BitSet构造函数的两种特例

C++11之后，bitset的构造函数新加了两种形式：

bitset<bits>::bitset (const string& str,
                              string::size_type str_idx, string::size_type str_num,
                              string::charT zero)
bitset<bits>::bitset (const string& str,
                              string::size_type str_idx, string::size_type str_num,
                              string::charT zero, string::charT one)

在vs2015中作如下实现：

template<class _Elem,
        class _Tr,
        class _Alloc>
        explicit bitset(const basic_string<_Elem, _Tr, _Alloc>& _Str,
            _BITSET_SIZE_TYPE _Pos = 0,
            _BITSET_SIZE_TYPE _Count = basic_string<_Elem, _Tr, _Alloc>::npos,
            _Elem _E0 = (_Elem)'0',
            _Elem _E1 = (_Elem)'1')
        {    // construct from [_Pos, _Pos + _Count) elements in string
        _Construct(_Str, _Pos, _Count, _E0, _E1);
        }

其_Construct如下：

template<class _Elem,
        class _Tr,
        class _Alloc>
        void _Construct(
            const basic_string<_Elem, _Tr, _Alloc>& _Str,
            _BITSET_SIZE_TYPE _Pos,
            _BITSET_SIZE_TYPE _Count,
            _Elem _E0,
            _Elem _E1)
        {    // initialize from [_Pos, _Pos + _Count) elements in string
        if (_Str.size() < _Pos)
            _Xran();    // _Pos off end
        if (_Str.size() - _Pos < _Count)
            _Count = _Str.size() - _Pos;    // trim _Count to size

        typename basic_string<_Elem, _Tr, _Alloc>::size_type _Num;
        for (_Num = 0; _Num < _Count; ++_Num)
            if (!_Tr::eq(_Str[_Pos + _Num], _E0)
                && !_Tr::eq(_Str[_Pos + _Num], _E1))
                _Xinv();

        if (_Bits < _Count)
            _Count = _Bits;    // trim _Count to length of bitset
        _Tidy();

        for (_Pos += _Count, _Num = 0; _Num < _Count; ++_Num)
            if (_Tr::eq(_Str[--_Pos], _E1))
                set(_Num);
        }

它可以用来转换非01字符串，向下面这样：

cout << bitset<4>(string("xax"), 0, 3, 'x','a')<< endl;

输出：

0010