python---difflib

文件内容差异对比

difflib为python的标准库模块，无需安装。作用时对比文本之间的差异。并且支持输出可读性比较强的HTML文档，与LInux下的diff 命令相似。在版本控制方面非常有用。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#Author: 小祎

import difflib
text1 = """ #定义字符串1
user www www;
worker_processes 2;

error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

pid logs/nginx.pid;

events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 2048;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

server {
listen 80;
server_name itoatest.example.com;
root /apps/oaapp;

charset utf-8;
access_log logs/host.access.log main;

"""
text1_lines = text1.splitlines() #以行进行分割

text2 = """ #定义字符串2
user www www;
worker_processes 2;

error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

pid logs/nginx.pid;

events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 2000;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

server {
listen 80;
server_name itoatest.example.com;
root /apps/oaapp;

charset utf-8;
access_log logs/host.access.log main;

"""
text2_lines = text2.splitlines()

d = difflib.Differ()#创建Differ对象
diff = d.compare(text1_lines,text2_lines)
print('\n'.join(list(diff)))

符号	含义
'-'	包含在第一个系列行中，但不包含第二个。
'+'	包含在第二个系列行中，但不包含第一个。
' '	两个系列行一致
'?'	存在增量差异
'^'	存在差异字符

生成对比HTML格式 文档

　　使用HtmlDiff()类的make_file()方法生成HTML文档

#对上面代码修改

# d = difflib.Differ()#创建Differ对象
# diff = d.compare(text1_lines,text2_lines)
# print('\n'.join(list(diff)))

d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
print(d.make_file(text1_lines,text2_lines))

　python xxx.py > diff.html

对比Nginx配置文件差异脚本

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#Author: guhf

import difflib
import string
import sys

try:
    textfile1 = sys.argv[1]
    textfile2 = sys.argv[2]
except Exception:
    print("Error:" + str(e))
    print("Usage: xxxx.py filename1 filename2")
    sys.exit()
def readfile(filename):
    try:
        fileHandle = open(filename,'r')
        text = fileHandle.read().splitlines()
        fileHandle.close()
        return text
    except IOError as error:
        print('Read file Error:' + str(error))
        sys.exit()

if textfile1 == "" or textfile2 == "":
    print("Usage:test.py filename1 filename2")
    sys.exit()

text1_lines = readfile(textfile1)
text2_lines = readfile(textfile2)

d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
print(d.make_file(text1_lines,text2_lines))