Linux常用基本命令( rmdir, rm, mv )

1,rmdir，一个很鸡肋的命令，只能删除空目录

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  .txt  a  a2  a3
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ rmdir a
rmdir: failed to remove 'a': Directory not empty
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ mkdir b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  .txt  a  a2  a3  b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ rmdir b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  .txt  a  a2  a3

２，mv: 移动文件或者重命名

把1.txt重命名为11.txt

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  .txt  a  a2  a3
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ mv .txt .txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  .txt  a  a2  a3

把11.txt移动到b目录

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  .txt  a  a2  a3
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ mkdir b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  .txt  a  a2  a3  b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ mv .txt b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  a  a2  a3  b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ tree b
b
└── .txt

-f：如果目标文件存在，不会询问直接覆盖

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  .txt  a  a2  a3  b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls b
.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ mv -f .txt b/.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  a  a2  a3  b

-i: 如果目标文件存在，询问是否覆盖

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  .txt  a  a2  a3  b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls b
.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ mv -i .txt b/.txt
mv: overwrite 'b/11.txt'? n
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  .txt  a  a2  a3  b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ mv -i .txt b/.txt
mv: overwrite 'b/11.txt'? y
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  a  a2  a3  b

-n: 不覆盖已经存在的文件

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  a  a2  a3  b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls b
.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ mv -n .txt b/.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
.txt  a  a2  a3  b

-u: 当文件不存在，或者源文件比目标文件新的时候，才移动

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls -l
total
-rw-rw-r--  ghostwu ghostwu     5月    : .txt
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a2
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a3
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls -l b
total
-rw-rw-r--  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : .txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ mv -u .txt b/.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls -l
total
-rw-rw-r--  ghostwu ghostwu     5月    : .txt
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a2
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a3
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls b
.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls -l b
total
-rw-rw-r--  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : .txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ touch .txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls -l .txt
-rw-rw-r--  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : .txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ mv -u .txt b/.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls -l
total
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a2
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a3
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls -l b
total
-rw-rw-r--  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : .txt

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
a  a2  a3  b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ touch a.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
a  a2  a3  a.txt  b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls -l b
total
-rw-rw-r--  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : .txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ mv a.txt b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls -l
total
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a2
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a3
drwxrwxr-x  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls -l b
total
-rw-rw-r--  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : .txt
-rw-rw-r--  ghostwu ghostwu  5月    : a.txt

rm: 删除文件

-i: 带提示

-f:强制删除

-r:递归删除

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
a  a2  a3  b
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ touch {a..f}.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
a  a2  a3  a.txt  b  b.txt  c.txt  d.txt  e.txt  f.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ rm a.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
a  a2  a3  b  b.txt  c.txt  d.txt  e.txt  f.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ rm -i b.txt
rm: remove regular empty file 'b.txt'? n
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
a  a2  a3  b  b.txt  c.txt  d.txt  e.txt  f.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ rm -i b.txt
rm: remove regular empty file 'b.txt'? y
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
a  a2  a3  b  c.txt  d.txt  e.txt  f.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ rm -f c.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
a  a2  a3  b  d.txt  e.txt  f.txt

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
a3  d.txt  e.txt  f.txt
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ tree a3
a3
├── b
│   ├── .txt
│   ├── .txt
│   ├── .txt
│   ├── .txt
│   └── .txt
├── c
│   ├── .txt
│   ├── .txt
│   ├── .txt
│   ├── .txt
│   └── .txt
└── d
    ├── .txt
    ├── .txt
    ├── .txt
    ├── .txt
    └── .txt

 directories,  files
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ rm -r a3
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/cp$ ls
d.txt  e.txt  f.txt