OpenWrt中对USB文件系统的操作, 以及读写性能测试

参考 http://h-wrt.com/en/doc/flash

1. 查看usb存储在启动日志中的信息

# dmesg

[    5.720000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[    5.730000] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[    5.740000] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[    5.740000] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[    5.750000] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver
[    5.760000] ehci-platform ehci-platform: EHCI Host Controller
[    5.760000] ehci-platform ehci-platform: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number
[    5.770000] ehci-platform ehci-platform: irq , io mem 0x1b000000
[    5.800000] ehci-platform ehci-platform: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[    5.800000] hub -:1.0: USB hub found
[    5.810000] hub -:1.0:  ports detected
[    5.810000] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
[    5.820000] ohci-platform: OHCI generic platform driver
[    5.820000] ohci-platform ohci-platform: Generic Platform OHCI controller
[    5.830000] ohci-platform ohci-platform: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number
[    5.840000] ohci-platform ohci-platform: irq , io mem 0x1c000000
[    5.910000] hub -:1.0: USB hub found
[    5.910000] hub -:1.0:  ports detected
[    6.140000] usb -: new high-speed USB device number  using ehci-platform
[    6.720000] init: - preinit -
[    7.250000] ar71xx: pll_reg 0xb8050010: 0x11110000
[    7.250000] eth0: link up (1000Mbps/Full duplex)
[    7.270000] random: procd urandom read with  bits of entropy available
[   10.540000] jffs2: notice: () jffs2_build_xattr_subsystem: complete building xattr subsystem,  of xdatum ( unchecked,  orphan) and  of xref ( dead,  orphan) found.
[   10.570000] mount_root: loading kmods from internal overlay
[   11.460000] SCSI subsystem initialized
[   11.460000] uhci_hcd: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver
[   11.470000] usb-storage -:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[   11.480000] scsi host0: usb-storage -:1.0
[   11.490000] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[   11.740000] block: attempting to load /tmp/jffs_cfg/upper/etc/config/fstab
[   11.760000] block: extroot: not configured
[   11.760000] mount_root: switching to jffs2 overlay
[   11.800000] eth0: link down
[   11.820000] procd: - early -
[   11.820000] procd: - watchdog -
[   12.490000] scsi :::: Direct-Access     Generic- SD/MMC           1.00 PQ:  ANSI:  CCS
[   12.560000] procd: - ubus -
[   13.170000] sd :::: [sda]  -byte logical blocks: (15.4 GB/14.4 GiB)
[   13.200000] sd :::: [sda] Write Protect is off
[   13.200000] sd :::: [sda] Mode Sense:
[   13.200000] sd :::: [sda] No Caching mode page found
[   13.210000] sd :::: [sda] Assuming drive cache: write through
[   13.240000]  sda: sda1
[   13.250000] sd :::: [sda] Attached SCSI removable disk

2. 用fdisk对usb storage进行分区

root@WNDR3800:~# fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.25.).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

# 查看磁盘信息
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 14.4 GiB,  bytes,  sectors
Units: sectors of  *  =  bytes
Sector size (logical/physical):  bytes /  bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal):  bytes /  bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1           .4G   HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

# 删除分区
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition
Partition  has been deleted.
# 创建新分区, 直接回车, 回车
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary ( primary,  extended,  free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (-, default ):
First sector (-, default ):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (-, default ): 

Created a new partition  of type 'Linux' and of size 14.4 GiB.
# 保存
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busy

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe() or kpartx().

# 重启
root@WNDR3800:~# reboot

3. 使用ext4格式化

# 查看命令参数
root@WNDR3800:~# mkfs.ext4
Usage: mkfs.ext4 [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-C cluster-size]
    [-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-J journal-options]
    [-G flex-group-size] [-N number-of-inodes]
    [-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os]
    [-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory]
    [-O feature[,...]] [-r fs-revision] [-E extended-option[,...]]
    [-t fs-type] [-T usage-type ] [-U UUID] [-jnqvDFKSV] device [blocks-count]
# 格式化
root@WNDR3800:~# mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -L Ext4U01 /dev/sda1
mke2fs 1.42. (-Aug-)
Creating filesystem with  4k blocks and  inodes
Filesystem UUID: 355a69cf-7a07--a97d-f81a6956c786
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    , , , , , , , , 

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal ( blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:   /
done
# 完成
# 如果要设置为swap分区
mkswap /dev/sda1 
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 523235840 bytes

