1.源码安装

[root@master ~]# wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-helm/helm-v2.14.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz

[root@master ~]# tar -zxvf helm-v2.14.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz

linux-amd64/

linux-amd64/tiller

linux-amd64/README.md

linux-amd64/LICENSE

linux-amd64/helm

[root@master ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  helm-v2.14.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz  linux-amd64  token.txt

[root@master ~]# ls linux-amd64/

helm  LICENSE  README.md  tiller

[root@master ~]# mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/bin

[root@master ~]# helm --help

2.脚本安装

[root@master ~]# curl -LO https://git.io/get_helm.sh

[root@master ~]# chmod  get_helm.sh

[root@master ~]# ./get_helm.sh

//[root@master ~]# curl -L https://git.io/get_helm.sh | bash

2.1初始化

[root@master istio-1.1.]# helm init

[root@master istio-1.1.]# helm version

Client: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.14.0", GitCommit:"05811b84a3f93603dd6c2fcfe57944dfa7ab7fd0", GitTreeState:"clean"}

Error: could not find a ready tiller pod

//gcr.io/kubernetes-helm/tiller:v2.11.0镜像被墙,无法下载

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system

NAME                             READY   STATUS             RESTARTS   AGE

coredns-fb8b8dccf-7dt66          /     Running                      14d

coredns-fb8b8dccf-7rt9b          /     Running                      14d

etcd-master                      /     Running                      14d

kube-apiserver-master            /     Running                      14d

kube-controller-manager-master   /     Running                      14d

kube-flannel-ds-amd64-dpdws      /     Running                     14d

kube-flannel-ds-amd64-k8xnf      /     Running                    14d

kube-flannel-ds-amd64-kmc5h      /     Running                      13d

kube-proxy-qjtsd                 /     Running                      14d

kube-proxy-t6lpf                 /     Running                      14d

kube-proxy-t77xh                 /     Running                      13d

kube-scheduler-master            /     Running                      14d

tiller-deploy-765dcb8745-2vswr   /     ImagePullBackOff             18m

2.2解决办法1.helm reset

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pod tiller-deploy-765dcb8745-2vswr -n kube-system

pod "tiller-deploy-765dcb8745-2vswr" deleted

[root@master istio-1.1.]# docker search tiller:v2.14.0

NAME                                          DESCRIPTION                                  STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED

hekai/gcr.io_kubernetes-helm_tiller_v2.14.0   FROM gcr.io/kubernetes-helm/tiller:v2.14.0

//[root@master ~]# helm init --service-account tiller --tiller-image hekai/gcr.io_kubernetes-helm_tiller_v2.14.0 --skip-refresh

//[root@master ~]# helm init -i hekai/gcr.io_kubernetes-helm_tiller_v2.14.0

//更新tiller,使用docker上镜像

[root@master ~]# helm init --upgrade -i hekai/gcr.io_kubernetes-helm_tiller_v2.14.0

[root@master istio-1.1.]# helm version

Client: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.14.0", GitCommit:"05811b84a3f93603dd6c2fcfe57944dfa7ab7fd0", GitTreeState:"clean"}

Server: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.14.0", GitCommit:"05811b84a3f93603dd6c2fcfe57944dfa7ab7fd0", GitTreeState:"clean"}

tiller默认被部署在k8s集群中的kube-system这个namespace下

[root@master istio-1.1.]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -l app=helm

NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE

tiller-deploy-58f5d95b9c-vrbbg   /     Running             24h

3.给予helm的rbac管理权限 

帮助:https://github.com/helm/helm/blob/master/docs/rbac.md

[root@master helm]# vim rbac-config.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: ServiceAccount

metadata:

  name: tiller

  namespace: kube-system

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

kind: ClusterRoleBinding

metadata:

  name: tiller

roleRef:

  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

  kind: ClusterRole

  name: cluster-admin

subjects:

  - kind: ServiceAccount

    name: tiller

    namespace: kube-system

[root@master helm]]# kubectl create -f rbac-config.yaml

serviceaccount "tiller" created

clusterrolebinding "tiller" created

[root@master helm]]# helm init --service-account tiller --history-max

[root@master ~]# helm init --upgrade -i hekai/gcr.io_kubernetes-helm_tiller_v2.14.0
[root@master helm]]# kubectl get sa -n kube-system

4.使用helm

//更新镜像仓库

[root@master helm]# helm repo update

//查看帮助

[root@master helm]# helm --help

//官方仓库,stable是稳定版,incubator预发版

https://hub.helm.sh/

https://hub.kubeapps.com

//查看使用哪些仓库

[root@master helm]# helm repo list

NAME    URL

stable    https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com

local    http://127.0.0.1:8879/charts

常用命令,release管理:

