ABAP动态自建表维护程序Dynamin Process

　　以前经常会遇到批量上传或修改数据到自建表的需求，所以在想是否可以做一个动态的程序，所有的自建表都可以用这个动态程序来维护。

于是就打算试着写动态的程序。

程序的要求：动态显示自建表ALV

　　　　　　动态下载Excel模板

　　　　　　根据这个Excel模板批量上传数据

　　　　　　可新增修改删除数据。

首先给一个屏幕输入表名，而且要求是Z开头的自建表，因为如果允许标准表修改，准备跑路吧。

下面是定义的变量和屏幕，ALV用OO来实现，也定义类

data: g_table_name    type string,"表名
      g_table_name_zh type string,"表中文描述
      p_ename         type rlgrap-filename."Excel文件路径名

data: gt_fieldcat type lvc_t_fcat,
      gs_layout   type lvc_s_layo.

data: gt_fieldcat_excel type lvc_t_fcat."上传用的ALV

*ALV
data: g_container type ref to cl_gui_docking_container,
      g_alv_grid  type ref to cl_gui_alv_grid.

data: it_exclud_button type ui_functions."删除的按钮

**********************************************Upload Excel ALV上传用
data: g_custom_container type ref to cl_gui_custom_container,
      g_alv_grid_excel   type ref to cl_gui_alv_grid.

constants: g_custom_container_name type char20 value 'G_CUSTOM_CONTAINER'.

data: gt_fieldcat_upload type lvc_t_fcat,
      gs_layout_upload   type lvc_s_layo.

data: gt_row  type lvc_t_row,"选择行
      gt_roid type lvc_t_roid.

data: g_row_count type i."总行数

*******************************************************************

"data: g_is_show_button."是否显示批量上传按钮

data: ok_code type sy-ucomm.

data: dyn_table        type ref to data,
      dyn_table_excel  type ref to data,
      dyn_table_upload type ref to data,
      dyn_wa_upload    type ref to data.

field-symbols: <dyn_table>        type standard table,
               <dyn_table_excel>  type standard table,
               <dyn_table_upload> type standard table,
               <dyn_wa>,
               <dyn_wa_upload>,
               <fs_fcat>          type                 lvc_s_fcat.

***********************OLE
data: application type ole2_object,
      workbook    type ole2_object,
      sheet       type ole2_object,
      cell1       type ole2_object,
      cell2       type ole2_object,
      cell        type ole2_object,
      border      type ole2_object,
      merge       type ole2_object,
      column      type ole2_object,
      entirecol   type ole2_object,
      range       type ole2_object,
      row         type ole2_object,
      color       type ole2_object.

data: begin of wa_excel,
        lines(),
      end of wa_excel,
      it_excel like table of wa_excel.

data: g_separator,"水平分隔符
      g_rc        type i.

**************************************

***********************定义ALV事件类
class lcl_event_receiver definition deferred.

class lcl_event_receiver definition.
  public section.
    methods:
      handle_toolbar
                    for event toolbar of cl_gui_alv_grid
        importing e_object e_interactive,

      handle_user_command
                    for event user_command of cl_gui_alv_grid
        importing e_ucomm,

      handle_after_refresh
         for event  after_refresh of cl_gui_alv_grid.

endclass.

class lcl_event_receiver implementation.
  method handle_toolbar.
    perform delete_old_toolbar using e_object e_interactive.
    perform build_toolbar using e_object e_interactive.
  endmethod.

  method handle_user_command.
    perform user_command using e_ucomm.
  endmethod.

  method handle_after_refresh.
    perform user_command using 'HAREF'."刷新之后的事件
  endmethod.
endclass.

data: event_receiver type ref to lcl_event_receiver.

**************************************

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Selection Screen
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
selection-screen begin of block b1 with frame title t1.
parameters p_tname type tabname obligatory
                                default 'SPFLI'
                                visible length .
selection-screen end of block b1.

SPFLI 和 SFLIGHT是系统定义练习用的表。

判断表名

form check_table_name .
  if p_tname+() <> 'Z' and
     p_tname <> 'SPFLI'  and
     p_tname <> 'SFLIGHT'.
    message '只可输入自建表表名' type 'S'.
    stop.
  endif.

  data: l_exists.

  call function 'DEV_CHECK_TABLE_EXISTS'
    exporting
      i_tabname = p_tname
    importing
      e_exists  = l_exists.

  if l_exists eq ''.
    message '表名不存在' type 'S'.
    stop.
  endif.

