git 分支合并冲突

准备新的feature1分支，继续我们的新分支开发

[root@node1 git]# git checkout -b feature1
D    git/LICENSE.txt
Switched to a new branch 'feature1'

修改readme.txt最后一行，改为

Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.

在feature1分支上提交

[root@node1 git]# git commit -m "AND simple"
[feature1 b9dc73f] AND simple
  file changed,  insertion(+),  deletion(-)

切换到master分支

[root@node1 git]# git checkout master
D    git/LICENSE.txt
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by  commit.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)

Git还会自动提示我们当前master分支比远程的master分支要超前1个提交。

在master分支上把readme.txt文件的最后一行改为

Creating a new branch is quick & simple.

提交

[root@node1 git]# git add readme.txt
[root@node1 git]# git commit -m "& simple"
[master 051826e] & simple
  file changed,  insertion(+),  deletion(-)

现在，master分支和feature1分支各自都分别有新的提交，变成了这样

这种情况下，Git无法执行“快速合并”，只能试图把各自的修改合并起来，但这种合并就可能会有冲突，我们试试看

[root@node1 git]# git merge feature1
Auto-merging git/readme.txt
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in git/readme.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

果然冲突了！Git告诉我们，readme.txt文件存在冲突，必须手动解决冲突后再提交。git status也可以告诉我们冲突的文件

[root@node1 git]# git status
# On branch master
# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by  commits.
#
# Unmerged paths:
#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
#
#       both modified:      readme.txt
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

我们可以直接查看readme.txt的内容

[root@node1 git]# cat readme.txt
Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
Git has a mutable index called stage.
Git tracks changes of fiels.
My stupid boss still prefers SVN
<<<<<<< HEAD
Creating a new branch is quick & simple.
=======
Creating a new branch is quick ADD simple.
>>>>>>> feature1

Git用<<<<<<<，=======，>>>>>>>标记出不同分支的内容，我们修改如下后保存

Creating a new branch is quick and simple

再提交

[root@node1 git]# git add readme.txt
[root@node1 git]# git commit -m "conflict fixed"
[master 59bc1cb] conflict fixed

现在，master分支和feature1分支变成了下图所示：

带参数的git log也可以看到分支的合并情况

[root@node1 git]# git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit
*   59bc1cb conflict fixed
|\
| * 75a857c AND simple
* | 400b400 & simple
|/
* fec145a branch test
...

最后，删除feature1分支

[root@node1 git]# git branch -d feature1
Deleted branch feature1 (was 75a857c)

工作完成。

小结

当Git无法自动合并分支时，就必须首先解决冲突。解决冲突后，再提交，合并完成。

用git log --graph命令可以看到分支合并图