VMware PowerCLi 使用示例

这几天研究PowerCLI，积累了几个例子，记下来，以便以后或者大家使用。部分例子来着网络，具体出处参考附录

1 获取vm 磁盘 和磁盘对应的datastore的信息

这个例子可以针对一台虚机有多个磁盘，但每个磁盘可能所属datastore不同，所以需要列出来查看

Get-VM | %{
    $_.HardDisks | Select @{N="VM";E={$_.Parent.Name}},
        Name,
        @{N="DS";E={$_.Filename.Split(']')[0].TrimStart('[')}}
}

如果分着取的话也可以直接转换为

$targetVM = Get-VM -Name "vmname"
$disks = Get-HardDisk $targetVM
$diskDatastore = $disks.Filename.Split(']')[0].TrimStart('[')

2 获取vm,cpu,memory,guest,vmdk,datastore信息，并保存为HTML文档，这里主要是HTML文档生成的语法

$a = "<title>$name</title>"
$a = $a +"<style>"
$a = $a + "BODY{background-color:blue;}"
$a = $a + "TABLE{border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: black;border-collapse: collapse;}"
$a = $a + "TH{border-width: 1px;padding: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: black;background-color:thistle}"
$a = $a + "TD{border-width: 1px;padding: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: black;background-color:PaleGoldenrod}"
$a = $a + "</style>"

foreach($cluster in Get-Cluster){
    foreach($rp in Get-ResourcePool -Location $cluster){
        $report = foreach($vm in (Get-VM -Location $rp)){
            Get-HardDisk -VM $vm |
            Select @{N='Cluster';E={$cluster.Name}},
                @{N='ResourcePool';E={$rp.Name}},
                @{N='VM';E={$vm.Name}},
                @{N='HD';E={$_.Name}},
                @{N='Datastore';E={($_.Filename.Split(']')[0]).TrimStart('[')}},
                @{N='Filename';E={($_.Filename.Split(' ')[1]).Split('/')[0]}},
                @{N='VMDK Path';E={$_.Filename}},
                @{N='Format';E={$_.StorageFormat}},
                @{N='Type';E={$_.DiskType}},
                @{N='CapacityGB';E={$_.CapacityGB}}
        }
        $report | ConvertTo-Html -Head $a | Out-File -FilePath "C:\temp\$($cluster.Name)-$($rp.Name)-report.html"
    }
}

样例如下：

Cluster	ResourcePool	VM	HD	Datastore	Filename	VMDK Path	Format	Type	CapacityGB
Cluster2	Resources	BPPM_Oracle	硬盘 1	NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3	BPPM_Oracle	[NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3] BPPM_Oracle/BPPM_Oracle-000001.vmdk	Thin	Flat	100
Cluster2	Resources	rcwin01	硬盘 1	VMRestoreVol	rcwin01	[VMRestoreVol] rcwin01/rcwin01.vmdk	Thin	Flat	100
Cluster2	Resources	install-test	硬盘 1	NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3	install-test	[NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3] install-test/install-test.vmdk	Thin	Flat	50
Cluster2	Resources	10.200.200.188	硬盘 1	NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3	10.200.200.188	[NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3] 10.200.200.188/10.200.200.188.vmdk	Thin	Flat	100
Cluster2	Resources	portal-db-test	硬盘 1	NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3	portal-db-test	[NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3] portal-db-test/portal-db-test.vmdk	Thin	Flat	100

3 根据datastoreid 来获取datastore的名字

这个例子后面get-view -property name 用法比较重要，power-cli有很多根据id来获取name的情况，基本都可以用这个例子来解决，避免直接获取name带来的性能问题

Get-VM -Location "可选-指定datacenter" -Name "可选-指定vm" | % { @{$_.Name=$_.DatastoreIDList | %{(Get-View -Property Name -Id $_).Name}} }

可以举一反三一下，比如根据aa，获取bb的信息

4 这个例子比较有趣，可以设置输出的的格式

下面的例子是通过一条命令，获取Host, Cluster and Datastore Details

具体大家可以看这位的参考Host, Cluster and Datastore Details

Is there any way to use autosize, as the long datastore names trunctes.