  "获取表的中文描述
  select single ddtext from dd02t into g_table_name_zh
    where tabname = p_tname
      and ddlanguage = sy-langu.

endform. 

获取表数据

form get_table_data .
  select * from (p_tname) into corresponding fields of table <dyn_table>.
endform.

动态创建Fieldcatlog

form create_fieldcat .

  data: structure_name type dd02l-tabname,
        ls_fieldcat    type lvc_s_fcat.

  structure_name = p_tname.

  call function 'LVC_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
    exporting
      i_structure_name = structure_name
    changing
      ct_fieldcat      = gt_fieldcat.

  "如果内表字段定义是用数据类型，reptext可能为空，给reptext赋值，scrtext_l为Excel输出标题使用
  loop at gt_fieldcat assigning <fs_fcat>.
    if <fs_fcat>-reptext is initial.
      if <fs_fcat>-scrtext_s is not initial.
        <fs_fcat>-scrtext_l = <fs_fcat>-reptext = <fs_fcat>-scrtext_s.
      else.
        "获取字段的描述
        select single ddtext from dd03t into <fs_fcat>-reptext
          where tabname    = p_tname
            and fieldname  = <fs_fcat>-fieldname
            and ddlanguage = sy-langu.
        <fs_fcat>-scrtext_l = <fs_fcat>-reptext.
      endif.
    endif.
    <fs_fcat>-edit = 'X'.
  endloop.

  "创建上传用的字段目录
  ls_fieldcat-fieldname = 'LIGHT'.
  ls_fieldcat-coltext = '状态'.
  ls_fieldcat-col_pos = .
  append ls_fieldcat to gt_fieldcat_upload.

  clear ls_fieldcat.
  ls_fieldcat-fieldname = 'MSG'.
  ls_fieldcat-coltext = '信息'.
  ls_fieldcat-col_pos = .
  append ls_fieldcat to gt_fieldcat_upload.

  append lines of gt_fieldcat to gt_fieldcat_upload.

  loop at gt_fieldcat_upload assigning <fs_fcat>.
    <fs_fcat>-edit = ''.
  endloop.

endform. 

动态创建内表

form create_dynamic_table .

  "创建第一个内表
  call method cl_alv_table_create=>create_dynamic_table
    exporting
      it_fieldcatalog = gt_fieldcat
    importing
      ep_table        = dyn_table.

  assign dyn_table->* to <dyn_table>.

  "上传用的内表
  call method cl_alv_table_create=>create_dynamic_table
    exporting
      it_fieldcatalog = gt_fieldcat_upload
    importing
      ep_table        = dyn_table_upload.

  assign dyn_table_upload->* to <dyn_table_upload>.
  create data dyn_wa_upload like line of <dyn_table_upload>.
  assign dyn_wa_upload->*  to <dyn_wa_upload>.

endform.  

创建OOALV

form alv_pbo .

  if g_alv_grid is initial.
    create object g_container
      exporting
        repid     = sy-repid
        dynnr     = sy-dynnr
        side      = cl_gui_docking_container=>dock_at_top
        extension = .

    create object g_alv_grid
      exporting
        i_parent = g_container.

    create object event_receiver.
    set handler event_receiver->handle_toolbar       for g_alv_grid.
    set handler event_receiver->handle_user_command  for g_alv_grid.
    set handler event_receiver->handle_after_refresh for g_alv_grid.

    call method g_alv_grid->set_table_for_first_display
      exporting
*       i_buffer_active               =
*       i_bypassing_buffer            =
*       i_consistency_check           =
*       i_structure_name              =
*       is_variant                    =
        i_save                        = 'A'
        i_default                     = 'X'
        is_layout                     = gs_layout
*       is_print                      =
*       it_special_groups             =
        it_toolbar_excluding          = it_exclud_button
*       it_hyperlink                  =
*       it_alv_graphics               =
*       it_except_qinfo               =
*       ir_salv_adapter               =
      changing
        it_outtab                     = <dyn_table>
        it_fieldcatalog               = gt_fieldcat
*       it_sort                       =
*       it_filter                     =
      exceptions
        invalid_parameter_combination =
        program_error                 =
        too_many_lines                =
        others                        = .

    call method g_alv_grid->set_ready_for_input
      exporting
        i_ready_for_input = .
  else.
    perform refresh_alv.
  endif.

endform.  

