利用BBED恢复UPDATE改动前的值

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实验步骤例如以下：

1、创建表guo_test1

gyj@PROD> create table guoyJoe_t1(id int,name varchar2(10));

Table created.

gyj@PROD> insert into guoyJoe_t1 values(1,'guoyJoe');

1 row created.

gyj@PROD> insert into guoyJoe_t1 values(1,'tom');

1 row created.

gyj@PROD> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

2、查出这行记录的DBA

gyj@PROD> select name,dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) file#,dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) block#,dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid)    row# from guoyJoe_t1;

NAME            FILE#     BLOCK#       ROW#
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
guoyJoe             5      20877          0
tom                 5      20877          1

3、刷数据缓存

gyj@PROD> alter system flush buffer_cache;

System altered.

4、利用BBED找到这行记录（改动前的值：guoyJoe）

BBED> BBED> set file 5    block 20877
        FILE#           5
        BLOCK#          20877

--观察行头
BBED> p kdbr
sb2 kdbr[0]                                 @118      8074
sb2 kdbr[1]                                 @120      8064

BBED> p *kdbr[0]
rowdata[10]
-----------
ub1 rowdata[10]                             @8174     0x2c

--观察事务
BBBED> x /rnc
rowdata[10]                                 @8174    
-----------
flag@8174: 0x2c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH)
lock@8175: 0x01
cols@8176:    2

col    0[2] @8177: 1 
col    1[7] @8180: guoyJoe

---观察空间
BBED> p kdbhavsp
sb2 kdbhavsp                                @110      8042

BBED> p kdbhtosp
sb2 kdbhtosp                                @112      8042

5、发生UPDATE语句，把原来的值guoyJoe改动成oracledba

gyj@PROD> update guoyJoe_t1 set name='oracledba' where name='guoyJoe';

1 row updated.

gyj@PROD> commit;

Commit complete

6、刷数据缓存

gyj@PROD> alter system flush buffer_cache;

System altered.

7、利用BBED找到这行被改动后的记录（改动后的值上：oracledba）

BBED> set file 5    block 20877
        FILE#           5
        BLOCK#          20877

--观察行头
BBED> p kdbr
sb2 kdbr[0]                                 @118      8048
sb2 kdbr[1]                                 @120      8064

BBED> p *kdbr[0]
rowdata[0]
----------
ub1 rowdata[0]                              @8148     0x2c

--观察事务
BBED> x /rnc
rowdata[0]                                  @8148    
----------
flag@8148: 0x2c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH)
lock@8149: 0x01
cols@8150:    2

col    0[2] @8151: 1 
col    1[9] @8154: oracledba

---观察空间
BBED> p kdbhavsp
sb2 kdbhavsp                                @110      8040

BBED> p kdbhtosp  
sb2 kdbhtosp                                @112      8040

8、对照改动前与改动后的数据

BBED> d /v offset 8174 count 16
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 20877   Offsets: 8174 to 8189  Dba:0x0140518d
-------------------------------------------------------
 2c000202 c1020767 756f794a 6f650106 l ,...á..guoyJoe..

BBED> d /v offset 8148 count 16
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 20877   Offsets: 8148 to 8163  Dba:0x0140518d
-------------------------------------------------------
 2c010202 c102096f 7261636c 65646261 l ,...á..oracledba

9、開始恢复
（1）改动row directory指针位置（@118）
--改动前
BBED> p kdbr
sb2 kdbr[0]                                 @118      8074
--改动后
BBED> p kdbr
sb2 kdbr[0]                                 @118      8048
gyj@PROD> select to_char('8074','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

TO_CHAR('8074',
---------------
           1f8a

gyj@PROD> select to_char('8048','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

TO_CHAR('8048',
---------------
           1f70

BBED> d /v offset 118 count 16
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 20877   Offsets:  118 to  133  Dba:0x0140518d
-------------------------------------------------------
 701f801f 00000000 00000000 00000000 l p...............

BBED> modify /x 8a offset 118
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) Y
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 20877            Offsets:  118 to  133           Dba:0x0140518d
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 8a1f801f 00000000 00000000 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 20877:
current = 0x8a00, required = 0x8a00

BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
BLOCK = 20877

Block Checking: DBA = 20992397, Block Type = KTB-managed data block
data header at 0x7f76ff66e264
kdbchk: xaction header lock count mismatch  ----事务锁报错
        trans=1 ilk=1 nlo=0
Block 20877 failed with check code 6108

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1
Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty            : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Blocks Influx           : 0
Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

（2）接下来改动事务锁
---把更新前值的事务锁标记从00改为01
BBBED> x /rnc
rowdata[10]                                 @8174    
-----------
flag@8174: 0x2c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH)
lock@8175: 0x01
cols@8176:    2

BBED> d /v offset 8175 count 16
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 20877   Offsets: 8175 to 8190  Dba:0x0140518d
-------------------------------------------------------
 000202c1 02076775 6f794a6f 6501066f l ...á..guoyJoe..o

BBED> modify /x 01 offset 8175
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 20861            Offsets: 8175 to 8190           Dba:0x0140517d
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 010202c1 02076775 6f794a6f 650106ed

--把更新后值的事务锁标识01改为00
BBED> x /rnc
rowdata[0]                                  @8148    
----------
flag@8148: 0x2c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH)
lock@8149: 0x01
cols@8150:    2

BBED> d /v offset 8149 count 16
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 20877   Offsets: 8149 to 8164  Dba:0x0140518d
-------------------------------------------------------
 010202c1 02096f72 61636c65 6462612c l ...á..oracledba,

BBED> modify /x 00 offset 8149
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 20861            Offsets: 8159 to 8174           Dba:0x0140517d
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 000202c1 02096f72 61636c65 6462612c

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 20877:
current = 0x8a00, required = 0x8a00

BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
BLOCK = 20877

Block Checking: DBA = 20992397, Block Type = KTB-managed data block
data header at 0x7cb464
kdbchk: the amount of space used is not equal to block size
        used=46 fsc=0 avsp=8040 dtl=8088 
    ---提示数据块的空间使用不对（dtl-used=kdbhavsp=kdbhtosp）
       8088-46=8042 与 avsp=8040相关2,也就是说我要恢复到8042
     
 (3)改动空间，把空间改动为6a1f,以dtl-used=kdbhavsp为主
  gyj@PROD> select to_char('8042','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

TO_CHAR('8042',
       ---------------
           1f6a
  BBED> modify /x 6a1f  offset 110
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 20877            Offsets:  110 to  125           Dba:0x0140518d
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 6a1f681f 00000200 8a1f801f 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> modify /x 6a1f  offset 112
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5)
 Block: 20877            Offsets:  112 to  127           Dba:0x0140518d
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 6a1f0000 02008a1f 801f0000 00000000

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 5, Block 20877:
current = 0x8a00, required = 0x8a00

BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf
BLOCK = 20877

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1
Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty            : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Blocks Influx           : 0
Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

10、恢复成功（oracledba--->guoyJoe）

gyj@PROD> alter system flush buffer_cache;

System altered.

gyj@PROD> select name,dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) file#,dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) block#,dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid)    row# from guoyJoe_t1 where id=1;

NAME            FILE#     BLOCK#       ROW#
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
guoyJoe             5      20877          0
tom                 5      20877          1

实际上用BBED恢复UPDATE前的值不难，主要是要了解内部原理和块格式
总结例如以下：
 （1）改动行头
 （2）改动事务
 （3）改动空间