Django进阶篇【1】

注：本篇是Django进阶篇章，适合人群：有Django基础，关于Django基础篇，将在下一章节中补充！

首先我们一起了解下Django整个请求生命周期：

Django 请求流程，生命周期：

路由部分

代码如下：

myWeb中url.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    #url(r'^user_list/(\d+)/(\d+)$', views.user_list),
    #url(r'^user_list/(?P<v1>(\d+))/(?P<v2>(\d+))$', views.user_list),
    #url(r'^$', views.index),
    url(r'^app01/',include("app01.urls")),

]

app01中views.py

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

def index(request):
	return HttpResponse('index')

def user_list(request,v1,v2):
	print v1,v2
	return HttpResponse(v1+v2)

app01 中url.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/$', views.index),

]

访问方法：

http://127.0.0.1：9001/app01/index

可知：这样定义的好处是，在多个app的场合下可以很好的分离出来！

二、中间件

自定义中间件：

思路分析：

1、获取请求
2、去settings.py MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES 中注册
3、注册好后，Django会自动去setttings里找 MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES
4、遍历注册中的类：
for 类 in MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES:
	obj = 类（）
	if obj里有process_request方法：
		process_request_list.append(obj.process_request)

for i in process_request_list:
	i()
for i in process_view_list:
	i()

views.py 中函数：

for i in process_response_list:
	i()
	...

分析源码截图：

开始自定义中间件，目录结构如下：

middle_ware.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'Allen'

class mid(object):

	def process_request(self,request):
		print "mid.process_request"

	def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
		print "mid.process_view"

	def process_response(self, request, response):
		print "mid.process_response"
		return response

class ddd(object):

	def process_request(self,request):
		print "ddd.process_request"

	def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
		print "ddd.process_view"

	def process_response(self, request, response):
		print "ddd.process_response"
		return response

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

def index(request):
	print "index"
	return HttpResponse('index')

setting.py 进行注册：

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
	  #....
    'middleware.middle_ware.mid',   #注册
    'middleware.middle_ware.ddd',   #注册
]

访问：

http://127.0.0.1：9001/app01/index

执行结果：

mid.process_request
ddd.process_request
mid.process_view
ddd.process_view
index
ddd.process_response
mid.process_response

cookie和session

cookie 就是一段字符串，保存在本地

session 保存在服务器端

操作Cookie

获取cookie：request.COOKIES[key]
设置cookie：response.set_cookie(key,value)

由于cookie保存在客户端的电脑上，所以，jquery也可以操作cookie。

<script src='/static/js/jquery.cookie.js'></script>
$.cookie("list_pager_num", 30,{ path: '/' });

操作Session

获取session：request.session[key]
设置session：reqeust.session[key] = value
删除session：del request[key]

request.session.set_expiry(value)
如果value是个整数，session会在些秒数后失效。
如果value是个datatime或timedelta，session就会在这个时间后失效。
如果value是0,用户关闭浏览器session就会失效。
如果value是None,session会依赖全局session失效策略。

session 设置失效时间：

setting.py
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1209600 (默认是这么多秒)
我们可以设置1分钟，或者更小，如10秒
SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE 设置false （只要浏览器关闭，session自动过期）

示例如下：

views.py

def login(request):
	print request.method
	if request.method == "POST":
		user = request.POST.get('user')
		pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
		if user == "test" and pwd == '123':
			request.session['login'] = True
			return redirect('/app01/data/')
	return render(request,'login.html')

def data(request):
	is_login = request.session.get('login',False)
	if is_login:
		return HttpResponse('login success!')
	else:
		return redirect('/app01/login/')

app01下的urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^data/', views.data),
    url(r'^login/', views.login),

]

setting.py

注释下面的内容：
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    #'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', #需要注释，否则报错
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    #'middleware.middle_ware.mid', #这里是上面的项目，为了效果，我们注释下面两行
    #'middleware.middle_ware.ddd',
]

