STM32H5移植zbar记录

ZBar是一种流行的二维码扫描和解码工具，它在嵌入式系统中拥有广泛的应用。在嵌入式系统中，我们面临着有限的资源和更严格的性能要求，因此，选择适当的库来完成特定的任务非常重要。
ZBar适用于各种嵌入式平台，包括ARM、x86和MIPS等处理器架构。它可以轻松地整合到各种嵌入式系统中，如智能家居设备、智能手机、平板电脑、远程控制设备、工业控制器等。
ZBar使用C/C++编写，具有高度优化的算法，能够快速准确地读取各种二维码和条形码，包括QR码、Data Matrix码、PDF417码、EAN-13码等等。同时，ZBar还支持自定义解码器，开发者可以根据自己的需求配置扫描器以实现更好的解码效果。
ZBar还具有非常灵活的API，可用于C/C++、Python、Java、Ruby等语言，开发人员可以根据自己的需求灵活选择相应的API。此外，ZBar还支持多种操作系统和平台，包括Linux、Windows、Mac OS X等。
总之，ZBar是一种非常有用的嵌入式二维码和条形码扫描库，它提供了高效的解码算法、可定制的解码器和灵活的API，能够轻松地满足嵌入式设备的扫描和解码需求。

这里感谢之前大佬移植zbar库到stm32，具体链接如下：https://www.cnblogs.com/greyorbit/p/8456814.html

移植步骤也很简单，按照博文把对应文件和头文件路径加入到工程中，然后使用图片数组转成灰度数据，在调用zbar既可以识别。

不过移植后会有一个问题，不能重复调用识别二维码，很容易内存就崩了。为了解决这个问题，让这个zbar库可以真正的用起来，不得不找到问题所在。

这里直观的看就是内存问题，奈何如果从源码直接去查找malloc和free的匹配所需时间太大，只能动态调试查找原因，所以第一步，我移植了rt-thread系统，使用rt的内存管理api。

移植rt-thread很方便，现在stm32代码生成工具cubemx可以直接添加rt-thread库，所以移植rt-thread系统很快。具体如下图：

移植完rt-thread后，就需要把zbar库中用到的malloc、calloc、free等操作函数换成 rt-malloc、rt-calloc、rt-free等，直接用全局搜索和替换。

替换后打开rt的内存调试功能宏定义：在rtdebug.h文件中

更改后既可以看到打印内存申请和释放日志，以下为日志打印内容

malloc size 156
allocate memory at 0x2001008c, size: 168
malloc size 296
allocate memory at 0x20010134, size: 308
malloc size 32
allocate memory at 0x20010268, size: 44
malloc size 48
allocate memory at 0x20010294, size: 60
malloc size 2856
allocate memory at 0x200102d0, size: 2868
malloc size 52
allocate memory at 0x20010e04, size: 64
allocate memory at 0x20010e04, size: 64
malloc size 16
allocate memory at 0x20010e44, size: 28
malloc size 20
allocate memory at 0x20011388, size: 32
malloc size 60
allocate memory at 0x200113a8, size: 72
release memory 0x20011388, size: 32
malloc size 140
allocate memory at 0x200113f0, size: 152
release memory 0x200113a8, size: 72
malloc size 300
allocate memory at 0x20011488, size: 312
release memory 0x200113f0, size: 152
malloc size 620
allocate memory at 0x200115c0, size: 632
release memory 0x20011488, size: 312
malloc size 1260
allocate memory at 0x20011838, size: 1272
release memory 0x200115c0, size: 632
malloc size 2540
allocate memory at 0x20011d30, size: 2552
release memory 0x20011838, size: 1272
malloc size 20
allocate memory at 0x20011388, size: 32
malloc size 60
allocate memory at 0x200113a8, size: 72
release memory 0x20011388, size: 32
malloc size 140
allocate memory at 0x200113f0, size: 152
release memory 0x200113a8, size: 72
malloc size 300
allocate memory at 0x20011488, size: 312
release memory 0x200113f0, size: 152
malloc size 620
allocate memory at 0x200115c0, size: 632
release memory 0x20011488, size: 312
malloc size 1260
allocate memory at 0x20011838, size: 1272
release memory 0x200115c0, size: 632
malloc size 2540
allocate memory at 0x20012728, size: 2552
release memory 0x20011838, size: 1272
malloc size 352
allocate memory at 0x20011388, size: 364
malloc size 352
allocate memory at 0x200114f4, size: 364
malloc size 88
allocate memory at 0x20011660, size: 100
release memory 0x20011660, size: 100
malloc size 440
allocate memory at 0x20011660, size: 452
malloc size 440
allocate memory at 0x20011824, size: 452
malloc size 110, but align to 112
allocate memory at 0x200119e8, size: 124
release memory 0x200119e8, size: 124
malloc size 5792
allocate memory at 0x20013120, size: 5804
malloc size 80
allocate memory at 0x200119e8, size: 92
malloc size 20
allocate memory at 0x20011a44, size: 32
malloc size 32
allocate memory at 0x20011a64, size: 44
malloc size 5, but align to 8
allocate memory at 0x20011a90, size: 24
malloc size 8
allocate memory at 0x20011aa8, size: 24
release memory 0x20011aa8, size: 24
release memory 0x20011a90, size: 24
release memory 0x20011a64, size: 44
release memory 0x20011a44, size: 32
release memory 0x20011824, size: 452
release memory 0x20011660, size: 452
release memory 0x200114f4, size: 364
release memory 0x20011388, size: 364
malloc size 57600
allocate memory at 0x200147cc, size: 57612
malloc size 960
allocate memory at 0x20011388, size: 972
release memory 0x20011388, size: 972
malloc size 3, but align to 4
allocate memory at 0x20011388, size: 24
malloc size 360
allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 372
release memory 0x200113a0, size: 372
malloc size 360
allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 372
release memory 0x200113a0, size: 372
malloc size 176
allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 188
release memory 0x200113a0, size: 188
malloc size 176
allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 188
release memory 0x200113a0, size: 188
malloc size 552
allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 564
malloc size 552
allocate memory at 0x200115d4, size: 564
release memory 0x200113a0, size: 564
release memory 0x200115d4, size: 564
malloc size 52
allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 64
allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 64
malloc size 116
allocate memory at 0x200113e0, size: 128
malloc size 32