Try Autosize

Get-VM (Get-content c:\temp\vms.txt) | Select-Object -Property @{Name='VMName';Expression={$_.Name}},VMHost,@{Name='ClusterName';Expression={$_.VMHost.Parent}}, @{"Name"="Datastore"; expression={($_.DatastoreIDList | %{(Get-View -Property Name -Id $_).Name}) -join ", "}} | FT -AutoSize

Try wrapping?

Get-VM (Get-content c:\temp\vms.txt) | Select-Object -Property @{Name='VMName';Expression={$_.Name}},VMHost,@{Name='ClusterName';Expression={$_.VMHost.Parent}}, @{"Name"="Datastore"; expression={($_.DatastoreIDList | %{(Get-View -Property Name -Id $_).Name}) -join ", "}} | FT -Wrap

If possible, can we use sort-object with VM Names ?

Yep, just pipe to Sort-Object

Get-VM (Get-content c:\temp\vms.txt) | Select-Object -Property @{Name='VMName';Expression={$_.Name}},VMHost,@{Name='ClusterName';Expression={$_.VMHost.Parent}}, @{"Name"="Datastore"; expression={($_.DatastoreIDList | %{(Get-View -Property Name -Id $_).Name}) -join ", "}} | Sort VMName

Also, can we use export-csv to export the out put to excel ?

Yep, Just pipe to Export-CSV

Get-VM (Get-content c:\temp\vms.txt) | Select-Object -Property @{Name='VMName';Expression={$_.Name}},VMHost,@{Name='ClusterName';Expression={$_.VMHost.Parent}}, @{"Name"="Datastore"; expression={($_.DatastoreIDList | %{(Get-View -Property Name -Id $_).Name}) -join ", "}} | Export-CSV -NoTypeInformation C:\temp\VMExport.csv

5 一条命令获取Vmhost及其网络信息

To list all ESX Hosts and their Service console information

Get-VMHost | Get-VMHostNetwork | Select Hostname, ConsoleGateway, DNSAddress -ExpandProperty ConsoleNic | Select Hostname, PortGroupName, IP, SubnetMask, ConsoleGateway, DNSAddress, Devicename

获取的样例如下

HostName	PortGroupName	IP	SubnetMask	ConsoleGateway	DNS Address	DeviceName
esx01	SC	192.168.2.33	255.255.255.0	192.168.2.1	192.168.2.20 192.168.1.20	vswif0
esx01	SC 2	192.168.3.43	255.255.255.0	192.168.2.1	192.168.2.20 192.168.1.20	vswif1
esx02	SC	192.168.1.12	255.255.255.0	192.168.1.254	192.168.1.20	vswif0
esx03	SC	192.168.2.34	255.255.255.0	192.168.2.1	192.168.2.20 192.168.1.20	vswif0
esx03	SC 2	192.168.3.44	255.255.255.0	192.168.2.1	192.168.2.20 192.168.1.20	vswif1

To list all ESX Hosts and their VMotion Enabled Networks :

Get-VMHost | Get-VMHostNetwork | Select Hostname, VMkernelGateway -ExpandProperty VirtualNic | Where {$_.VMotionEnabled} | Select Hostname, PortGroupName, IP, SubnetMask, VMkernelGateway, Devicename

样例如下

HostName	PortGroupName	IP	SubnetMask	VMKernelGateway	DeviceName
esx01	VMkernel	192.168.3.33	255.255.255.0		vmk0
esx02	VMkernel	192.168.3.34	255.255.255.0	192.168.3.1	vmk0

当然标准的获取方式如下，获取了ESX的ip，和vmotionip

Get-VMHost * | Sort Name | Get-View | Select Name,@{N="Address";E={($_.Config.Network.Vnic | ? {$_.Device -eq "vmk0"}).Spec.Ip.IpAddress,($_.Config.Network.Vnic | ? {$_.Device -eq "vmk1"}).Spec.Ip.IpAddress}} )
" " | Out-file  C:\SMinfo\"HostIPandvMotionIP$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd').txt" -append 

6 如何提高查询的速度

有时候，我们可以按照规定，获取这些信息，但如果数据量特别大，脚本运行时间会很长，那如何更快速的减少联表查询，加快速度呢，下面是个好例子，这个涉及到哈希索引，哥就不懂了

Receving cluster name for vms fast.