定义OOALV按钮

form build_toolbar using p_object type ref to cl_alv_event_toolbar_set
                          p_interactive.

  data: ls_button type          stb_button,
        lt_button type table of stb_button.

  define %%add_button.
    clear ls_button.
    ls_button-function = &.
    ls_button-icon = &.
    ls_button-quickinfo = &.
    ls_button-text = &.
    append ls_button to p_object->mt_toolbar.
  end-of-definition.

  define %%add_shu_xian.
    clear ls_button.
    ls_button-butn_type = ."竖线
    append ls_button to p_object->mt_toolbar.
  end-of-definition.

  if g_alv_grid->is_ready_for_input( ) = .
    %%add_shu_xian.
    %%add_button 'REFRESH' icon_refresh '刷新数据' '刷新数据'.
    %%add_shu_xian.
    %%add_button 'UPLOAD'  icon_import  '批量导入' '批量导入'.
    %%add_shu_xian.
    %%add_button 'CREATE'   icon_create      '可新增多行'     '新增'.

    %%add_button 'MODIFY'   icon_change_text '可更改一行'     '更改'.
*  %%add_button 'EDIT'     icon_change_text      '编辑'     '编辑'.
    %%add_button 'DELETE'   icon_delete           '删除'     '删除'.
  elseif g_alv_grid->is_ready_for_input( ) = .
    %%add_shu_xian.
    %%add_button 'SAVE_DATA' icon_system_save  '保存' '保存'.
    %%add_button 'CANCEL'    icon_system_undo  '取消' '取消'.
  endif.

endform.   

按钮动作

form user_command  using p_ucomm.

  ok_code = p_ucomm.
  case p_ucomm.
    when 'REFRESH'."刷新数据
      perform refresh_alv.
      call method g_alv_grid->set_ready_for_input
        exporting
          i_ready_for_input = .

    when 'UPLOAD'."上传Excel
      perform upload_excel.

    when 'CREATE'.
      perform set_alv_create.

    when 'DELETE'."删除
      data: lt_rows type lvc_t_row,
            lt_no   type lvc_t_roid,
            l_code.

      "获取所选行
      call method g_alv_grid->get_selected_rows
        importing
          et_index_rows = lt_rows
          et_row_no     = lt_no.

      if lines( lt_rows ) = .
        message '请选择至少一个记录行' type 'S'.
        exit.
      endif.

      call function 'POPUP_TO_CONFIRM_STEP'
        exporting
          textline1      = '确定？'
          textline2      = '确定要删除吗？'
          titel          = '删除'
          cancel_display = ''
        importing
          answer         = l_code.

      check l_code eq 'J'.

      loop at lt_rows assigning field-symbol(<fs_row>).
        read table <dyn_table> assigning <dyn_wa> index <fs_row>-index.
        if sy-subrc eq .
          delete (p_tname) from <dyn_wa>.
          if sy-subrc eq .
            commit work.
            message '删除成功' type 'S'.
            perform refresh_alv.
          else.
            rollback work.
            message '删除失败' type 'S'.
          endif.
        endif.
      endloop.

    when 'SAVE_DATA'.
      perform save_table_data.

    when 'MODIFY'.
      perform modify_table_data.

    when 'CANCEL'.
      perform refresh_alv.
  endcase.

endform. 

