建立ORACLE10G DATA GUARD--->Physical Standby

下面是我自己建Physical Standby，按照下面的步骤一步我一步，当然，打造成功，以下步骤可以作为建筑物Data Guard结构操作手册。

HA和DG差额：HA:可以做IP切换自己主动  DG:做IP切换自己主动

备库和RAC的接点个数没有关系,(生产库多少个节点,备库就是多少个节点),Oracle必须是企业版(Enterprise Edition)才干够做DG

DG级练 A->B->C(ABC能够相互切换)

主备库配置环境：

ORACLE VERSIOIN: Release 10.2.0.1.0

LINUX VERSION: Linux vmoel5u4.oracle.com 2.6.18-164.el5 #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 02:16:47 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

192.168.92.100(primary) 

hostname:vmoel5u4.oracle.com

192.168.92.200(standby)

hostname:even.oracle.com

主库和备库和RAC的接点个数没有关系,(生产点接点,备库是多接点)什么情况下用:

Oracle必须是企业版(Enterprise Edition)才干够做DG

DG级练 A->B->C(ABC能够相互切换)

下面是primary database configuration:

主库上创建对应的文件夹为以下所用：

[oracle@vmoel5u4 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orcl

[oracle@vmoel5u4 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

[oracle@vmoel5u4 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orclsby

把数据库启动到mount状态，开数据库归档

alter database archivvlog

alter system set DB_UNIQUE_NAME = ORCL SCOPE=SPFILE;

一定要确保/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orcl路径存在

alter system set log_archive_format = '%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orcl VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl';

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1 = enable;

alter system set log_archive_max_processes = 4;

打开闪回:一定要确保/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area路径存在

alter system set db_recovery_file_dest = '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area' scope=spfile;

alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size = 4G;

alter system set db_flashback_retention_target = 1440;

shutdown immediate

startup mount

alter database flashback on;

alter database open;

**运行下以下(一定要加)

alter database force logging;

在主库加入standby log file(当然备库相同等会也要加standby log file)

---日志大小一定要大于等于online redo主库的大小

---standby redo log的组数一定要大于或等于online redo log

alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redosby01.log') size 50M reuse;

alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redosby02.log') size 50M reuse;

alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redosby03.log') size 50M reuse;

alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redosby04.log') size 50M reuse;

SQL> select * from v$logfile order by group#;

GROUP# STATUS  TYPE    MEMBER                                                       IS_

---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---

         1 STALE   ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log                      NO

         2 STALE   ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log                      NO

         3         ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log                      NO

         4         STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redosby01.log                   NO

         5         STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redosby02.log                   NO

         6         STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redosby03.log                   NO

         7         STANDBY /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redosby04.log                   NO

7 rows selected.

***primary listener.ora

[oracle@vmoel5u4 admin]$ vi listener.ora

LISTENER =

  (ADDRESS_LIST=

       (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=vmoel5u4.oracle.com)(PORT=1521))

       (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=PNPKEY))

  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (SID_NAME = orcl)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl.oracle.com)

    )

    (SID_DESC =

      (SID_NAME = orcldg)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcldg.oracle.com)

    )

    (SID_DESC =

      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (PROGRAM = extproc)

    )

  )

***primary tnsnames

ORCLDG =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = even.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.oracle.com)

    )

  )

ORCL =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = vmoel5u4.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.oracle.com)

    )

  )

***standby listener.ora

LISTENER =

  (ADDRESS_LIST=

       (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=even.oracle.com)(PORT=1521))

       (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=PNPKEY))

  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (SID_NAME = orcl)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl.oracle.com)

    )

    (SID_DESC =

      (SID_NAME = orcldg)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcldg.oracle.com)

    )

    (SID_DESC =

      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

      (PROGRAM = extproc)

    )

  )

***standby tnsnames

ORCL =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = even.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.oracle.com)

    )

  )

ORCLPRI =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = vmoel5u4.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl.oracle.com)

    )

  )

***Primary DB

alter system set dg_broker_start = false;(false表示不用broker)

alter system set remote_login_passwordfile = exclusive scope=spfile;

alter system set instance_name = orcl scope=spfile;

alter system set db_unique_name = ORCL scope=spfile;

alter system set service_names = 'orcl.oracle.com';

alter system set log_archive_config = 'DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcldg)';(一定要配置)

alter system set log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orcl VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl';

alter system set log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=orcldg VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg NODELAY MAX_CONNECTIONS=2

