Java调用Http/Https接口(6)--RestTemplate调用Http/Https接口
RestTemplate是Spring提供的用于访问Http接口的客户端，提供同步的API；在将来的Spring版本中可能会过时，将逐渐被WebClient替代。文中所使用到的软件版本：Java 1.8.0_191、SpringBoot 2.2.1.RELEASE。
1、服务端
2、调用Http接口
2.1、GET请求
public static void get() {
try {
String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser?userId=1000&userName=李白";
RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
//System.out.println(template.getMessageConverters());
//第二个为StringHttpMessageConverter
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.getForEntity(requestPath, String.class);
System.out.println("get返回状态：" + response.getStatusCode());
System.out.println("get返回结果：" + response.getBody());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
2.2、POST请求(发送键值对数据）
public static void post() {
String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser";
RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
MultiValueMap<String, String> map = new LinkedMultiValueMap <String, String>();
map.add("userId", "1000");
map.add("userName", "李白");
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.postForEntity(requestPath, map, String.class);
System.out.println("post返回状态：" + response.getStatusCode());
System.out.println("post返回结果：" + response.getBody());
}
2.3、POST请求(发送JSON数据）
public static void post2() {
String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/addUser";
RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
String param = "{\"userId\": \"1001\",\"userName\":\"杜甫\"}";
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.add("Content-Type", "application/json");
HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(param, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.postForEntity(requestPath, entity, String.class);
System.out.println("post json返回状态：" + response.getStatusCode());
System.out.println("post json返回结果：" + response.getBody());
}
2.4、上传文件
public static void upload() {
String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/upload";
RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.add("Content-Type", "file/*");
HttpEntity<FileSystemResource> entity = new HttpEntity<FileSystemResource>(new FileSystemResource("d:/a.jpg"), headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.postForEntity(requestPath, entity, String.class);
System.out.println("upload返回状态：" + response.getStatusCode());
System.out.println("upload返回结果：" + response.getBody());
}
2.5、上传文件及发送键值对数据
public static void mulit() {
String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/multi";
RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
MultiValueMap<String, Object> map = new LinkedMultiValueMap <String, Object>();
map.add("param1", "参数1");
map.add("param2", "参数2");
map.add("file", new FileSystemResource("d:/a.jpg"));
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.postForEntity(requestPath, map, String.class);
System.out.println("mulit返回状态：" + response.getStatusCode());
System.out.println("mulit返回结果：" + response.getBody());
}
2.6、完整例子
package com.inspur.demo.http.client; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; /**
*
* 通过RestTemplate调用Http接口
*
*/
public class RestTemplateCase {
/**
* GET请求
*/
public static void get() {
try {
String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser?userId=1000&userName=李白";
RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
//System.out.println(template.getMessageConverters());
//第二个为StringHttpMessageConverter
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.getForEntity(requestPath, String.class);
System.out.println("get返回状态：" + response.getStatusCode());
System.out.println("get返回结果：" + response.getBody());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* POST请求(发送键值对数据)
*/
public static void post() {
String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser";
RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
MultiValueMap<String, String> map = new LinkedMultiValueMap <String, String>();
map.add("userId", "1000");
map.add("userName", "李白");
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.postForEntity(requestPath, map, String.class);
System.out.println("post返回状态：" + response.getStatusCode());
System.out.println("post返回结果：" + response.getBody());
} /**
* POST请求(发送json数据)
*/
public static void post2() {
String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/addUser";
RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8"))); String param = "{\"userId\": \"1001\",\"userName\":\"杜甫\"}";
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.add("Content-Type", "application/json");
HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(param, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.postForEntity(requestPath, entity, String.class);
System.out.println("post json返回状态：" + response.getStatusCode());
System.out.println("post json返回结果：" + response.getBody());
} /**
* 上传文件
*/
public static void upload() {
String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/upload";
RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.add("Content-Type", "file/*");
HttpEntity<FileSystemResource> entity = new HttpEntity<FileSystemResource>(new FileSystemResource("d:/a.jpg"), headers); ResponseEntity<String> response = template.postForEntity(requestPath, entity, String.class);
