redis常用命令之string&list

redis常用操做

string key操作

string <key:value>

set name john
get name

list

setnx <key value>
setnx gender male（分布式锁）
get gender
setnx goods_1 111
del goods_1
get goods_1

查找键
keys * //查找所有
keys *_1 //查找以“_1”结尾的
keys *a* //查找包含a的值

存在键名
exist <keys>

类型：
type <keys>

删除键：
del <keys>

清空所有
flashall

setex x 100 ruby

查看键有效期
ttl <keys> // -1永不过期，-2已经过期

设置过期时间
expire name 5

重命名
rename keys

redis默认有0-15个库一共16个， 默认是在0号数据库，库与库是隔离的；
select <数据库ID> //切换到1号库
l

list数组操作

队列、列表的子成员必须是string

lpush key value

rpush key value

linsert key after|brfore 指定元素 value

lindex key index

lrange key start stop

lset key index value

lrem key count value

添加子成员

//在左侧（前）添加一条或多条数据

lpush <key value1 value2...>

//在右侧（后）添加一条或多条数据

rpush <key value1 value2...>

 1 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush names zhaosi
 2 (integer) 4
 3 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange names 0 -1
 4 1) "wangwu"
 5 2) "lisi"
 6 3) "zhangsan"
 7 4) "zhaosi"
 8 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush name a b c
 9 (integer) 3
10 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush names a b c
11 (integer) 7
12 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange names 0 -1
13 1) "wangwu"
14 2) "lisi"
15 3) "zhangsan"
16 4) "zhaosi"
17 5) "a"
18 6) "b"
19 7) "c"

　　

//在指定元素的左侧（前）右侧（后）添加一条或多条数据

linsert key before 指定元素 value1 value2...

linsert key after 指定元素 value1 value2...

eg：

 1 127.0.0.1:6379> linsert names before "zhangsan" yuan
 2 (integer) 8
 3 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange names 0 -1
 4 1) "wangwu"
 5 2) "lisi"
 6 3) "yuan"
 7 4) "zhangsan"
 8 5) "zhaosi"
 9 6) "a"
10 7) "b"
11 8) "c"

 1 127.0.0.1:6379> rinsert names after "b" haha
 2 (error) ERR unknown command 'rinsert'
 3 127.0.0.1:6379> linsert names after "b" haha
 4 (integer) 9
 5 127.0.0.1:6379> rinsert names after "b" haha
 6 (error) ERR unknown command 'rinsert'
 7 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange names 0 -1
 8 1) "wangwu"
 9 2) "lisi"
10 3) "yuan"
11 4) "zhangsan"
12 5) "zhaosi"
13 6) "a"
14 7) "b"
15 8) "haha"
16 9) "c"

获取列表成员：

根据指定的索引获取成员的值，负数下标从右边-1开始，逐个递减

lindex key index

eg:获取brother下表为2以及-2的成员：

 1 127.0.0.1:6379> del brother
 2 (integer) 0
 3 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush brother guanyu zhangfei liubei
 4 (integer) 3
 5 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange brother 0 -1
 6 1) "liubei"
 7 2) "zhangfei"
 8 3) "guanyu"
 9 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex 0
10 (error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'lindex' command
11 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex brother 0
12 "liubei"
13 127.0.0.1:6379>

 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange brother 0 -1
 2 1) "liubei"
 3 2) "zhangfei"
 4 3) "guanyu"
 5 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex 0
 6 (error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'lindex' command
 7 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex brother 0
 8 "liubei"
 9 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex -1
10 (error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'lindex' command
11 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex beother -1
12 (nil)
13 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex brother -2
14 "zhangfei"
15 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex brother 2
16 "guanyu"
17 127.0.0.1:6379>

获取列表切片

闭区间，包括stop

lrange key start stop

eg:获取brother下表为0-2的成员

1 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange brother 0 2
2 1) "liubei"
3 2) "zhangfei"
4 3) "guanyu"
5 127.0.0.1:6379>

eg:获取最后两位

1 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange brother -2 -1
2 1) "zhangfei"
3 2) "guanyu"
4 127.0.0.1:6379>

获取列表长度

llen key

1 127.0.0.1:6379> llen names
2 (integer) 13
3 127.0.0.1:6379> llen brother
4 (integer) 3
5 127.0.0.1:6379>

设置指定索引值

lset key index value

 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange names 0 -1
 2  1) "y"
 3  2) "x"
 4  3) "c"
 5  4) "after"
 6  5) "wangwu"
 7  6) "lisi"
 8  7) "yuan"
 9  8) "zhangsan"
10  9) "zhaosi"
11 10) "a"
12 11) "b"
13 12) "haha"
14 13) "c"
15 127.0.0.1:6379> lset names 3 "before"
16 OK
17 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange names 0 -1
18  1) "y"
19  2) "x"
20  3) "c"
21  4) "before"
22  5) "wangwu"
23  6) "lisi"
24  7) "yuan"
25  8) "zhangsan"
26  9) "zhaosi"
27 10) "a"
28 11) "b"
29 12) "haha"
30 13) "c"
31 127.0.0.1:6379>

删除指定成员

lpop key //第一个成员出列

rpop key //最后一个成员出列

 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange name 0 -1
 2 1) "x"
 3 2) "b"
 4 3) "after"
 5 4) "a"
 6 5) "b"
 7 6) "c"
 8 127.0.0.1:6379> lpop name
 9 "x"
10 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange name 0 -1
11 1) "b"
12 2) "after"
13 3) "a"
14 4) "b"
15 5) "c"
16 127.0.0.1:6379>

 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange name 0 -1
 2 1) "b"
 3 2) "after"
 4 3) "a"
 5 4) "b"
 6 5) "c"
 7 127.0.0.1:6379> rpop name
 8 "c"
 9 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange name 0 -1
10 1) "b"
11 2) "after"
12 3) "a"
13 4) "b"
14 127.0.0.1:6379>

开发中经常使用rpush和lpop实现队列的数据结构，实现入列和出列

lrem key count value

//count表示删除的数据，value表示要删除的成员，该命令默认表示将列表从左侧前的count个value元素移除

//count==0，表示删除列表所有值为value的成员；

//count > 0，表示删除列表左侧开始的前count个value成员；

//count <0， 表示删除列表右侧开始的前count个value成员

 1 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange brother 0 -1
 2 1) "A"
 3 2) "B"
 4 3) "C"
 5 4) "A"
 6 5) "B"
 7 127.0.0.1:6379> lrem brother 0 A
 8 (integer) 2
 9 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange brother 0 -1
10 1) "B"
11 2) "C"
12 3) "B"