REOPEN=300 NOMAX_FAILURE';

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1 = enable;

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = defer;

alter system set archive_lag_target = 1800;

alter system set log_archive_max_processes = 4;

alter system set standby_archive_dest = '/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orclsby';   ---确保路径存在哦

alter system set standby_file_management = auto;

alter system reset db_create_file_dest scope=spfile sid='*';   --假设db_create_file_dest为空的话，回提示ORA-32010: cannot find entry to delete in SPFILE。能够ignore

alter system set fal_server = orcldg;(永远指向别人)

alter system set fal_client = orcl;(永远指向自己)

create pfile from spfile;

/*<------FAL_SERVER and FAL_CLIENT

FAL是Fetch Archive Log的简写，它是dataguard主备之间GAP的处理机制。

Primary上不会有GAP，所以fal_server和fal_client也是仅仅在standby上生效的參数，当然为了switch over的须要相同会在primary端进行预设置。

FAL參数定义的数据库名相同取自本地tnsnames.ora里配置的Oracle Net Service Name.

------->*/

SQL> shutdown immediate

***shutdown immediate 后拷贝例如以下几个文件(控制文件,归档,暂时,闪回文件不拷贝)(考试的时候千万不要复制到别人的电脑上去了)

/*拷贝之前一定要到备库上去把对应的路径文件夹给创建好，否则在后面的操作中会提示文件夹不存在的*/

以下是在备库standby创建文件夹：

[oracle@even ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

[oracle@even ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/{a,b,c,u,dp}dump;

[oracle@even ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orcl

[oracle@even ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

以下是从主库上复制文件到备库上：

 scp /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora   even.oracle.com:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/

 scp /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl      even.oracle.com:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/

 scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/*.dbf                     even.oracle.com:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/  

 scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/*.log                     even.oracle.com:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/

拷贝完毕后千万不要马上启动数据库(由于控制文件没有拷贝,所以pfile,主备库的pfile会不一致)

startup mount(千万不要startup,否则又一次拷贝上面的内容)

alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control_sby.ctl' reuse;(千万不要写错了control_sby.ctl reuse)

alter database open;

(从主库拷贝primary的控制文件到standby)

scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control_sby.ctl even.oracle.com:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control_sby.ctl even.oracle.com:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl

scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control_sby.ctl even.oracle.com:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl

***备库(此时数据库是没有打开的)

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

vi initorcl.ora(改动一些參数)

*.db_unique_name='ORCLDG'

*.fal_client='ORCL'

*.fal_server='ORCLPRI'

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcldg)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orcl VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'

create spfile from pfile;

startup mount;

(standby )

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;   /*alter database recover managed standby database cancel; (这个是关掉)*/

Database altered.

在主备库上都打开跟踪文件：

tail -f /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log

(下面5条命令在primary)

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = enable;

(切换的此时是redo的数目加1)

alter system archive log current;

alter system archive log current;

alter system archive log current;

alter system archive log current;

(此时在standby库的跟踪文件一定要看到Media Recovery Log 才算成功,类似例如以下：)

Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orcl/1_5_847844205.arc

Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orcl/1_6_847844205.arc

Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orcl/1_7_847844205.arc

Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orcl/1_8_847844205.arc

Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/orcl/1_9_847844205.arc

Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 10

(以下一条在primary和standby运行,查看)

select open_mode, database_role, switchover_status, protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

/*以下是在备库查看的信息*/

SQL> select open_mode, database_role, switchover_status, protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

OPEN_MODE  DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL

---------- ---------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------

MOUNTED    PHYSICAL STANDBY NOT ALLOWED          MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

/*以下是在主库查看的信息*/

SQL> set linesize 200

SQL> select open_mode, database_role, switchover_status, protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

OPEN_MODE  DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL

---------- ---------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------

READ WRITE PRIMARY          TO STANDBY           MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

/*以下主库測试dataguard数据库传输*/

drop table hr.t1 purge;

create table hr.t1 (id number);

insert into hr.t1 values (1);

commit;

alter system archive log current;