//搜索镜像

[root@master helm]# helm search redis
[root@master helm]# helm install --name redis stable/redis

//安装时要事先准备好pv,下载安装的都在$HOME/.helm/cache/archive/目录下,把.tgz的文件解压然后tree redis查看

[root@master ~]# cd .helm/cache/archive/
[root@master archive]# ls
redis-8.0.5.tgz
[root@master archive]# tar -xzvf redis-8.0.5.tgz
[root@master archive]# ls
redis  redis-8.0.5.tgz
[root@master archive]# cd redis/
[root@master redis]# ls
Chart.yaml  ci  README.md  templates  values-production.yaml  values.yaml
//修改values.yaml,再根据values.yaml安装

[root@master helm]# helm install --name redis -f values.yaml stable/redis

[root@master helm]# helm status redis //此命令有用,用于安装完后需要做哪些操作都有步骤

[root@master helm]# helm history redis //可以用于回滚

[root@master helm]# helm list
NAME REVISION UPDATED                  STATUS  CHART      APP VERSION NAMESPACE

redis 1        Sat Jun  1 10:09:52 2019 DEPLOYED redis-8.0.5 5.0.5      default
[root@master helm]# helm delete --help

[root@master helm]# helm delete --dry-run

[root@master helm]# helm delete jenkins

[root@master helm]# helm upgrade/rollback  //结合history用于回滚

[root@master helm]# helm upgrade nginx-ingress stable/nginx-ingress --namespace ingress-nginx --install -f values.yaml

常用命令,chart管理:

[root@master helm]# helm create

//下载镜像

[root@master helm]# helm fetch

[root@master helm]# helm get

[root@master helm]# helm inspect stable/redis

//打包本地

[root@master helm]# helm package ./
[root@master archive]# tree redis

redis

├── Chart.yaml

├── ci

│   ├── default-values.yaml

│   ├── dev-values.yaml

│   ├── production-sentinel-values.yaml

│   ├── production-values.yaml

│   ├── redisgraph-module-values.yaml

│   └── redis-lib-values.yaml

├── README.md

├── templates

│   ├── configmap.yaml

│   ├── headless-svc.yaml

│   ├── health-configmap.yaml

│   ├── _helpers.tpl

│   ├── metrics-deployment.yaml

│   ├── metrics-prometheus.yaml

│   ├── metrics-svc.yaml

│   ├── networkpolicy.yaml

│   ├── NOTES.txt

│   ├── redis-master-statefulset.yaml

│   ├── redis-master-svc.yaml

│   ├── redis-rolebinding.yaml

│   ├── redis-role.yaml

│   ├── redis-serviceaccount.yaml

│   ├── redis-slave-statefulset.yaml

│   ├── redis-slave-svc.yaml

│   ├── redis-with-sentinel-svc.yaml

│   └── secret.yaml

├── values-production.yaml

└── values.yaml

 directories,  files
//模板语法

[root@master archive]# cat redis/templates/redis-master-statefulset.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1beta2

kind: StatefulSet

metadata:

  name: {{ template "redis.fullname" . }}-master

  labels:

    app: {{ template "redis.name" . }}

    chart: {{ template "redis.chart" . }}

    release: "{{ .Release.Name }}"

    heritage: "{{ .Release.Service }}"

spec:

  selector:

    matchLabels:

      release: "{{ .Release.Name }}"

      role: master

      app: {{ template "redis.name" . }}

  serviceName: {{ template "redis.fullname" . }}-headless

  template:

    metadata:

      labels:

        release: "{{ .Release.Name }}"

        chart: {{ template "redis.chart" . }}

        role: master

        app: {{ template "redis.name" . }}

{{- if .Values.master.podLabels }}

{{ toYaml .Values.master.podLabels | indent  }}

{{- end }}

      annotations:

        checksum/health: {{ include (print $.Template.BasePath "/health-configmap.yaml") . | sha256sum }}

        checksum/configmap: {{ include (print $.Template.BasePath "/configmap.yaml") . | sha256sum }}

        checksum/secret: {{ include (print $.Template.BasePath "/secret.yaml") . | sha256sum }}

      {{- if .Values.master.podAnnotations }}

{{ toYaml .Values.master.podAnnotations | indent  }}

      {{- end }}

    spec:

{{- include "redis.imagePullSecrets" . | indent  }}

      {{- if .Values.securityContext.enabled }}

      securityContext:

        fsGroup: {{ .Values.securityContext.fsGroup }}

      {{- end }}

      serviceAccountName: "{{ template "redis.serviceAccountName" . }}"