效果如图

动态下载模板

form download_template_by_ole .

  data: sheet_name() type c,"工作表名称
        col            type i.           "列数

  sheet_name = g_table_name_zh.
  col = lines( gt_fieldcat ) - ."不输出Client

  create object application 'Excel.Application'. "创建Excel
  set property of application 'Visible' = .        "设置显示
  call method of application 'WorkBooks' = workbook."获取工作簿对象
  call method of workbook 'Add'. "创建工作簿

  call method of application 'WorkSheets' = sheet   "获取第一个工作表（默认有3个）
    exporting
      # = .
  call method of sheet 'Activate'.
  set property of sheet 'Name' = sheet_name."命名工作表

  g_separator = cl_abap_char_utilities=>horizontal_tab."获取水平分隔符

  "拼接列标题
  loop at gt_fieldcat assigning <fs_fcat> where fieldname ne 'MANDT'.
    if <fs_fcat>-scrtext_l is initial.
      <fs_fcat>-scrtext_l = <fs_fcat>-coltext.
    endif.
    concatenate wa_excel-lines <fs_fcat>-scrtext_l into wa_excel-lines separated by g_separator.
  endloop.

  shift wa_excel-lines left deleting leading g_separator."去除第一个水平分隔符
  append wa_excel to it_excel.

  "输出到剪切板
  call method cl_gui_frontend_services=>clipboard_export
    importing
      data                 = it_excel
    changing
      rc                   = g_rc
    exceptions
      cntl_error           =
      error_no_gui         =
      not_supported_by_gui =
      others               = .

  call method of sheet 'Cells' = cell"设置单元格位置
    exporting
      # =
      # = .
  call method of cell 'Select'."选择单元格
  call method of sheet 'Paste'."粘贴剪切板的内容

  "设置所有列为文本格式
  call method of sheet 'Columns' = column.
  call method of column 'AutoFit'.
  set property of column 'NumberFormatLocal' = '@'.

  """"""""""""""""""""画边框、背景颜色
  call method of sheet 'Cells' = cell1
    exporting
      # =
      # = .

  call method of sheet 'Cells' = cell2
    exporting
      # =
      # = col.

  call method of sheet 'Range' = cell
    exporting
      # = cell1
      # = cell2.

  "设置上下左右边框
  perform set_border using ''.
  perform set_border using ''.
  perform set_border using ''.
  perform set_border using ''.

  call method of cell 'Interior' = color.
  set property of color 'Color' = ."绿色
  set property of color 'Pattern' = ''.  "底纹
  """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

  set property of application 'Visible' = .
  set property of application 'ScreenUpdating' = ."屏幕刷新

  free object: application, workbook, sheet, cell, cell1, cell2, range, border.
  clear: it_excel[], wa_excel.

endform.   

其实就是根据字段目录输出，效果如图

批量上传的代码，上传是需要注意日期和时间类型，Excel转换会变成数字，所以Excel列的格式都为文本：

form read_excel.

  clear gt_fieldcat_excel[].
  free: g_custom_container.

  data: lt_raw    type truxs_t_text_data,
        number    type string value '',
        index     type i,
        new_index type i,
        new_field type string,
        ls_fcat   type lvc_s_fcat.

  data: fields_string     type string,
        fields_string_new type string.

  "根据内表创建Excel的字段目录
  loop at gt_fieldcat assigning <fs_fcat> where fieldname ne 'MANDT'.
    add  to number.
    new_field = 'COL' && number.
    ls_fcat-fieldname = new_field.
    ls_fcat-datatype = 'STRG'.
    append ls_fcat to gt_fieldcat_excel.
    clear ls_fcat.

    "拼接所有的字段名，用于判断上传的Excel是否符合内表的字段
    concatenate fields_string <fs_fcat>-scrtext_l into fields_string separated by space.
  endloop.
  condense fields_string.

  if <dyn_table_excel> is not assigned.
    "动态创建Excel数据的内表
    call method cl_alv_table_create=>create_dynamic_table
      exporting
        it_fieldcatalog           = gt_fieldcat_excel
      importing
        ep_table                  = dyn_table_excel
      exceptions
        generate_subpool_dir_full =
        others                    = .

    assign dyn_table_excel->* to <dyn_table_excel>.
  else.
    clear: <dyn_table_excel>, <dyn_table_upload>.
  endif.

  "读取Excel
  call function 'TEXT_CONVERT_XLS_TO_SAP'
    exporting
      i_line_header        = ''
      i_tab_raw_data       = lt_raw
      i_filename           = p_ename
    tables
      i_tab_converted_data = <dyn_table_excel>
    exceptions
      conversion_failed    =
      others               = .

  "判断上传的Excel是否跟模板相同
  field-symbols: <dyn_field_name>,
                 <dyn_field_name_upload>.
  read table <dyn_table_excel> assigning field-symbol(<wa_excel>) index .