/*以下是在standby备库上操作的sql statement*/

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;  /*让备库置于不redo apply的状态*/

alter database open read only;    /*让备库置于read only 能够查询的状态*/

select * from hr.t1;(假设查询到数据就成功)

SQL> select * from hr.t1;

ID

----------

         1

/*standby备库上，让备库处于redo apply的状态*/

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session parallel 4;

可提高media recover的速度，每次recover有4个并行度。这是10g的新特性

(primary)(改动成MAXIMUM PROTECTION)

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcldg LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcldg NODELAY MAX_CONNECTIONS=2

REOPEN=300 NOMAX_FAILURE';

(standby)

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orclpri LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl NODELAY MAX_CONNECTIONS=2

REOPEN=300 NOMAX_FAILURE';

(以上两条千万不能写错了，否则主库会suspend)

/*以下是设置standby 在maximun protection 下*/

(primary)

shutdown immediate

startup mount

alter database set standby to maximize protection;

alter database open;

(primary & standby都看下面是否是maximun protection)

select open_mode, database_role, switchover_status, protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

/*以下是在主库查看的信息*/

SQL> select open_mode, database_role, switchover_status, protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

OPEN_MODE  DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL

---------- ---------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------

READ WRITE PRIMARY          TO STANDBY           MAXIMUM PROTECTION   MAXIMUM PROTECTION

/*以下是在备库查看的信息*/

SQL> set linesize 200

SQL> select open_mode, database_role, switchover_status, protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

OPEN_MODE  DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS    PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL

---------- ---------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------

MOUNTED    PHYSICAL STANDBY NOT ALLOWED          MAXIMUM PROTECTION   MAXIMUM PROTECTION

(把备库network disconnect)

在主库

insert into hr.t1 values (2);

commit;

此时主库被SUSPEND了.

把standby network connect后,主库就commit successfully.

所以这是maximun protection的缺点.

switchover between primary and standby

(primary:

shutdown immediate

startup restrict;(一定要是这样的模式,不同意有连的,由于考试的时候grid control 的sysman是连着的)

select switchover_status from v$database;(switchover_status 是to standby 状态就能够切换了)

alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;

shutdown immediate

startup mount;(startup 是起不来的,由于是2个备库)

)

(standby:)

SQL> select switchover_status from v$database;   /*假设是to primary就正常了,否则就问题大了*/

SWITCHOVER_STATUS

--------------------

TO PRIMARY

alter database commit to switchover to primary;

shutdown immediate;(由于控制文件主备格式不一样,必须shutdown)

(在原主库上即vmoel5u4.oracle.com主机上,此时它是备库了)

sql>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect; )

(在原备库上即even.oracle.com主机上,此时它是主库了)

sql>startup

到眼下位置切换成功

能够在測试下数据能否够在主备之间顺利传输。

再切回去一样的步骤.注意主备库不用搞乱了.

switchover between primary and standby

(primary:在even.oracle.com

shutdown immediate

startup restrict;(一定要是这样的模式,不同意有连的,由于考试的时候grid control 的sysman是连着的)

select switchover_status from v$database;(switchover_status 是to standby 状态就能够切换了)

alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;

shutdown immediate

startup mount;(startup 是起不来的,由于是2个备库)

)

(standby: 在vmoel5u4.oracle.com)

SQL> select switchover_status from v$database;   /*假设是to primary就正常了,否则就问题大了*/

SWITCHOVER_STATUS

--------------------

TO PRIMARY

alter database commit to switchover to primary;

shutdown immediate;(由于控制文件主备格式不一样,必须shutdown)

(在原主库上即even.oracle.com主机上,此时它是备库了)

sql>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect; )

(在原备库上即vmoel5u4.oracle.com主机上,此时它是主库了)

sql>startup

到此为止。我们有顺利的切回来了！

注意点：

先关主库,再关备库,备库先要cancel(alter database recover managed standby database cancel;)再shutdown.

开的时候是反的.备库先要cancel(alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;)

怎样清掉DG：

primary:

alter database set standby database to maximize performance;

select protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=defer;

shutdown immediate;

startup;

standby

rman: target /

rman:shutdown immediate

sql:startup mount restrict

rman:drop database;

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