通过/dev/mem只能访问高端内存以下的内核线性地址空间

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20564848-id-74706.html

 

《/proc/iomem和/proc /ioports对应的fops》
《浅析pc机上如何将vmlinuz- 2.6.31-14-generic解压出vmlinux》
fs_initcall(chr_dev_init);
chr_dev_init
==> register_chrdev(MEM_MAJOR,"mem",&memory_fops); // 建立/dev/mem字符节点
memory_open会根据inode的minor来定位具体的fops,
比如
1,1为mem_fops
1,2为kmem_fops
1,8为random_fops
等等(具体见下面的devlist[])
static const struct file_operations memory_fops = {
    .open        = memory_open,    /* just a selector for the real open */
};
static const struct {
    unsigned int        minor;
    char            *name;
    umode_t            mode;
    const struct file_operations    *fops;
} devlist[] = { /* list of minor devices */
#ifdef CONFIG_DEVMEM
    {1, "mem",     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP, &mem_fops},
    {2, "kmem",    S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP, &kmem_fops},
#endif
    {3, "null",    S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO,           &null_fops},
#ifdef CONFIG_DEVPORT
    {4, "port",    S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP, &port_fops},
#endif
    {5, "zero",    S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO,           &zero_fops},
    {7, "full",    S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO,           &full_fops},
    {8, "random",  S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,           &random_fops},
    {9, "urandom", S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,           &urandom_fops},
    {11,"kmsg",    S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,           &kmsg_fops},
#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
    {12,"oldmem",    S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP, &oldmem_fops},
#endif
};
static int memory_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
{
    // 根据inode的minor子节点号定位具体功能驱动fops
    switch (iminor(inode)) {
#ifdef CONFIG_DEVMEM
        case 1:
            filp->f_op = &mem_fops;
            filp->f_mapping->backing_dev_info =
                &directly_mappable_cdev_bdi;
            break;
        case 2:
            filp->f_op = &kmem_fops;
            filp->f_mapping->backing_dev_info =
                &directly_mappable_cdev_bdi;
            break;
#endif
        case 3:
            filp->f_op = &null_fops;
            break;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEVPORT
        case 4:
            filp->f_op = &port_fops;
            break;
#endif
        case 5:
            filp->f_mapping->backing_dev_info = &zero_bdi;
            filp->f_op = &zero_fops;
            break;
        case 7:
            filp->f_op = &full_fops;
            break;
        case 8:
            filp->f_op = &random_fops;
            break;
        case 9:
            filp->f_op = &urandom_fops;
            break;
        case 11:
            filp->f_op = &kmsg_fops;
            break;
#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
        case 12:
            filp->f_op = &oldmem_fops;
            break;
#endif
        default:
            return -ENXIO;
    }
    if (filp->f_op && filp->f_op->open)
        return filp->f_op->open(inode,filp);
    return 0;
}
crw-rw-rw-  1 root root        1,   9 2010-05-16 09:18 urandom
crw-rw-rw-  1 root root        1,   3 2010-05-16 17:17 null
crw-rw-rw-  1 root root        1,   8 2010-05-16 17:17 random
crw-rw-rw-  1 root root        1,   5 2010-05-16 17:17 zero
brw-rw----  1 root disk        1,   9 2010-05-16 17:17 ram9
brw-rw----  1 root disk        1,   8 2010-05-16 17:17 ram8
brw-rw----  1 root disk        1,   7 2010-05-16 17:18 ram7
crw-r-----  1 root kmem        1,   4 2010-05-16 17:18 port
crw-rw----  1 root root        1,  12 2010-05-16 17:18 oldmem
crw-r-----  1 root kmem        1,   1 2010-05-16 17:18 mem
crw-rw----  1 root root        1,  11 2010-05-16 17:18 kmsg
crw-rw-rw-  1 root root        1,   7 2010-05-16 17:18 full
我们来看看/dev/mem都能读取到些什么
static const struct file_operations mem_fops = {
    .llseek        = memory_lseek,
    .read        = read_mem,
    .write        = write_mem,
    .mmap        = mmap_mem,
    .open        = open_mem,
    .get_unmapped_area = get_unmapped_area_mem,
};
/*
* This funcion reads the *physical* memory. The f_pos points directly to the
* memory location.
*/
static ssize_t read_mem(struct file * file, char __user * buf,
            size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
    unsigned long p = *ppos;
    ssize_t read, sz;
    char *ptr;
/*
// for arm
int valid_phys_addr_range(unsigned long addr, size_t size)
{