  "拼接上传的Excel列标题
  do number times.
    add  to index.
    assign component index of structure <wa_excel> to <dyn_field_name>.
    concatenate fields_string_new <dyn_field_name> into fields_string_new separated by space.
  enddo.
  condense fields_string_new.

  "判断文件是否符合上传要求.
  if fields_string ne fields_string_new.
    message '上传文件里面的列标题跟内表的字段描述不一致，请使用模板上传！' type 'S' display like 'E'.
    exit.
  endif.

  "删除标题行
  delete <dyn_table_excel> index .
  index = .

  "把动态的Excel数据 写入到 动态的新内表中
  new_index = ."前3位不用赋值：灯、信息、集团
  data r_date type sy-datum.
  data r_time type sy-uzeit.
  "data r_mask type
  loop at <dyn_table_excel> assigning <wa_excel>.
    do number times.
      add  to index.
      add  to new_index.
      assign component index of structure <wa_excel> to <dyn_field_name>.
      assign component new_index of structure <dyn_wa_upload> to <dyn_field_name_upload>.

      "判断字段是否有转换例程
*      describe field <dyn_field_name_upload> edit mask data(r_mask).
*      if r_mask is not initial.
*        write <dyn_field_name> to <dyn_field_name_upload> using edit mask r_mask .
*        clear r_mask.
*      endif.

      "判断数据类型，日期时间格式需要转换
      describe field <dyn_field_name_upload> type data(field_type).
      if field_type = 'D'.
        perform convert_date using <dyn_field_name> changing r_date.
        <dyn_field_name_upload> = r_date.
        clear r_date.
      elseif field_type = 'T'.
        perform convert_time using <dyn_field_name> changing r_time.
        <dyn_field_name_upload> = r_time.
        clear r_time.
      elseif field_type = 'P' or field_type = 'I'.
        "金额千位有逗号，需要删除掉
        replace ',' in <dyn_field_name> with ''.
        <dyn_field_name_upload> = <dyn_field_name>.
      else.
        <dyn_field_name_upload> = <dyn_field_name>.
      endif.
    enddo.
    append <dyn_wa_upload> to <dyn_table_upload>.
    index = .
    new_index = .
  endloop.

  perform create_excel_alv.

endform. 

根据上传的数据显示第二个OOALV

form create_excel_alv .

  if g_alv_grid_excel is initial.
    create object g_custom_container
      exporting
        container_name = g_custom_container_name
        repid          = sy-repid
        dynnr          = sy-dynnr.

    create object g_alv_grid_excel
      exporting
        i_parent = g_custom_container.

    call method g_alv_grid_excel->set_table_for_first_display
      exporting
        is_layout       = gs_layout_upload
      changing
        it_outtab       = <dyn_table_upload>
        it_fieldcatalog = gt_fieldcat_upload.
  else.
    perform refresh_upload_alv.
  endif.

endform.  

保存上传的数据到自建表

form save_data .

  data: new_dyn_wa type ref to data.
  field-symbols: <new_dyn_wa>,
                 <new_dyn_field>.

  create data new_dyn_wa like line of <dyn_table>.
  assign new_dyn_wa->* to <new_dyn_wa>.

  "上传的数据复制到新的结构中再执行Modify
  loop at <dyn_table_upload> assigning field-symbol(<dyn_table_wa>).
    move-corresponding <dyn_table_wa> to <new_dyn_wa>.
    modify (p_tname) from <new_dyn_wa>.
    if sy-subrc eq .
      commit work.
      assign component  of structure <dyn_table_wa> to <new_dyn_field>."更新状态灯
      <new_dyn_field> = .
      assign component  of structure <dyn_table_wa> to <new_dyn_field>."更新信息
      <new_dyn_field> = '保存成功'.
    else.
      rollback work.
      assign component  of structure <dyn_table_wa> to <new_dyn_field>.
      <new_dyn_field> = .
      assign component  of structure <dyn_table_wa> to <new_dyn_field>.
      <new_dyn_field> = '保存失败'.
    endif.
  endloop.
  perform refresh_upload_alv.

endform.      