访问：http://127.0.0.1:9001/app01/login/ 用户名和密码分别为：test 123

Django下Form表单

django中的Form一般有两种功能：

1、输入html

2、验证用户输入

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import re
from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

def mobile_validate(value):
    mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
    if not mobile_re.match(value):
        raise ValidationError('手机号码格式错误')

class PublishForm(forms.Form):

    user_type_choice = (
        (0, u'普通用户'),
        (1, u'高级用户'),
    )

    user_type = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.widgets.Select(choices=user_type_choice,
                                                                  attrs={'class': "form-control"}))

    title = forms.CharField(max_length=20,
                            min_length=5,
                            error_messages={'required': u'标题不能为空',
                                            'min_length': u'标题最少为5个字符',
                                            'max_length': u'标题最多为20个字符'},
                            widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
                                                          'placeholder': u'标题5-20个字符'}))

    memo = forms.CharField(required=False,
                           max_length=256,
                           widget=forms.widgets.Textarea(attrs={'class': "form-control no-radius", 'placeholder': u'详细描述', 'rows': 3}))

    phone = forms.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
                            error_messages={'required': u'手机不能为空'},
                            widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
                                                          'placeholder': u'手机号码'}))

    email = forms.EmailField(required=False,
                            error_messages={'required': u'邮箱不能为空','invalid': u'邮箱格式错误'},
                            widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'邮箱'}))

示例如下：

app01中的urls.py

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/app01/user_list/" method="post">
        <p>用户：{{ obj.user }}<span>{{ errors.user }}</span></p>
        <p>性别：{{ obj.sex }}<span>{{ errors.sex }}</span></p>
        <p>邮箱：{{ obj.email }}<span>{{ errors.email }}</span></p>
        <p>手机{{ obj.mobile }}<span>{{ errors.mobile }}</span></p>
        <input type="submit" value="submit"/>
    </form>

</body>
</html>

views.py

from django import forms

class UserInfo(forms.Form):
	user = forms.CharField()
	sex = forms.CharField()
	mobile = forms.EmailField()
	email = forms.EmailField()

def user_list(request):
	obj = UserInfo()
	if request.method == "POST":
		user_input_obj = UserInfo(request.POST)
		if user_input_obj.is_valid():
			data = user_input_obj.clean()  #获取用户输入的所有内容
			print data
		else:
			error_msg = user_input_obj.errors
			return render(request,'user_list.html',{'obj':user_input_obj,'errors':error_msg})
	return render(request,'user_list.html',{'obj':obj})

templates中的user_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/app01/user_list/" method="post">
        <p>用户：{{ obj.user }}<span>{{ errors.user }}</span></p>
        <p>性别：{{ obj.sex }}<span>{{ errors.sex }}</span></p>
        <p>邮箱：{{ obj.email }}<span>{{ errors.email }}</span></p>
        <p>手机{{ obj.mobile }}<span>{{ errors.mobile }}</span></p>
        <input type="submit" value="submit"/>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

访问：http://127.0.0.1:9001/app01/user_list/

结果截图：from_1.png

提交结果截图2：from_2.png

提交结果截图如下：

ajax

(WUSIR)

function AjaxSubmitSet(){
            var array_users= [
                {'username': 'alex', 'age': 18},
                {'username': 'rain', 'age': 16},
                {'username': 'eric', 'age': 17}
            ];
            $.ajax({
                url: "/ajax_data_set/",
                type: 'POST',
                tradition: true,
                data: {data: JSON.stringify(array_users)},
                success: function(arg){
                    // json.loads
                    var callback_dict = $.parseJSON(arg);
                    if(callback_dict.status){
                        alert('成功');
                    }else{
                        alert(callback_dict.error);
                    }
                }
            });
        }

import json
def ajax_data_set(request):
    ret = {'status': True, 'error':""}
    try:

        print request.POS
    except Exception,e:
        ret['status'] = False
        ret['error'] = str(e)

    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))

更多链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5246483.html