sqluldr2 oracle直接导出数据为文本的小工具使用

　　近期客户有需求，导出某些审计数据，供审计人进行核查，只能导出成文本或excel格式的进行查看，这里我们使用sqluldr2工具进行相关数据的导出。

　　oracle导出数据为文本格式比较麻烦，sqluldr2是灵活的强大的oracle文本导出程序，是之前阿里大拿首席dba楼方鑫开发的小工具，oracle有自己的一个sqlldr工具，是将文本载入到oracle库中用的，而现在这个sqluldr中间加了个u是un的意思，小工具是用oracle的C语言接口写成，短小精干运行速度快，工具很强大，而且批量导出效率非常高，使用灵活，多个平台版本都有对应的工具。

命令参数：

./sqluldr2

SQL*UnLoader: Fast Oracle Text Unloader (GZIP, Parallel), Release 4.0.1
(@) Copyright Lou Fangxin (AnySQL.net) 2004 - 2010, all rights reserved.

License: Free for non-commercial useage, else 100 USD per server.

Usage: SQLULDR2 keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]

Valid Keywords:
   user    = username/password@tnsname
   sql     = SQL file name
   query   = select statement
   field   = separator string between fields
   record  = separator string between records
   rows    = print progress for every given rows (default, 1000000)
   file    = output file name(default: uldrdata.txt)
   log     = log file name, prefix with + to append mode
   fast    = auto tuning the session level parameters(YES)
   text    = output type (MYSQL, CSV, MYSQLINS, ORACLEINS, FORM, SEARCH).
   charset = character set name of the target database.
   ncharset= national character set name of the target database.
   parfile = read command option from parameter file 

  for field and record, you can use '0x' to specify hex character code,
  \r=0x0d \n=0x0a |=0x7c ,=0x2c, \t=0x09, :=0x3a, #=0x23, "=0x22 '=0x27 

• 直接指定sql（适合query比较长的一些语句，结果集直接输出到对应的文件里）

[oracle@m1 ~]$vi query.sql
SELECT * FROM ( SELECT A.*, rownum r FROM (select aa.* ,bb.aac003,bb.aac058,bb.aac147 from GIOISX.ac10 aa,GIOISX.ac01 bb where 1=1 and aa.aac001=bb.aac001  and aa.batchid=101  order by aa.aac001,aae003,aae140 ) A WHERE rownum < =30) B WHERE r >0

#./sqluldr2 system/welcoii@cfsgal sql=/home/oracle/query.sql  mode=APPEND head=yes  file=/home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_%B.csv batch=yes rows=5000
           0 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:21:27, size 0 MB.
          30 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:21:27, size 0 MB.
         output file /home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_1.csv closed at 30 rows, size 0 MB.

• 常规导出（head=yes   表示输出表头 log是记录日志）

sqluldr2 hr/hr123@127.0.0.1:1521/XE query="select * from bb_user_t" head=yes file=D:\sqluldr2\File\tmp001.csv log=D:\sql.log  or

log=+D:\sqluldr2\File\tmp003.log 如果有日志在日志后追加日志，否则覆盖替换

• 使用table参数（“TABLE”选项用于指定将文件导入的目标表的名字，例如我们将EMP 表的数据导入到EMP_HIS 表中，假设这两个表的表结构一致，先用如下命令导出数据：Sqluldr2 … query=”select * from emp” file=emp.txt table=emp_his ……，或生成相应的导入控制文件)

sqluldr2 hr/hr123@127.0.0.1:1521/XE query="select * from bb_user_t" table=temp_004 head=yes file=D:\sqluldr2\File\tmp004.csv

• 大批量导出（对于大表可以输出到多个文件中，指定行数分割或者按照文件大小分割，当文件名（“FILE”选项）的后缀以小写的“.gz”结尾时，会将记录直接写入到GZIP格式的压缩文件中，如果要归档大量数据，这个功能可以节约很多的存贮空间，降低运营成本）

sqluldr2 system/welc1@sl query="select * from GIOISX.AD50 where rownum<20000" table=GIOISX.AD50 mode=APPEND head=yes  file=/home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_%B.csv batch=yes rows=5000
           0 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:08:42, size 0 MB.
        5000 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:08:43, size 0 MB.
         output file /home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_1.csv closed at 5000 rows, size 1 MB.
        5000 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:08:43, size 1 MB.
         output file /home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_2.csv closed at 5000 rows, size 2 MB.
        5000 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:08:43, size 2 MB.
         output file /home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_3.csv closed at 5000 rows, size 3 MB.
        4999 rows exported at 2019-06-27 16:08:43, size 4 MB.
         output file /home/oracle/jgyl_ad50_4.csv closed at 4999 rows, size 4 MB.