System.out.println("upload返回状态：" + response.getStatusCode());
System.out.println("upload返回结果：" + response.getBody());
} /**
* 上传文件及发送键值对数据
*/
public static void mulit() {
String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/multi";
RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
MultiValueMap<String, Object> map = new LinkedMultiValueMap <String, Object>();
map.add("param1", "参数1");
map.add("param2", "参数2");
map.add("file", new FileSystemResource("d:/a.jpg"));
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.postForEntity(requestPath, map, String.class);
System.out.println("mulit返回状态：" + response.getStatusCode());
System.out.println("mulit返回结果：" + response.getBody());
} public static void main(String[] args) {
get();
post();
post2();
upload();
mulit();
}
}
3、调用Https接口
与调用Http接口不一样的部分主要在设置ssl部分，设置方法是扩展SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory并在prepareConnection方法中进行ssl的设置；ssl的设置与HttpsURLConnection很相似(参见Java调用Http/Https接口(2)--HttpURLConnection/HttpsURLConnection调用Http/Https接口)；下面用GET请求来演示ssl的设置，其他调用方式类似。
package com.inspur.demo.http.client; import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManager;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import com.inspur.demo.common.util.FileUtil; /**
* 通过RestTemplate调用Https接口
*/
public class RestTemplateHttpsCase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
/*
* 请求有权威证书的地址
*/
String requestPath = "https://www.baidu.com/";
RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.getForEntity(requestPath, String.class);
System.out.println("get1返回结果：" + response.getBody()); /*
* 请求自定义证书的地址
*/
//获取信任证书库
KeyStore trustStore = getkeyStore("jks", "d:/temp/cacerts", "123456"); //不需要客户端证书
requestPath = "https://10.40.x.x:9010/zsywservice";
template = new RestTemplate(new HttpsClientRequestFactory(trustStore));
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
response = template.getForEntity(requestPath, String.class);
System.out.println("get2返回结果：" + response.getBody()); //需要客户端证书
requestPath = "https://10.40.x.x:9016/zsywservice";
KeyStore keyStore = getkeyStore("pkcs12", "d:/client.p12", "123456");
template = new RestTemplate(new HttpsClientRequestFactory(keyStore, "123456", trustStore));
template.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
response = template.getForEntity(requestPath, String.class);
System.out.println("get3返回结果：" + response.getBody());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
* 获取证书
* @return
*/
private static KeyStore getkeyStore(String type, String filePath, String password) {
KeyStore keySotre = null;
FileInputStream in = null;
try {
keySotre = KeyStore.getInstance(type);
in = new FileInputStream(new File(filePath));
keySotre.load(in, password.toCharArray());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
FileUtil.close(in);
}
return keySotre;
} /**
* 扩展SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory以支持Https
*/
private static class HttpsClientRequestFactory extends SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory {
private KeyStore keyStore;
private String keyStorePassword;
private KeyStore trustStore; public HttpsClientRequestFactory(KeyStore keyStore, String keyStorePassword, KeyStore trustStore) {
this.keyStore = keyStore;
this.keyStorePassword = keyStorePassword;
this.trustStore = trustStore;
} public HttpsClientRequestFactory(KeyStore trustStore) {
this.trustStore = trustStore;
} @Override
protected void prepareConnection(HttpURLConnection connection, String httpMethod) throws IOException {
try {
if (!(connection instanceof HttpsURLConnection)) {
throw new RuntimeException("An instance of HttpsURLConnection is expected");
}
HttpsURLConnection httpsConnection = (HttpsURLConnection) connection; KeyManager[] keyManagers = null;
TrustManager[] trustManagers = null;
if (this.keyStore != null) {
KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, keyStorePassword.toCharArray());
keyManagers = keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers();
}
if (this.trustStore != null) {
TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
trustManagerFactory.init(trustStore);
trustManagers = trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();
} else {
trustManagers = new TrustManager[] { new DefaultTrustManager()};
} SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(keyManagers, trustManagers, null);
httpsConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());
//验证URL的主机名和服务器的标识主机名是否匹配
httpsConnection.setHostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
@Override
public boolean verify(String s, SSLSession sslSession) {
//if ("xxx".equals(hostname)) {
// return true;
//} else {
// return false;
//}
return true;
}
}); super.prepareConnection(httpsConnection, httpMethod);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} private static final class DefaultTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
} @Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
} @Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
}
}
4、AsyncRestTemplate
该模板已过时，建议使用WebClient替代。
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