      {{- if .Values.master.priorityClassName }}

      priorityClassName: "{{ .Values.master.priorityClassName }}"

      {{- end }}

      {{- with .Values.master.affinity }}

      affinity:

{{ tpl (toYaml .) $ | indent  }}

      {{- end }}

      {{- if .Values.master.nodeSelector }}

      nodeSelector:

{{ toYaml .Values.master.nodeSelector | indent  }}

      {{- end }}

      {{- if .Values.master.tolerations }}

      tolerations:

{{ toYaml .Values.master.tolerations | indent  }}

      {{- end }}

      {{- if .Values.master.schedulerName }}

      schedulerName: "{{ .Values.master.schedulerName }}"

      {{- end }}

      containers:

      - name: {{ template "redis.fullname" . }}

        image: "{{ template "redis.image" . }}"

        imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.image.pullPolicy | quote }}

        {{- if .Values.securityContext.enabled }}

        securityContext:

          runAsUser: {{ .Values.securityContext.runAsUser }}

        {{- end }}

        command:

        - /bin/bash

        - -c

        - |

          if [[ -n $REDIS_PASSWORD_FILE ]]; then

            password_aux=`cat ${REDIS_PASSWORD_FILE}`

            export REDIS_PASSWORD=$password_aux

          fi

          if [[ ! -f /opt/bitnami/redis/etc/master.conf ]];then

            cp /opt/bitnami/redis/mounted-etc/master.conf /opt/bitnami/redis/etc/master.conf

          fi

          if [[ ! -f /opt/bitnami/redis/etc/redis.conf ]];then

            cp /opt/bitnami/redis/mounted-etc/redis.conf /opt/bitnami/redis/etc/redis.conf

          fi

          ARGS=("--port" "${REDIS_PORT}")

          {{- if .Values.usePassword }}

          ARGS+=("--requirepass" "${REDIS_PASSWORD}")

          {{- else }}

          ARGS+=("--protected-mode" "no")

          {{- end }}

          ARGS+=("--include" "/opt/bitnami/redis/etc/redis.conf")

          ARGS+=("--include" "/opt/bitnami/redis/etc/master.conf")

          {{- if .Values.master.command }}

          {{ .Values.master.command }} ${ARGS[@]}

          {{- else }}

          redis-server "${ARGS[@]}"

          {{- end }}

        env:

        - name: REDIS_REPLICATION_MODE

          value: master

        {{- if .Values.usePassword }}

        {{- if .Values.usePasswordFile }}

        - name: REDIS_PASSWORD_FILE

          value: "/opt/bitnami/redis/secrets/redis-password"

        {{- else }}

        - name: REDIS_PASSWORD

          valueFrom:

            secretKeyRef:

              name: {{ template "redis.secretName" . }}

              key: redis-password

        {{- end }}

        {{- else }}

        - name: ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD

          value: "yes"

        {{- end }}

        - name: REDIS_PORT

          value: {{ .Values.redisPort | quote }}

        ports:

        - name: redis

          containerPort: {{ .Values.redisPort }}

        {{- if .Values.master.livenessProbe.enabled }}

        livenessProbe:

          initialDelaySeconds: {{ .Values.master.livenessProbe.initialDelaySeconds }}

          periodSeconds: {{ .Values.master.livenessProbe.periodSeconds }}

          timeoutSeconds: {{ .Values.master.livenessProbe.timeoutSeconds }}

          successThreshold: {{ .Values.master.livenessProbe.successThreshold }}

          failureThreshold: {{ .Values.master.livenessProbe.failureThreshold }}

          exec:

            command:

            - sh

            - -c

            - /health/ping_local.sh {{ .Values.master.livenessProbe.timeoutSeconds }}

        {{- end }}

        {{- if .Values.master.readinessProbe.enabled}}

        readinessProbe:

          initialDelaySeconds: {{ .Values.master.readinessProbe.initialDelaySeconds }}

          periodSeconds: {{ .Values.master.readinessProbe.periodSeconds }}

          timeoutSeconds: {{ .Values.master.readinessProbe.timeoutSeconds }}

          successThreshold: {{ .Values.master.readinessProbe.successThreshold }}

          failureThreshold: {{ .Values.master.readinessProbe.failureThreshold }}

          exec:

            command:

            - sh

            - -c

            - /health/ping_local.sh {{ .Values.master.livenessProbe.timeoutSeconds }}

        {{- end }}

        resources:

{{ toYaml .Values.master.resources | indent  }}

        volumeMounts:

        - name: health

          mountPath: /health

        {{- if .Values.usePasswordFile }}

        - name: redis-password

          mountPath: /opt/bitnami/redis/secrets/

        {{- end }}

        - name: redis-data

          mountPath: {{ .Values.master.persistence.path }}

          subPath: {{ .Values.master.persistence.subPath }}

        - name: config

          mountPath: /opt/bitnami/redis/mounted-etc

        - name: redis-tmp-conf

          mountPath: /opt/bitnami/redis/etc/

      {{- if and .Values.cluster.enabled .Values.sentinel.enabled }}

      - name: sentinel

        image: "{{ template "sentinel.image" . }}"

        imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.sentinel.image.pullPolicy | quote }}

        {{- if .Values.securityContext.enabled }}

        securityContext:

          runAsUser: {{ .Values.securityContext.runAsUser }}

        {{- end }}

        command:

        - /bin/bash

        - -c

        - |

          if [[ -n $REDIS_PASSWORD_FILE ]]; then

            password_aux=`cat ${REDIS_PASSWORD_FILE}`

            export REDIS_PASSWORD=$password_aux

          fi

          if [[ ! -f /opt/bitnami/redis-sentinel/etc/sentinel.conf ]];then

            cp /opt/bitnami/redis-sentinel/mounted-etc/sentinel.conf /opt/bitnami/redis-sentinel/etc/sentinel.conf

            {{- if .Values.usePassword }}

            printf "\nsentinel auth-pass {{ .Values.sentinel.masterSet }} $REDIS_PASSWORD" >> /opt/bitnami/redis-sentinel/etc/sentinel.conf

            {{- end }}

          fi

          echo "Getting information about current running sentinels"

          # Get information from existing sentinels

          existing_sentinels=$(timeout -s  {{ .Values.sentinel.initialCheckTimeout }} redis-cli --raw -h {{ template "redis.fullname" . }} -a $REDIS_PASSWORD -p {{ .Values.sentinel.service.sentinelPort }} SENTINEL sentinels {{ .Values.sentinel.masterSet }})

          echo "$existing_sentinels" | awk -f /health/parse_sentinels.awk | tee -a  /opt/bitnami/redis-sentinel/etc/sentinel.conf

          redis-server /opt/bitnami/redis-sentinel/etc/sentinel.conf --sentinel

        env:

        {{- if .Values.usePassword }}

        {{- if .Values.usePasswordFile }}

        - name: REDIS_PASSWORD_FILE

          value: "/opt/bitnami/redis/secrets/redis-password"

        {{- else }}

        - name: REDIS_PASSWORD

          valueFrom:

            secretKeyRef:

              name: {{ template "redis.secretName" . }}

              key: redis-password

        {{- end }}

        {{- else }}

        - name: ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD

          value: "yes"

        {{- end }}

        - name: REDIS_SENTINEL_PORT

          value: {{ .Values.sentinel.port | quote }}

        ports:

        - name: redis-sentinel

          containerPort: {{ .Values.sentinel.port }}

        {{- if .Values.sentinel.livenessProbe.enabled }}

        livenessProbe:

          initialDelaySeconds: {{ .Values.sentinel.livenessProbe.initialDelaySeconds }}

          periodSeconds: {{ .Values.sentinel.livenessProbe.periodSeconds }}

          timeoutSeconds: {{ .Values.sentinel.livenessProbe.timeoutSeconds }}

          successThreshold: {{ .Values.sentinel.livenessProbe.successThreshold }}

          failureThreshold: {{ .Values.sentinel.livenessProbe.failureThreshold }}

          exec:

            command:

            - sh

            - -c

            - /health/ping_sentinel.sh {{ .Values.sentinel.livenessProbe.timeoutSeconds }}

        {{- end }}

        {{- if .Values.sentinel.readinessProbe.enabled}}

        readinessProbe:

          initialDelaySeconds: {{ .Values.sentinel.readinessProbe.initialDelaySeconds }}

          periodSeconds: {{ .Values.sentinel.readinessProbe.periodSeconds }}

          timeoutSeconds: {{ .Values.sentinel.readinessProbe.timeoutSeconds }}

          successThreshold: {{ .Values.sentinel.readinessProbe.successThreshold }}

          failureThreshold: {{ .Values.sentinel.readinessProbe.failureThreshold }}

          exec:

            command:

            - sh

            - -c

            - /health/ping_sentinel.sh {{ .Values.sentinel.livenessProbe.timeoutSeconds }}

        {{- end }}

        resources:

{{ toYaml .Values.sentinel.resources | indent  }}

        volumeMounts:

        - name: health

          mountPath: /health

        {{- if .Values.usePasswordFile }}

        - name: redis-password

          mountPath: /opt/bitnami/redis/secrets/

        {{- end }}

        - name: redis-data

          mountPath: {{ .Values.master.persistence.path }}

          subPath: {{ .Values.master.persistence.subPath }}

        - name: config

          mountPath: /opt/bitnami/redis-sentinel/mounted-etc

        - name: sentinel-tmp-conf

          mountPath: /opt/bitnami/redis-sentinel/etc/

      {{- end }}

      {{- $needsVolumePermissions := and .Values.volumePermissions.enabled (and ( and .Values.master.persistence.enabled (not .Values.persistence.existingClaim) ) .Values.securityContext.enabled) }}

      {{- if or $needsVolumePermissions .Values.sysctlImage.enabled }}

      initContainers:

      {{- if $needsVolumePermissions }}

      - name: volume-permissions

        image: "{{ template "redis.volumePermissions.image" . }}"

        imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.volumePermissions.image.pullPolicy | quote }}

        command: ["/bin/chown", "-R", "{{ .Values.securityContext.runAsUser }}:{{ .Values.securityContext.fsGroup }}", "{{ .Values.master.persistence.path }}"]

        securityContext:

          runAsUser:

        resources:

{{ toYaml .Values.volumePermissions.resources | indent  }}

        volumeMounts:

        - name: redis-data

          mountPath: {{ .Values.master.persistence.path }}

          subPath: {{ .Values.master.persistence.subPath }}

      {{- end }}

      {{- if .Values.sysctlImage.enabled }}

      - name: init-sysctl

        image: {{ template "redis.sysctl.image" . }}

        imagePullPolicy: {{ default "" .Values.sysctlImage.pullPolicy | quote }}

        resources:

{{ toYaml .Values.sysctlImage.resources | indent  }}

        {{- if .Values.sysctlImage.mountHostSys }}

        volumeMounts:

        - name: host-sys

          mountPath: /host-sys

        {{- end }}

        command:

{{ toYaml .Values.sysctlImage.command | indent  }}

        securityContext:

          privileged: true

          runAsUser:

      {{- end }}

      {{- end }}

      volumes:

      - name: health

        configMap:

          name: {{ template "redis.fullname" . }}-health

          defaultMode:

      {{- if .Values.usePasswordFile }}

      - name: redis-password

        secret:

          secretName: {{ template "redis.secretName" . }}

      {{- end }}

      - name: config

        configMap:

          name: {{ template "redis.fullname" . }}

      {{- if not .Values.master.persistence.enabled }}

      - name: "redis-data"

        emptyDir: {}

      {{- else }}

      {{- if .Values.persistence.existingClaim }}

      - name: "redis-data"

        persistentVolumeClaim:

          claimName: {{ .Values.persistence.existingClaim }}

      {{- end }}

      {{- end }}

      {{- if .Values.sysctlImage.mountHostSys }}

      - name: host-sys

        hostPath:

          path: /sys

      {{- end }}

      - name: redis-tmp-conf

        emptyDir: {}

      {{- if and .Values.cluster.enabled .Values.sentinel.enabled }}

      - name: sentinel-tmp-conf

        emptyDir: {}

      {{- end }}

  {{- if and .Values.master.persistence.enabled (not .Values.persistence.existingClaim) }}

  volumeClaimTemplates:

    - metadata:

        name: redis-data

        labels:

          app: "{{ template "redis.name" . }}"

          component: "master"

          release: {{ .Release.Name | quote }}

          heritage: {{ .Release.Service | quote }}

      spec:

        accessModes:

        {{- range .Values.master.persistence.accessModes }}

          - {{ . | quote }}

        {{- end }}

        resources:

          requests:

            storage: {{ .Values.master.persistence.size | quote }}

      {{- if .Values.master.persistence.storageClass }}

      {{- if (eq "-" .Values.master.persistence.storageClass) }}

        storageClassName: ""

      {{- else }}

        storageClassName: {{ .Values.master.persistence.storageClass | quote }}

      {{- end }}

      {{- end }}

  {{- end }}

  updateStrategy:

    type: {{ .Values.master.statefulset.updateStrategy }}

    {{- if .Values.master.statefulset.rollingUpdatePartition }}

    {{- if (eq "Recreate" .Values.master.statefulset.updateStrategy) }}

    rollingUpdate: null

    {{- else }}

    rollingUpdate:

      partition: {{ .Values.master.statefulset.rollingUpdatePartition }}

    {{- end }}

    {{- end }}

用法:
https://helm.sh/docs/
https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/3435.html

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