　　

参数说明：

user = username/password@tnsname

sql = SQL file name

query = select statement (选择语句;query参数如果整表导出，可以直接写表名，如果需要查询运算和where条件，query=“sql文本”，也可以把复杂sql写入到文本中由query调用)

field = separator string between fields (

设置导出文件里的分隔符;

默认是逗号分隔符，通过 field参数指定分隔符;

例如现在要改变默认的字段分隔符，用“#”来分隔记录，导出的命令如下所示：
sqluldr2  test/test sql=tmp.sql field=#
　　在指定分隔符时，可以用字符的ASCII代码（0xXX，大写的XX为16进制的ASCII码值）来指定一个字符，常用的字符的ASCII代码如下：
　　回车=0x0d，换行=0x0a，TAB键=0x09，|=0x7c，&=0x26，双引号=0x22，单引号=0x27
　　在选择分隔符时，一定不能选择会在字段值中出现的字符)

record = separator string between records (记录之间的分隔字符串;分隔符  指定记录分隔符，默认为回车换行，Windows下的换行)

rows = print progress for every given rows (default, 1000000)

file = output file name(default: uldrdata.txt) (输出文件名（默认：uldrdata.txt）)

log = log file name, prefix with + to append mode (日志文件名，前缀加+模式)

fast = auto tuning the session level parameters(YES)

text = output type (MYSQL, CSV, MYSQLINS, ORACLEINS, FORM, SEARCH).

charset = character set name of the target database. (目标数据库的字符集名称;导出文件里有中文显示乱码，需要设置参数charset=UTF8)

ncharset= national character set name of the target database.

parfile = read command option from parameter file (从参数文件读取命令选项;可以把参数放到parfile文件里，这个参数对于复杂sql很有用)

read = set DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT at session level

sort = set SORT_AREA_SIZE at session level (UNIT:MB)

hash = set HASH_AREA_SIZE at session level (UNIT:MB)

array = array fetch size

head = print row header(Yes|No)

batch = save to new file for every rows batch (Yes/No) (为每行批处理保存新文件)

size = maximum output file piece size (UNIB:MB)

serial = set _serial_direct_read to TRUE at session level

trace = set event 10046 to given level at session level

table = table name in the sqlldr control file (“TABLE”选项用于指定将文件导入的目标表的名字，例如我们将EMP 表的数据导入到EMP_HIS 表中，假设这两个表的表结构一致，先用如下命令导出数据：

Sqluldr2 … query=”select * from emp” file=emp.txt table=emp_his ……)

control = sqlldr control file and path.

mode = sqlldr option, INSERT or APPEND or REPLACE or TRUNCATE

buffer = sqlldr READSIZE and BINDSIZE, default 16 (MB)

long = maximum long field size

width = customized max column width (w1:w2:...)

quote = optional quote string (可选引用字符串;引号符  指定非数字字段前后的引号符)

data = disable real data unload (NO, OFF)

alter = alter session SQLs to be execute before unload

safe = use large buffer to avoid ORA-24345 error (Yes|No) (使用大缓冲器避免ORA-24345错误;ORA-24345: A Truncation or null fetch error occurred，设置参数safe=yes)

crypt = encrypted user information only (Yes|No)

sedf/t = enable character translation function

null = replace null with given value

escape = escape character for special characters

escf/t = escape from/to characters list

format = MYSQL: MySQL Insert SQLs, SQL: Insert SQLs.

exec = the command to execute the SQLs.

prehead = column name prefix for head line.

rowpre = row prefix string for each line.

rowsuf = row sufix string for each line.

colsep = separator string between column name and value.

presql = SQL or scripts to be executed before data unload.

postsql = SQL or scripts to be executed after data unload.

lob = extract lob values to single file (FILE).

lobdir = subdirectory count to store lob files .

split = table name for automatically parallelization.

degree = parallelize data copy degree (2-128).

for field and record, you can use '0x' to specify hex character code,

\r=0x0d \n=0x0a |=0x7c ,=0x2c, \t=0x09, :=0x3a, #=0x23, "=0x22 '=0x27</span>

参考楼方鑫：

sqluldr2超详细使用教程-loracle数据导出工具及方法