allocate memory at 0x20011460, size: 44
malloc size 32
allocate memory at 0x2001148c, size: 44
release memory 0x20011460, size: 44
release memory 0x2001148c, size: 44
malloc size 116
allocate memory at 0x20011460, size: 128
malloc size 8
allocate memory at 0x200114e0, size: 24
malloc size 70, but align to 72
allocate memory at 0x200114f8, size: 84
release memory 0x200113e0, size: 128
release memory 0x200113a0, size: 64
release memory 0x200114e0, size: 24
release memory 0x20011460, size: 128
malloc size 12
allocate memory at 0x200113a0, size: 24
malloc size 15, but align to 16
allocate memory at 0x200113b8, size: 28
release memory 0x200114f8, size: 84
malloc size 48
allocate memory at 0x200113d4, size: 60
release memory 0x20011388, size: 24
malloc size 4
allocate memory at 0x20011388, size: 24
malloc size 1, but align to 4
allocate memory at 0x20011410, size: 24
malloc size 31, but align to 32
allocate memory at 0x20011428, size: 44
malloc size 52
allocate memory at 0x20011454, size: 64
allocate memory at 0x20011454, size: 64
malloc size 8
allocate memory at 0x20011494, size: 24
malloc size 16
allocate memory at 0x200114ac, size: 28
release memory 0x20011494, size: 24
malloc size 24
allocate memory at 0x200114c8, size: 36
release memory 0x200114ac, size: 28
malloc size 32
allocate memory at 0x20011494, size: 52
release memory 0x200114c8, size: 36
malloc size 16
allocate memory at 0x200114c8, size: 28
release memory 0x20011428, size: 44
release memory 0x20011410, size: 24
release memory 0x200113b8, size: 28
release memory 0x200113a0, size: 24
release memory 0x200113d4, size: 60
release memory 0x200147cc, size: 57612
release memory 0x200119e8, size: 92
release memory 0x20013120, size: 5804
n = 1

decoded QR-Code symbol "EEWorld STM32H5"
len = 15
release memory 0x20010e04, size: 64
release memory 0x20011494, size: 52
release memory 0x200114c8, size: 28
release memory 0x20011454, size: 64
release memory 0x20010e44, size: 28
release memory 0x20010294, size: 60
release memory 0x20010268, size: 44
release memory 0x20010134, size: 308
release memory 0x20011d30, size: 2552
release memory 0x20012728, size: 2552
release memory 0x200102d0, size: 2868
release memory 0x2001008c, size: 168
45 45 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 53 54 4D 33 32 48 35 zbar ok
zbar count;56