4. 重启后(让其自动mount), 查看文件系统, 如果df没有-T参数, 可以直接用mount命令查看格式

root@WNDR3800:~# df -h -T
Filesystem           Type            Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
rootfs               rootfs         12.1M      3.5M      8.6M  % /
/dev/root            squashfs        2.3M      2.3M          % /rom
tmpfs                tmpfs          61.5M    .0K     61.3M   % /tmp
/dev/mtdblock5       jffs2          12.1M      3.5M      8.6M  % /overlay
overlayfs:/overlay   overlay        12.1M      3.5M      8.6M  % /
tmpfs                tmpfs         .0K             .0K   % /dev
/dev/sda1            ext4           .1G     36.0M     .3G   % /mnt/sda1

[root@TIMEPLUG_CF37:/root]#mount
rootfs on / type rootfs (rw)
/dev/root on /rom type squashfs (ro,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noatime)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noatime)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noatime)
/dev/mtdblock7 on /overlay type jffs2 (rw,noatime)
overlayfs:/overlay on / type overlayfs (rw,noatime,lowerdir=/,upperdir=/overlay)
tmpfs on /dev type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=512k,mode=)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,mode=)
/dev/sda1 on /mnt/sda1 type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
/dev/mtdblock6 on /mnt/mtdblock6 type squashfs (ro,relatime)

5. 性能测试. 需要hdparm, 如果没有的话, 通过opkg install hdparm安装

root@WNDR3800:~# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda

/dev/sda:
 Timing cached reads:    MB in  2.01 seconds = 127.67 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads:   MB in  3.09 seconds =  14.24 MB/sec

以及dd

root@WNDR3800:/mnt/sda1# time dd count= bs=1M if=/dev/zero of=test.test
+ records in
+ records out
real    0m .65s
user    0m .00s
sys    0m .74s

计算大致的写入为 128/28.64=4.47MB/s

Update 2017-10-08: 使用unitek(优越者)某款2.5寸usb3.0硬盘盒挂载时出现错误导致被挂载为只读, 具体错误为

Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   19.904000] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounting ext3 file system using the ext4 subsystem
Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   19.968000] sd :::: [sda] Invalid command failure
Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   19.972000] sd :::: [sda]
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   19.976000] Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   19.980000] sd :::: [sda]
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   19.984000] Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   19.988000] sd :::: [sda]
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   19.992000] ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0
Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   19.992000] sd :::: [sda] CDB:
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   19.996000] cdb[]=0x2a: 2a
Thu Oct   ::  kern.err kernel: [   20.000000] end_request: critical target error, dev sda, sector
Thu Oct   ::  kern.err kernel: [   20.008000] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   20.016000] lost page write due to I/O error on sda1
Thu Oct   ::  kern.err kernel: [   20.020000] JBD2: Error - detected when updating journal superblock for sda1-.
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   20.028000] EXT4-fs warning (device sda1): ext4_clear_journal_err:: Filesystem error recorded from previous mount: IO failure
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   20.040000] EXT4-fs warning (device sda1): ext4_clear_journal_err:: Marking fs in need of filesystem check.
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   20.056000] EXT4-fs (sda1): warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended
Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   20.068000] EXT4-fs (sda1): recovery complete
Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   20.072000] sd :::: [sda] Invalid command failure
Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   20.076000] sd :::: [sda]
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   20.080000] Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   20.084000] sd :::: [sda]
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   20.088000] Sense Key : 0x5 [current]
Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   20.092000] sd :::: [sda]
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   20.096000] ASC=0x24 ASCQ=0x0
Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   20.100000] sd :::: [sda] CDB:
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   20.100000] cdb[]=0x2a: 2a
Thu Oct   ::  kern.err kernel: [   20.108000] end_request: critical target error, dev sda, sector
Thu Oct   ::  kern.err kernel: [   20.112000] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block
Thu Oct   ::  kern.warn kernel: [   20.120000] lost page write due to I/O error on sda1
Thu Oct   ::  kern.err kernel: [   20.124000] JBD2: Error - detected when updating journal superblock for sda1-.
Thu Oct   ::  kern.err kernel: [   20.132000] Aborting journal on device sda1-.
Thu Oct   ::  kern.info kernel: [   20.136000] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: 

以及

Thu Oct   ::  kern.crit kernel: [   22.264000] EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_journal_check_start:: Detected aborted journal
Thu Oct   ::  kern.crit kernel: [   22.272000] EXT4-fs (sda1): Remounting filesystem read-only
Thu Oct   ::  daemon.err block: /dev/sda1 is already mounted on /mnt/sda1

在更换为其他硬盘盒(硬盘不变)后, 错误消失.