    if (addr < PHYS_OFFSET) // 只能CONFIG_DRAM_BASE这个DDR物理内存首地址开始的空间~到高端内存之间内核线性地址
        return 0;
    if (addr + size > __pa(high_memory))
        return 0;
    return 1;
}
// for x86
static inline int valid_phys_addr_range(unsigned long addr, size_t count)
{
    if (addr + count > __pa(high_memory)) // 只有高端内存以下的地址才能访问.
        return 0;
    return 1;
}
*/
    if (!valid_phys_addr_range(p, count))
        return -EFAULT;
    read = 0;
#ifdef __ARCH_HAS_NO_PAGE_ZERO_MAPPED
    /* we don't have page 0 mapped on sparc and m68k.. */
    if (p < PAGE_SIZE) {
        sz = PAGE_SIZE - p;
        if (sz > count)
            sz = count;
        if (sz > 0) {
            if (clear_user(buf, sz))
                return -EFAULT;
            buf += sz;
            p += sz;
            count -= sz;
            read += sz;
        }
    }
#endif
    while (count > 0) {
        /*
         * Handle first page in case it's not aligned
         */
        if (-p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
            sz = -p & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
        else
            sz = PAGE_SIZE;
        sz = min_t(unsigned long, sz, count);
        /*
         * On ia64 if a page has been mapped somewhere as
         * uncached, then it must also be accessed uncached
         * by the kernel or data corruption may occur
         */
        ptr = xlate_dev_mem_ptr(p); // 将物理地址p转化为内核线性虚拟地址
//        #define xlate_dev_mem_ptr(p)    __va(p)
//        #define __va(x)            ((void *)((unsigned long)(x)+PAGE_OFFSET))
//        #define PAGE_OFFSET        ((unsigned long)__PAGE_OFFSET)
//        #define __PAGE_OFFSET        _AC(CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSET, UL)
//        vim arch/x86/configs/i386_defconfig 我们获取的参数[luther.gliethttp]
//        CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSET=0xC0000000
        if (copy_to_user(buf, ptr, sz))
            return -EFAULT;
        buf += sz;
        p += sz;
        count -= sz;
        read += sz;
    }
    *ppos += read;
    return read;
}
让我们实际演练演练,我们读取释放到内存中的kernel代码
tatic struct resource code_resource = {
    .name    = "Kernel code",
    .start    = 0,
    .end    = 0,
    .flags    = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
};
start_kernel
==> setup_arch
    code_resource.start = virt_to_phys(_text); // _text内核代码相对DDR物理内存的偏移量,也就是内核线性地址偏移量[luther.gliethttp]
    code_resource.end = virt_to_phys(_etext)-1;
    data_resource.start = virt_to_phys(_etext);
    data_resource.end = virt_to_phys(_edata)-1;
    bss_resource.start = virt_to_phys(&__bss_start);
    bss_resource.end = virt_to_phys(&__bss_stop)-1;
subsys_initcall(request_standard_resources);
request_standard_resources
==> init_iomem_resources(&code_resource, &data_resource, &bss_resource);// 这样/proc/iomem就可以看到这里设置的信息了
    request_resource(res, code_resource);
    request_resource(res, data_resource);
    request_resource(res, bss_resource);
==> request_resource(&iomem_resource, &video_ram_resource);
luther@gliethttp:~$ cat /proc/iomem
00000000-00001fff : System RAM
00002000-00005fff : reserved
00006000-0009dbff : System RAM
0009dc00-0009ffff : reserved
000a0000-000bffff : Video RAM area
000c0000-000cefff : Video ROM
000cf000-000d07ff : Adapter ROM
000d2000-000fffff : reserved
  000f0000-000fffff : System ROM
00100000-5bf0ffff : System RAM
  00100000-00575553 : Kernel code
  00575554-0078d307 : Kernel data
  0081a000-008a809f : Kernel bss
以上的
00100000-00575553 : Kernel code
就是kernel代码存储区了
0x00100000等于1048576
0x00575553等于5723475
luther@gliethttp:~$ sudo dd bs=1 skip=1048576 count=208 if=/dev/mem 2>/dev/null | xxd -g 1
0000000: f6 86 11 02 00 00 40 75 14 0f 01 15 22 8e 74 00  ......@u....".t.
0000010: b8 18 00 00 00 8e d8 8e c0 8e e0 8e e8 fc 31 c0  ..............1.
0000020: bf 00 a0 81 00 b9 a0 80 8a 00 29 f9 c1 e9 02 f3  ..........).....
0000030: ab bf c0 56 7c 00 b9 00 04 00 00 fc f3 a5 8b 35  ...V|..........5
0000040: e8 58 7c 00 21 f6 74 0c bf e0 2a 7c 00 b9 00 02  .X|.!.t...*|....
0000050: 00 00 f3 a5 66 81 3d c6 58 7c 00 07 02 72 1c a1  ....f.=.X|...r..
0000060: fc 58 7c 00 3d 03 00 00 00 73 0e 8b 04 85 80 22  .X|.=....s....."
0000070: 7c 00 2d 00 00 00 c0 ff e0 0f 0b bf 00 90 8a 00  |.-.............
0000080: ba 00 a0 81 00 b8 03 00 00 00 8d 4f 67 89 0a 89  ...........Og...
0000090: 8a 00 0c 00 00 83 c2 04 b9 00 04 00 00 ab 05 00  ................
00000a0: 10 00 00 e2 f8 bd 03 90 a4 00 39 e8 72 dc 81 c7  ..........9.r...
00000b0: 00 00 00 c0 89 3d 80 a5 74 00 c1 e8 0c a3 84 f0  .....=..t.......
00000c0: 81 00 b8 67 b0 81 00 a3 fc af 81 00 e9 6d 6b 46  ...g.........mkF