记录一次CentOS环境升级Python2.6到Python2.7并安装最新版pip

背景介绍

一次实验中需要安装python-etcd包。安装这个包时要求的python和pip版本比目前系统的版本高。

系统是centos6.6    64位

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[root@minion01 ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 [root@minion01 ~]# uname -m x86_64 [root@minion01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.6 (Final) [root@minion01 ~]#

使用pip安装python-ectd包时提示命令找不到，需要先安装python-pip，pip是python的包管理工具

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[root@minion01 ~]# pip install python-etcd -bash: pip: command not found [root@minion01 ~]# yum install python-pip -y Installed:   python-pip.noarch 0:7.1.0-1.el6     此处省略安装过程     [root@minion01 ~]#

继续安装python-ectd，提示pip版本太低，需要先升级pip。

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[root@minion01 ~]# pip install python-etcd /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.   InsecurePlatformWarning You are using pip version 7.1.0, however version 9.0.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. Collecting python-etcd /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.   InsecurePlatformWarning   Downloading python-etcd-0.4.3.tar.gz     Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:     Traceback (most recent call last):       File "<string>", line 20, in <module>       File "/tmp/pip-build-dByULi/python-etcd/setup.py", line 12, in <module>         if sys.version_info.major == 2:     AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'major'           ---------------------------------------- Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-dByULi/python-etcd

按照上面的提示先升级pip

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[root@minion01 ~]# pip install --upgrade pip You are using pip version 7.1.0, however version 9.0.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. <br>This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.   InsecurePlatformWarning Collecting pip   Downloading pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)     100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 46kB/s Installing collected packages: pip   Found existing installation: pip 7.1.0     Uninstalling pip-7.1.0:       Successfully uninstalled pip-7.1.0 Successfully installed pip-9.0.1

继续执行命令，提示python版本太低

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[root@minion01 ~]# pip install python-etcd DEPRECATION: Python 2.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team, please upgrade your Python. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.6 Collecting python-etcd   Using cached python-etcd-0.4.3.tar.gz     Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:     Traceback (most recent call last):       File "<string>", line 1, in <module>       File "/tmp/pip-build-okuCUU/python-etcd/setup.py", line 12, in <module>         if sys.version_info.major == 2:     AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'major'           ---------------------------------------- Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-okuCUU/python-etcd/

查看当前系统默认的python版本

1 2	[root@minion01 ~]# python -V Python 2.6.6

下载并解压python2.7.10

新建一个tools目录用于存放下载的tar包，下载并解压，命令如下

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[root@minion01 ~]# mkdir /tools -p [root@minion01 ~]# cd /tools [root@minion01 tools]# wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.10/Python-2.7.10.tar.xz [root@minion01 tools]# unxz Python-2.7.10.tar.xz [root@minion01 tools]# tar -xf Python-2.7.10.tar [root@minion01 tools]# cd Python-2.7.10

配置编译参数

1	[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# ./configure --enable-shared --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions --with-zlib

修改一个文件

1 2	[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# vim ./Modules/Setup 找到#zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz去掉注释并保存，然后进行编译和安装

编译和安装

1	[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# make && make install

查看安装后的结果，备份原先的可执行文件，给新的文件做软链接

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[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# ll /usr/local/bin/ total 48 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   101 Dec 19 13:29 2to3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    99 Dec 19 13:29 idle -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    84 Dec 19 13:29 pydoc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     7 Dec 19 13:29 python -> python2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     9 Dec 19 13:29 python2 -> python2.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  9776 Dec 19 13:29 python2.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  1687 Dec 19 13:29 python2.7-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    16 Dec 19 13:29 python2-config -> python2.7-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    14 Dec 19 13:29 python-config -> python2-config -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18547 Dec 19 13:29 smtpd.py [root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# mv /usr/bin/python  /usr/bin/python_bak [root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

再次查看版本，遇到如下报错，修改配置文件

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[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# python -V python: error while loading shared libraries: libpython2.7.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory <br>编辑配置文件，添加新的一行内容/usr/local/lib，保存退出 [root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf<br><br>查看添加后的结果，在第一行 [root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf /usr/local/lib include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf<br><br>执行ldconfig加载配置 [root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# ldconfig<br><br>再次执行查看版本命令，正确显示 [root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]#  python -V Python 2.7.10

再次执行安装python-ectd，有报错。pip有问题

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[root@minion01 tools]# pip install python-etcd Traceback (most recent call last):   File "/usr/bin/pip", line 7, in <module>     from pip import main ImportError: No module named pip [root@minion01 tools]#

为了解决上面问题，手动安装pip，依次执行下面命令

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[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# cd .. [root@minion01 tools]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py [root@minion01 tools]# python get-pip.py [root@minion01 tools]# mv /usr/bin/pip  /usr/bin/pip_bak [root@minion01 tools]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip2.7 /usr/bin/pip

再次安装python-ectd，成功执行

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再次安装python-etcd，成功了 [root@minion01 tools]# pip install python-etcd Collecting python-etcd   Using cached python-etcd-0.4.3.tar.gz Collecting urllib3>=1.7.1 (from python-etcd)   Downloading urllib3-1.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (104kB)     100% |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 65kB/s Collecting dnspython (from python-etcd)   Downloading dnspython-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (177kB)     100% |████████████████████████████████| 184kB 68kB/s Building wheels for collected packages: python-etcd   Running setup.py bdist_wheel for python-etcd ... done   Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/a4/72/72/513173535d5ec25c11dbb53ce7c53c92746bff62b362a402a7 Successfully built python-etcd Installing collected packages: urllib3, dnspython, python-etcd Successfully installed dnspython-1.15.0 python-etcd-0.4.3 urllib3-1.19.1 [root@minion01 tools]#