点击上传

新增一条或多条数据

form set_alv_create .

  clear: <dyn_table>.
  perform get_selected_rows."根据选择行数，显示新增的行数
  if lines( gt_row ) > .
    do g_row_count times.
      append initial line to <dyn_table>.
    enddo.
  else.
    append initial line to <dyn_table>.
  endif.

  call method g_alv_grid->set_ready_for_input
    exporting
      i_ready_for_input = .

  call method g_alv_grid->refresh_table_display.
  call method cl_gui_cfw=>dispatch.

endform.  

保存数据

form save_table_data .

  data: l_index type i.

  "先清空空行
  loop at <dyn_table> assigning <dyn_wa>.
    l_index = sy-tabix.
    if <dyn_wa> is initial.
      delete <dyn_table> index l_index.
    endif.
  endloop.
  if lines( <dyn_table> ) <= .
    message '没有数据可以保存' type 'S'. exit.
  endif.

  modify (p_tname) from table <dyn_table>.
  if sy-subrc eq .
    commit work.
    perform refresh_alv.
    message '保存成功' type 'S'.
  else.
    rollback work.
    message '保存失败，请检查数据是否有误' type 'S'.
  endif.

endform.   

最后就是修改单条数据，这里以后可以优化为多条

form modify_table_data .

  data: l_index type i.
  perform get_selected_rows.
  if lines( gt_row ) > .

    "只获取第一条记录用作修改，此功能待优化为可多条修改
    read table gt_row assigning field-symbol(<wa_row>) index .
    loop at <dyn_table> assigning <dyn_wa>.
      l_index = sy-tabix.
      if l_index <> <wa_row>-index.
        delete <dyn_table> index l_index.
        <wa_row>-index = <wa_row>-index - .
      endif.
    endloop.
  else.
    message '请选择一个记录行' type 'S'. exit.
  endif.

  call method g_alv_grid->refresh_table_display.
  call method g_alv_grid->set_ready_for_input
    exporting
      i_ready_for_input = .
  call method cl_gui_cfw=>dispatch.

endform.  

form build_toolbar using p_object type ref to cl_alv_event_toolbar_set
                          p_interactive.

data: ls_button type          stb_button,
        lt_button type table of stb_button.

define %%add_button.
    clear ls_button.
    ls_button-function = &1.
    ls_button-icon = &2.
    ls_button-quickinfo = &3.
    ls_button-text = &4.
    append ls_button to p_object->mt_toolbar.
  end-of-definition.

define %%add_shu_xian.
    clear ls_button.
    ls_button-butn_type = 3."竖线
    append ls_button to p_object->mt_toolbar.
  end-of-definition.

if g_alv_grid->is_ready_for_input( ) = 0.
    %%add_shu_xian.
    %%add_button 'REFRESH' icon_refresh '刷新数据' '刷新数据'.
    %%add_shu_xian.
    %%add_button 'UPLOAD'  icon_import  '批量导入' '批量导入'.
    %%add_shu_xian.
    %%add_button 'CREATE'   icon_create      '可新增多行'     '新增'.

%%add_button 'MODIFY'   icon_change_text '可更改一行'     '更改'.
*  %%add_button 'EDIT'     icon_change_text      '编辑'     '编辑'.
    %%add_button 'DELETE'   icon_delete           '删除'     '删除'.
  elseif g_alv_grid->is_ready_for_input( ) = 1.
    %%add_shu_xian.
    %%add_button 'SAVE_DATA' icon_system_save  '保存' '保存'.
    %%add_button 'CANCEL'    icon_system_undo  '取消' '取消'.
  endif.

endform.

form set_alv_create .

clear: <dyn_table>.
  perform get_selected_rows."根据选择行数，显示新增的行数
  if lines( gt_row ) > 1.
    do g_row_count times.
      append initial line to <dyn_table>.
    enddo.
  else.
    append initial line to <dyn_table>.
  endif.

call method g_alv_grid->set_ready_for_input
    exporting
      i_ready_for_input = 1.

call method g_alv_grid->refresh_table_display.
  call method cl_gui_cfw=>dispatch.

endform.

个人感觉这个程序并不难，各位可以写一下，或许会比我的更好更实用，或者有什么更好的建议可以留言、加wx交流。

作者：明光烁亮
出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/hezhongxun/

微信号：HEme922 欢迎加好友一起交流SAP!可以加入SAP开发交流群，共同分享经验！
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