7 获取vm name 和ip地址

Get-VM | Select Name, @{N="IP Address";E={@($_.guest.IPAddress[0])}}

以上是几个分着的例子，主要都侧重某个方面，实际要做到时候，还要再组合和调试，尤其对于初次接触powershell的人比较麻烦了，下面这个例子是我实际工作中结合别人例子改造的，供参考

8 获取vmname,vmid,ESXHOST,ESXIP,cluster,datastore,下面三个脚本功能差不多，只是速度不同，供参考

################如果不考虑性能的话，下面这个脚本比较简单易懂,但速度慢####################
Connect-VIServer -server 10.200.108.66 -user administrator@vsphere.local -password 密码
Get-VM | Select Name,id, `
@{N="ESXIP";E={Get-VMHost -VM $_| Select ($_.ExtensionData.Config.Network.Vnic | ? {$_.Device -eq "vmk0"}).Spec.Ip.IpAddress}},`
@{N="ESXHOST";E={(Get-VMHost -VM $_).name}}, `
@{N="Cluster";E={Get-Cluster -VM $_}}, `
@{N="Datastore";E={Get-Datastore -VM $_}},`
Time | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation c:\VMInfo\"33Export67VMinfo$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd').csv"
Disconnect-VIServer -server * -force  -Confirm:$false

################考虑性能，尽量使用属性的方式获取，大概比上面节省五分之二的时间############
Connect-VIServer -server 10.200.108.67 -user administrator@vsphere.local -password 密码
Get-VM | Select Name,id, `
@{Name=’ESXIP’;Expression={ &{$script:esx=get-view -Id $_.vmhostid -property name,config};($script:esx.Config.Network.Vnic | where{$_.Device -eq 'vmk0'}).Spec.Ip.IpAddress }},`
vmhost, `
@{Name=’Cluster’;Expression={$_.VMHost.Parent}}, `
@{"Name"="Datastore"; expression={($_.DatastoreIDList | %{(Get-View -Property Name -Id $_).Name}) -join ", "}},`
Time | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation c:\VMInfo\"44Export67VMinfo$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd').csv"
Disconnect-VIServer -server * -force  -Confirm:$false

#############添加了硬盘对应的datastore的信息，因为有些机器不同硬盘所属datastore不同##########

Connect-VIServer -server 10.200.108.67 -user administrator@vsphere.local -password P@ssw0rd
Get-VM | Select Name,id, `
@{Name=’ESXIP’;Expression={ &{$script:esx=get-view -Id $_.vmhostid -property name,config};($script:esx.Config.Network.Vnic | where{$_.Device -eq 'vmk0'}).Spec.Ip.IpAddress }},`
vmhost, `
@{Name=’Cluster’;Expression={$_.VMHost.Parent}}, `
@{N="Storage";E={(Get-HardDisk -VM $_ |Select @{N='HD';E={$_.Name}},@{N='Datastore';E={`
 ($_.Filename.Split(']')[0]).TrimStart('[')}}) -replace "@{HD=","" -replace "; Datastore","" -replace "}","" -replace "{","" `
 }},`
 Time | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation -encoding utf8 c:\VMInfo\"Export67VMinfo$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd').csv"
Disconnect-VIServer -server * -force  -Confirm:$false

##################如果想限定vm的范围，可以使用csv文件限定，减少查询#################
Connect-VIServer -server 10.200.108.67 -user administrator@vsphere.local -password 密码
$vmname = Import-csv "C:\VMInfo\vmhosts.csv" 

