CentOS升级Python2.7导致使用pip等命令安装模块失败
报错如下：
# pip
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pip", line , in <module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
ImportError: No module named pkg_resources
出现这个问题是因为：虽然已经把Python升级到了2.7版本，但是pip仍然是原来的版本，仍在原来python的site-package里面
CentOS6.8环境下，默认是python2.6.6，site-package在
# /usr/lib/python2./site-packages/
很多模块都被安装在这里。直接输入pip，还是使用的原来的pip。所以我们的思路是：应该在新的Python中安装pip，这样才不会报错。
遇到此问题的人很多，网上博客都是互相抄，没有真正解决问题的。有一国外网站给出了解决方案：
# wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-3.5.1.zip
# unzip setuptools-3.5..zip
# /usr/local/bin/pyton2. distribute_setup.py
使用新版本的python来运行这个脚本，这个会自动安装出来一个easy_install，然后使用这个新的easy_install来安装pip就可以了！
# /usr/local/bin/easy_install pip
# /usr/local/bin/pip -V
pip 9.0. from /usr/local/lib/python2./site-packages/pip-9.0.-py2..egg (python 2.7)
安装生成的所有二进制文件，都是在你的PYTHON_HOME/bin/，因为我的是安装在/usr/local/python/，所以命令都在这里，以后再调用pip要使用绝对路径，或者做链接！
2.7的模块是在以下目录
# /usr/local/lib/python2./site-packages
附：脚本的原文
#!python
"""Bootstrap distribute installation If you want to use setuptools in your package's setup.py, just include this
file in the same directory with it, and add this to the top of your setup.py:: from distribute_setup import use_setuptools
use_setuptools() If you want to require a specific version of setuptools, set a download
mirror, or use an alternate download directory, you can do so by supplying
the appropriate options to ``use_setuptools()``. This file can also be run as a script to install or upgrade setuptools.
"""
import os
import shutil
import sys
import time
import fnmatch
import tempfile
import tarfile
import optparse from distutils import log try:
from site import USER_SITE
except ImportError:
USER_SITE = None try:
import subprocess def _python_cmd(*args):
args = (sys.executable,) + args
return subprocess.call(args) == 0 except ImportError:
# will be used for python 2.3
def _python_cmd(*args):
args = (sys.executable,) + args
# quoting arguments if windows
if sys.platform == 'win32':
def quote(arg):
if ' ' in arg:
return '"%s"' % arg
return arg
args = [quote(arg) for arg in args]
return os.spawnl(os.P_WAIT, sys.executable, *args) == 0 DEFAULT_VERSION = "0.6.49"
DEFAULT_URL = "http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/"
SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION = "0.6c11" SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO = """\
Metadata-Version: 1.0
Name: setuptools
Version: %s
Summary: xxxx
Home-page: xxx
Author: xxx
Author-email: xxx
License: xxx
Description: xxx
""" % SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION def _install(tarball, install_args=()):
# extracting the tarball
tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
old_wd = os.getcwd()
try:
os.chdir(tmpdir)
tar = tarfile.open(tarball)
_extractall(tar)
tar.close() # going in the directory
subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
os.chdir(subdir)
log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir) # installing
log.warn('Installing Distribute')
if not _python_cmd('setup.py', 'install', *install_args):
log.warn('Something went wrong during the installation.')
log.warn('See the error message above.')
# exitcode will be 2
return 2
finally:
os.chdir(old_wd)
shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) def _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir):
# extracting the tarball
tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
old_wd = os.getcwd()
try:
os.chdir(tmpdir)
tar = tarfile.open(tarball)
_extractall(tar)
tar.close() # going in the directory
subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
os.chdir(subdir)
log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir) # building an egg
log.warn('Building a Distribute egg in %s', to_dir)
_python_cmd('setup.py', '-q', 'bdist_egg', '--dist-dir', to_dir) finally:
os.chdir(old_wd)
shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
# returning the result
log.warn(egg)
if not os.path.exists(egg):
raise IOError('Could not build the egg.') def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay):
egg = os.path.join(to_dir, 'distribute-%s-py%d.%d.egg'
% (version, sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1]))
if not os.path.exists(egg):
tarball = download_setuptools(version, download_base,
to_dir, download_delay)
_build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir)
sys.path.insert(0, egg)
import setuptools
setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg def use_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
to_dir=os.curdir, download_delay=15, no_fake=True):
# making sure we use the absolute path
to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
was_imported = 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules or \
'setuptools' in sys.modules
try:
try:
import pkg_resources # Setuptools 0.7b and later is a suitable (and preferable)
# substitute for any Distribute version.
try:
pkg_resources.require("setuptools>=0.7b")
return
except (pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound,
pkg_resources.VersionConflict):
pass if not hasattr(pkg_resources, '_distribute'):
if not no_fake:
_fake_setuptools()
raise ImportError
except ImportError:
return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)
try:
pkg_resources.require("distribute>=" + version)
return
except pkg_resources.VersionConflict:
e = sys.exc_info()[1]
if was_imported:
sys.stderr.write(
"The required version of distribute (>=%s) is not available,\n"
"and can't be installed while this script is running. Please\n"
"install a more recent version first, using\n"
"'easy_install -U distribute'."
