Oracle 12c 如何在 PDB 中添加 SCOTT 模式（数据泵方式）

Oracle 12c 建库后，没有 scott 模式，本篇使用数据泵方式，在12c版本之前数据库中 expdp 导出 scott 模式，并连接 12c 的 pdb 进行 impdp 导入。

目录

1. 在11g版本中数据泵导出

　　1.1 创建 directory 目录

　　1.2 数据泵导出

　　1.3 确认scott用户及权限信息

2. 在12c版本中数据泵导入

　　2.1 配置TNSNAMES.ora

　　2.2 测试连接PDB

　　2.3 执行scott用户及权限信息

　　2.4 创建 directory 目录

　　2.5 数据泵导入

　　2.6 验证数据

1. 在11g版本中数据泵导出

1.1 创建 directory 目录

SQL> select * from dba_directories;

SQL> create directory backup_dir as '/u01/app/oracle/backup';

Directory created.

SQL> grant read,write on directory backup_dir to system;

Grant succeeded.

1.2 数据泵导出

[oracle@henry ~]$ expdp system/oracle directory=backup_dir dumpfile=expdp_scott.dmp logfile=expdp_scott.log schemas=scott

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 24 19:53:16 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=backup_dir dumpfile=expdp_scott.dmp logfile=expdp_scott.log schemas=scott
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 384 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."A"                                 5.460 KB       6 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."ABC"                                   5 KB       1 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.562 KB      14 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TESTEMP"                           8.648 KB      19 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TBA"                                   0 KB       0 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."TBS_C"                                 0 KB       0 rows
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
  /u01/app/oracle/backup/expdp_scott.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 19:54:28

1.3 确认scott用户及权限信息

用户（模式）导出，要事先知道该用户（模式）在原来数据库中所涉及的表空间、系统权限、对象权限、角色权限等。我们可以通过调用 dbms.metadata 包来获得相关资源。

SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('USER','SCOTT') from dual;

CREATE USER "SCOTT" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'S:F2071AA98BBC32C96BBADA4D194880F30491BAD413C402C5887BF4439B7C;F894844C34402B67'
DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"

SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_granted_ddl('OBJECT_GRANT','SCOTT') from dual;
ERROR:
ORA-31608: specified object of type OBJECT_GRANT not found
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA", line 5088
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA", line 7737
ORA-06512: at line 1

SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_granted_ddl('ROLE_GRANT','SCOTT') from dual;

GRANT "CONNECT" TO "SCOTT"
GRANT "RESOURCE" TO "SCOTT"
GRANT "DBA" TO "SCOTT"

SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_granted_ddl('SYSTEM_GRANT','SCOTT') from dual;

GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO "SCOTT"

SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLESPACE','SCOTT') from dual;
ERROR:
ORA-31603: object "SCOTT" of type TABLESPACE not found in schema "SYS"
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA", line 5088
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA", line 7589
ORA-06512: at line 1

相关报错说明该用户在原来数据库中对应的元数据不存在，直接忽略。将上面的获取到的语句进行整理备用。最后，将导出的文件，拷贝至12c所在的服务器（实验环境的具体路径和11g所在的服务器是一致的）。

2. 在12c版本中数据泵导入

2.1 配置TNSNAMES.ora

在12c的PDB中，普通用户无法像非CDB那样直接通过 conn 互切用户（比如在一个PDB中，普通henry用户无法直接切换到其他普通用户），默认在PDB中 sys 用户也无法直接切换到 henry 用户，例如：

SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;

Session altered.

SQL> select username from dba_users where username='HENRY';

USERNAME
------------------------------
HENRY

SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
SQL> conn henry/henry
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

必须配置 tnsnames.ora 连接字符串别名，并通过 sqlplus 命令进行连接。

[oracle@henry ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/
[oracle@henry admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora 

在tnsnames.ora文件中添加连接字符串

PDB1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = henry)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = PDB1)
    )
  )

2.2 测试连接PDB

查看当前CDB中的PDB

SQL> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME     OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------ ---------- ----------
     2 　　 PDB$SEED     READ ONLY  NO
     3 　　 PDB1         READ WRITE NO

当前CDB中只有一个用户PDB：PDB1

因为已经添加过连接字符串，现在尝试连接PDB1

[oracle@henry ~]$ sqlplus henry/henry@pdb1

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri May 24 21:06:36 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Fri May 24 2019 21:04:59 +08:00

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> show user;
USER is "HENRY"
SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1

测试连接成功。

2.3 执行scott用户及权限信息

该语句信息在1.3小节通过 dbms.metadata 包得到。

CREATE USER "SCOTT" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'S:F2071AA98BBC32C96BBADA4D194880F30491BAD413C402C5887BF4439B7C;F894844C34402B67'
DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP";

GRANT "CONNECT" TO "SCOTT";
GRANT "RESOURCE" TO "SCOTT";
GRANT "DBA" TO "SCOTT";
GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO "SCOTT"

2.4 创建 directory 目录

[oracle@henry ~]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/backup

12c数据库所在的服务器具体目录路径和11g是一样的（具体路径根据实际情况），backup目录下放着11g数据泵导出来的 scott 模式的dmp文件。

[oracle@henry ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@pdb1 as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri May 24 20:06:25 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1

SQL> select * from dba_directories;

SQL> create directory backup_dir as '/u01/app/oracle/backup';

Directory created.

SQL> grant read,write on directory backup_dir to system;

Grant succeeded.

2.5 数据泵导入

[oracle@henry ~]$ impdp system/oracle@pdb1 directory=backup_dir dumpfile=expdp_scott.dmp logfile=impdp_scott.log schemas=scott

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 24 20:12:35 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/********@pdb1 directory=backup_dir dumpfile=expdp_scott.dmp logfile=impdp_scott.log schemas=scott
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"SCOTT" already exists

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."A"                                 5.460 KB       6 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."ABC"                                   5 KB       1 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.929 KB       4 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.562 KB      14 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.859 KB       5 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."TESTEMP"                           8.648 KB      19 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."TBA"                                   0 KB       0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completed with 2 error(s) at Fri May 24 20:13:28 2019 elapsed 0 00:00:44

2.6 验证数据

[oracle@henry ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@pdb1

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri May 24 21:16:54 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Fri May 24 2019 21:16:43 +08:00

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> show user
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
SQL> select count(*) from emp;

  COUNT(*)
----------
    14

SQL> select count(*) from dept;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     4