$vmname | %{Get-VM $_.name| Select Name,id, `
@{Name=’ESXIP’;Expression={ &{$script:esx=get-view -Id $_.vmhostid -property name,config};($script:esx.Config.Network.Vnic | where{$_.Device -eq 'vmk0'}).Spec.Ip.IpAddress }},`
vmhost, `
@{Name=’Cluster’;Expression={$_.VMHost.Parent}}, `
<#@{N="Storage";E={(Get-HardDisk -VM $_ |Select @{N='HD';E={$_.Name}},@{N='Datastore';E={($_.Filename.Split(']')[0]).TrimStart('[')}}) -replace "@{HD=","" `
-replace "; Datastore","" -replace "}","" -replace "{","" `
 }},`#>
 @{"Name"="Datastore"; expression={($_.DatastoreIDList |
%{(Get-View -Property Name -Id $_).Name}) -join ", "}},`
 Time }| Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation -encoding utf8 c:\VMInfo\"Export67VMinfo$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd').csv"
Disconnect-VIServer -server * -force  -Confirm:$false
###########升级版，添加了过滤条件和ip的分隔符#########
Connect-VIServer -server 10.200.108.67 -user administrator@vsphere.local -password P@ssw0rd
Get-VM |where{$_.PowerState -eq “PoweredOn”}| Select NAME, @{Name=’VMIP’;Expression={($_.Guest.IPAddress) -join ";"}},ID,`
@{Name=’VMUUID’;Expression={$_.ExtensionData.config.uuid}}, `
@{Name=’ESXIP’;Expression={ &{$script:esx=get-view -Id $_.vmhostid -property name,config};($script:esx.Config.Network.Vnic | where{$_.Device -eq 'vmk0'}).Spec.Ip.IpAddress }},`
vmhost, `
@{Name=’Cluster’;Expression={$_.VMHost.Parent}}, `
@{"Name"="Datastore"; expression={($_.DatastoreIDList | %{(Get-View -Property Name -Id $_).Name}) -join ";"}}
 | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation -encoding utf8 c:\VMInfo\"Export67VMinfo$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd').csv"
Disconnect-VIServer -server * -force  -Confirm:$false

csv文件样例如下:

Name	Id	ESXIP	VMHost	Cluster	Storage	Time
install-test	VirtualMachine-vm-868	esx.vsphere.com.1	10.200.236.15	Cluster2	硬盘 1=NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3
clm-db-3	VirtualMachine-vm-735	esx.vsphere.com.2	10.200.236.16	Cluster2	硬盘 1=NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3 硬盘 2=NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3
test-225.4	VirtualMachine-vm-720	esx.vsphere.com.3	10.200.236.17	Cluster2	硬盘 1=NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3
cloudexpress	VirtualMachine-vm-1887	esx.vsphere.com.4	10.200.236.18	Cluster2	硬盘 1=NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3 硬盘 2=NFS_Storage_OS_VOL3

9 获取ESX IP 的两种方法，一定要注意以下格式，当你通过get-vm获取其他属性信息时，下面的格式可供参考

#方法一比较慢
Get-VM | Select @{N="ESXip慢";E={((Get-VMHost -VM $_).ExtensionData.Config.Network.Vnic | ? {$_.Device -eq "vmk0"}).Spec.Ip.IpAddress}}
#方法二比较快
Get-VM | Select @{Name=’ESXIP’;Expression={ &{$script:esx=get-view -Id $_.vmhostid -property name,config};($script:esx.Config.Network.Vnic | where{$_.Device -eq 'vmk0'}).Spec.Ip.IpAddress }}

 10 如果想看语句执行到底耗时多久,进行统计等,可以使用如下命令

#统计耗时示例
vSphere PowerCLI> Measure-Command {get-vm}

Days              : 0
Hours             : 0
Minutes           : 0
Seconds           : 1
Milliseconds      : 14
Ticks             : 10142444
TotalDays         : 1.17389398148148E-05
TotalHours        : 0.000281734555555556
TotalMinutes      : 0.0169040733333333
TotalSeconds      : 1.0142444
TotalMilliseconds : 1014.2444

#统计耗时示例一
vSphere PowerCLI> (Measure-Command {get-vm}).totalseconds
0.6503594

#统计执行耗时示例二
measure-command {foreach ($vm in $vms){ $vm | select name, @{n=’CLname’;e={$HostToClusterHash[$vmsToHostHash[$($vm.name)]]}} } }

#统计vm总数量
vSphere PowerCLI> (get-vm).count
78

11 使用数学计算

下面是四舍五入的 round函数使用

get-vm | Select-Object Name, MemoryGB, NumCpu, @{ n="DiskUsedGB"; e={[math]::round( $_.UsedSpaceGB )}}

参考：

find datastore from HardDisk

Power-Cli  shows resource pools including VM,s CPU, Memory, Guest, DS, VMDK files in one HTML report

Powershell Get VM Datastore Location PowerCLI

Host, Cluster and Datastore Details

Receving cluster name for vms fast

powercli one liner to get vms clusters esx hosts and datastores这个我参考最多了