"\n\n(Currently using %r)\n" % (version, e.args[0]))
sys.exit(2)
else:
del pkg_resources, sys.modules['pkg_resources'] # reload ok
return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir,
download_delay)
except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir,
download_delay)
finally:
if not no_fake:
_create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(to_dir) def download_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
to_dir=os.curdir, delay=15):
"""Download distribute from a specified location and return its filename `version` should be a valid distribute version number that is available
as an egg for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end
with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded.
`delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download
attempt.
"""
# making sure we use the absolute path
to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
try:
from urllib.request import urlopen
except ImportError:
from urllib2 import urlopen
tgz_name = "distribute-%s.tar.gz" % version
url = download_base + tgz_name
saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, tgz_name)
src = dst = None
if not os.path.exists(saveto): # Avoid repeated downloads
try:
log.warn("Downloading %s", url)
src = urlopen(url)
# Read/write all in one block, so we don't create a corrupt file
# if the download is interrupted.
data = src.read()
dst = open(saveto, "wb")
dst.write(data)
finally:
if src:
src.close()
if dst:
dst.close()
return os.path.realpath(saveto) def _no_sandbox(function):
def __no_sandbox(*args, **kw):
try:
from setuptools.sandbox import DirectorySandbox
if not hasattr(DirectorySandbox, '_old'):
def violation(*args):
pass
DirectorySandbox._old = DirectorySandbox._violation
DirectorySandbox._violation = violation
patched = True
else:
patched = False
except ImportError:
patched = False try:
return function(*args, **kw)
finally:
if patched:
DirectorySandbox._violation = DirectorySandbox._old
del DirectorySandbox._old return __no_sandbox def _patch_file(path, content):
"""Will backup the file then patch it"""
f = open(path)
existing_content = f.read()
f.close()
if existing_content == content:
# already patched
log.warn('Already patched.')
return False
log.warn('Patching...')
_rename_path(path)
f = open(path, 'w')
try:
f.write(content)
finally:
f.close()
return True _patch_file = _no_sandbox(_patch_file) def _same_content(path, content):
f = open(path)
existing_content = f.read()
f.close()
return existing_content == content def _rename_path(path):
new_name = path + '.OLD.%s' % time.time()
log.warn('Renaming %s to %s', path, new_name)
os.rename(path, new_name)
return new_name def _remove_flat_installation(placeholder):
if not os.path.isdir(placeholder):
log.warn('Unkown installation at %s', placeholder)
return False
found = False
for file in os.listdir(placeholder):
if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, 'setuptools*.egg-info'):
found = True
break
if not found:
log.warn('Could not locate setuptools*.egg-info')
return log.warn('Moving elements out of the way...')
pkg_info = os.path.join(placeholder, file)
if os.path.isdir(pkg_info):
patched = _patch_egg_dir(pkg_info)
else:
patched = _patch_file(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO) if not patched:
log.warn('%s already patched.', pkg_info)
return False
# now let's move the files out of the way
for element in ('setuptools', 'pkg_resources.py', 'site.py'):
element = os.path.join(placeholder, element)
if os.path.exists(element):
_rename_path(element)
else:
log.warn('Could not find the %s element of the '
'Setuptools distribution', element)
return True _remove_flat_installation = _no_sandbox(_remove_flat_installation) def _after_install(dist):
log.warn('After install bootstrap.')
placeholder = dist.get_command_obj('install').install_purelib
_create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(placeholder) def _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(placeholder):
if not placeholder or not os.path.exists(placeholder):
log.warn('Could not find the install location')
return
pyver = '%s.%s' % (sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1])
setuptools_file = 'setuptools-%s-py%s.egg-info' % \
(SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION, pyver)
pkg_info = os.path.join(placeholder, setuptools_file)
if os.path.exists(pkg_info):
log.warn('%s already exists', pkg_info)
return log.warn('Creating %s', pkg_info)
try:
f = open(pkg_info, 'w')
except EnvironmentError:
log.warn("Don't have permissions to write %s, skipping", pkg_info)
return
try:
f.write(SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)
finally:
f.close() pth_file = os.path.join(placeholder, 'setuptools.pth')
log.warn('Creating %s', pth_file)
f = open(pth_file, 'w')
try:
f.write(os.path.join(os.curdir, setuptools_file))
finally:
f.close() _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info = _no_sandbox(
_create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info
) def _patch_egg_dir(path):
# let's check if it's already patched
pkg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
if os.path.exists(pkg_info):
if _same_content(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO):
log.warn('%s already patched.', pkg_info)
return False
_rename_path(path)
os.mkdir(path)
os.mkdir(os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO'))
pkg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
f = open(pkg_info, 'w')
try:
f.write(SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)
finally:
f.close()
return True _patch_egg_dir = _no_sandbox(_patch_egg_dir) def _before_install():
log.warn('Before install bootstrap.')
