc --crate-type lib -g --cfg feature=\"default\" --cfg feature=\"use_std\" -C metadata=c1044b0a546bbfd6 -C extra-filename=-c1044b0a546bbfd6 --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --cap-lints allow`
   Compiling winapi v0.2.5
     Running `rustc /Users/teamlet/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-88ac128001ac3a9a/winapi-0.2.5/src/lib.rs --crate-name winapi --crate-type lib -g -C metadata=96db160368c72f00 -C extra-filename=-96db160368c72f00 --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --cap-lints allow`
   Compiling winapi-build v0.1.1
     Running `rustc /Users/teamlet/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-88ac128001ac3a9a/winapi-build-0.1.1/src/lib.rs --crate-name build --crate-type lib -g -C metadata=7bc4b8a4c9d61577 -C extra-filename=-7bc4b8a4c9d61577 --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --cap-lints allow`
   Compiling advapi32-sys v0.1.2
     Running `rustc /Users/teamlet/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-88ac128001ac3a9a/advapi32-sys-0.1.2/build.rs --crate-name build_script_build --crate-type bin -g --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/build/advapi32-sys-911258561df3b2a9 --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --extern build=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps/libbuild-7bc4b8a4c9d61577.rlib --cap-lints allow`
     Running `/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/build/advapi32-sys-911258561df3b2a9/build-script-build`
     Running `rustc /Users/teamlet/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-88ac128001ac3a9a/advapi32-sys-0.1.2/src/lib.rs --crate-name advapi32 --crate-type lib -g -C metadata=911258561df3b2a9 -C extra-filename=-911258561df3b2a9 --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --extern winapi=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps/libwinapi-96db160368c72f00.rlib --cap-lints allow`
   Compiling rand v0.3.13
     Running `rustc /Users/teamlet/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-88ac128001ac3a9a/rand-0.3.13/src/lib.rs --crate-name rand --crate-type lib -g -C metadata=340832a8942cb900 -C extra-filename=-340832a8942cb900 --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --extern libc=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps/liblibc-c1044b0a546bbfd6.rlib --extern advapi32=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps/libadvapi32-911258561df3b2a9.rlib --extern winapi=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps/libwinapi-96db160368c72f00.rlib --cap-lints allow`
   Compiling guessing_game v0.1.0 (file:///Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game)
     Running `rustc src/main.rs --crate-name guessing_game --crate-type bin -g --out-dir /Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug --emit=dep-info,link -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug -L dependency=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps --extern rand=/Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game/target/debug/deps/librand-340832a8942cb900.rlib`
 

改动代码,生成随机数

$vi src/main.rs

extern crate rand;

use std::io;
use rand::Rng;

fn main() {
    println!("Guess the number!");

    let secret_number = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(1, 101);

    println!("The secret number is: {}", secret_number);

    println!("Please input your guess.");

    let mut guess = String::new();

    io::stdin().read_line(&mut guess)
        .expect("failed to read line");

    println!("You guessed: {}", guess);
}
 

$cargo build

Compiling guessing_game v0.1.0 (file:///Users/teamlet/develop/rust-projects/guessing_game)
 

$cargo run

     Running `target/debug/guessing_game`
     Guess the number!
     The secret number is: 55
     Please input your guess.
     4
     You guessed: 4
 

參考文章地址：

https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/getting-started.html

https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/guessing-game.html