　通过对申请和释放的对应关系，我们可以分析得出问题所在，zbar库在图片识别后释放了img->data指针，而这个指针是在zbar调用外部申请的空间，是不需要zbar内部释放的，具体代码如下：

int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
    uint8_t test[]="start test\n";
    uint16_t i,j;
    int qr_img_width = 240;

    uint16_t Color;
    uint16_t cnt = 0;

    unsigned char *pic_rgb = (unsigned char *)gImage_test;
    unsigned char *pic_hd = NULL;
	unsigned char *pic_data = NULL;

    void * ptr_start;

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  //HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  //SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_ADC1_Init();
  MX_ETH_Init();
  MX_ICACHE_Init();
  MX_LPUART1_UART_Init();
  //MX_USART3_UART_Init();
  MX_UCPD1_Init();
  MX_USB_PCD_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  pic_data = rt_malloc(qr_img_width*qr_img_width);
  if(pic_data == NULL)
  {
      printf("malloc error\n");
      return 0;
  }
  else
  {
      printf("pic_data:0x%x\n",pic_data);
  }
    //memset(pic_data,0,qr_img_width*qr_img_width);
     pic_hd = pic_data;
    for(i=0;i<qr_img_width;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<qr_img_width;j++)		//将RGB565图片转成灰度
        {

            Color = (*pic_rgb) | (*(pic_rgb+1)<<8);
            *pic_hd = (((Color&0xF800)>> 8)*77+((Color&0x7E0)>>3)*150+((Color&0x001F)<<3)*29)/256;
            pic_hd++;
            pic_rgb++;
            pic_rgb++;

        }
    }

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */

  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */

      if( Zbar_Test((void* )pic_data,qr_img_width,qr_img_width) == 0 )
      {
          printf("zbar failed \n");
          //rt_free(pic_data);
      }
      else
      {
          cnt ++;
          printf("zbar ok \n");
          //rt_free(pic_data);
      }
      printf("zbar count;%d\n",cnt);
      //list_thread();
      rt_thread_mdelay(5000);

  }
  rt_free(pic_data);
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

　　即pic_data灰度图片数据是不需要zbar释放的，但是zbar库中做了释放操作，代码如下：

inline void zbar_image_rt_free_data (zbar_image_t *img)
{
    if(!img)
        return;
    if(img->src) {
        /* replace video image w/new copy */
        assert(img->refcnt); /* FIXME needs lock */
        zbar_image_t *newimg = zbar_image_create();
        memcpy(newimg, img, sizeof(zbar_image_t));
        /* recycle video image */
        newimg->cleanup(newimg);
        /* detach old image from src */
        img->cleanup = NULL;
        img->src = NULL;
        img->srcidx = -1;
    }
    else if(img->cleanup && img->data) {
        if(img->cleanup != zbar_image_rt_free_data) {
            /* using function address to detect this case is a bad idea;
             * windows link libraries add an extra layer of indirection...
             * this works around that problem (bug #2796277)
             */
            zbar_image_cleanup_handler_t *cleanup = img->cleanup;
            img->cleanup = zbar_image_rt_free_data;
            cleanup(img);
        }
//传入图片为外部指针，zbar内部不用free此指针
//        else
//            rt_free((void*)img->data);
    }
    img->data = NULL;
}

　　这里把这一句屏蔽，则可以解决问题，经过我测试，现在已经连续运行上千次

decoded QR-Code symbol "EEWorld STM32H5"
len = 15
45 45 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 53 54 4D 33 32 48 35 zbar ok
zbar count;4290
n = 1

decoded QR-Code symbol "EEWorld STM32H5"
len = 15
45 45 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 53 54 4D 33 32 48 35 zbar ok
zbar count;4291
n = 1

decoded QR-Code symbol "EEWorld STM32H5"
len = 15
45 45 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 53 54 4D 33 32 48 35 zbar ok
zbar count;4292
n = 1

decoded QR-Code symbol "EEWorld STM32H5"
len = 15
45 45 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 53 54 4D 33 32 48 35 zbar ok
zbar count;4293
n = 1

decoded QR-Code symbol "EEWorld STM32H5"
len = 15
45 45 57 6F 72 6C 64 20 53 54 4D 33 32 48 35 zbar ok
zbar count;4294