_fake_setuptools() def _under_prefix(location):
if 'install' not in sys.argv:
return True
args = sys.argv[sys.argv.index('install') + 1:]
for index, arg in enumerate(args):
for option in ('--root', '--prefix'):
if arg.startswith('%s=' % option):
top_dir = arg.split('root=')[-1]
return location.startswith(top_dir)
elif arg == option:
if len(args) > index:
top_dir = args[index + 1]
return location.startswith(top_dir)
if arg == '--user' and USER_SITE is not None:
return location.startswith(USER_SITE)
return True def _fake_setuptools():
log.warn('Scanning installed packages')
try:
import pkg_resources
except ImportError:
# we're cool
log.warn('Setuptools or Distribute does not seem to be installed.')
return
ws = pkg_resources.working_set
try:
setuptools_dist = ws.find(
pkg_resources.Requirement.parse('setuptools', replacement=False)
)
except TypeError:
# old distribute API
setuptools_dist = ws.find(
pkg_resources.Requirement.parse('setuptools')
) if setuptools_dist is None:
log.warn('No setuptools distribution found')
return
# detecting if it was already faked
setuptools_location = setuptools_dist.location
log.warn('Setuptools installation detected at %s', setuptools_location) # if --root or --preix was provided, and if
# setuptools is not located in them, we don't patch it
if not _under_prefix(setuptools_location):
log.warn('Not patching, --root or --prefix is installing Distribute'
' in another location')
return # let's see if its an egg
if not setuptools_location.endswith('.egg'):
log.warn('Non-egg installation')
res = _remove_flat_installation(setuptools_location)
if not res:
return
else:
log.warn('Egg installation')
pkg_info = os.path.join(setuptools_location, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
if (os.path.exists(pkg_info) and
_same_content(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)):
log.warn('Already patched.')
return
log.warn('Patching...')
# let's create a fake egg replacing setuptools one
res = _patch_egg_dir(setuptools_location)
if not res:
return
log.warn('Patching complete.')
_relaunch() def _relaunch():
log.warn('Relaunching...')
# we have to relaunch the process
# pip marker to avoid a relaunch bug
_cmd1 = ['-c', 'install', '--single-version-externally-managed']
_cmd2 = ['-c', 'install', '--record']
if sys.argv[:3] == _cmd1 or sys.argv[:3] == _cmd2:
sys.argv[0] = 'setup.py'
args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv
sys.exit(subprocess.call(args)) def _extractall(self, path=".", members=None):
"""Extract all members from the archive to the current working
directory and set owner, modification time and permissions on
directories afterwards. `path' specifies a different directory
to extract to. `members' is optional and must be a subset of the
list returned by getmembers().
"""
import copy
import operator
from tarfile import ExtractError
directories = [] if members is None:
members = self for tarinfo in members:
if tarinfo.isdir():
# Extract directories with a safe mode.
directories.append(tarinfo)
tarinfo = copy.copy(tarinfo)
tarinfo.mode = 448 # decimal for oct 0700
self.extract(tarinfo, path) # Reverse sort directories.
if sys.version_info < (2, 4):
def sorter(dir1, dir2):
return cmp(dir1.name, dir2.name)
directories.sort(sorter)
directories.reverse()
else:
directories.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('name'), reverse=True) # Set correct owner, mtime and filemode on directories.
for tarinfo in directories:
dirpath = os.path.join(path, tarinfo.name)
try:
self.chown(tarinfo, dirpath)
self.utime(tarinfo, dirpath)
self.chmod(tarinfo, dirpath)
except ExtractError:
e = sys.exc_info()[1]
if self.errorlevel > 1:
raise
else:
self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e) def _build_install_args(options):
"""
Build the arguments to 'python setup.py install' on the distribute package
"""
install_args = []
if options.user_install:
if sys.version_info < (2, 6):
log.warn("--user requires Python 2.6 or later")
raise SystemExit(1)
install_args.append('--user')
return install_args def _parse_args():
"""
Parse the command line for options
"""
parser = optparse.OptionParser()
parser.add_option(
'--user', dest='user_install', action='store_true', default=False,
help='install in user site package (requires Python 2.6 or later)')
parser.add_option(
'--download-base', dest='download_base', metavar="URL",
default=DEFAULT_URL,
help='alternative URL from where to download the distribute package')
options, args = parser.parse_args()
# positional arguments are ignored
return options def main(version=DEFAULT_VERSION):
"""Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall"""
options = _parse_args()
tarball = download_setuptools(download_base=options.download_base)
return _install(tarball, _build_install_args(options)) if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.exit(main())
此文在作者原文基础上修改整理而成。
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