django 部署，gunicorn、virtualenv、nginx

声明：

1、本篇文章是我边写命令边写的，请尊重我的劳动成果，转载请加上链接。

2、我既然公开写出来，是希望大家遇到问题的时候有个参考，所以，大家可以免费转载，使用该文章

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使用gunicorn 来部署django

django写代码简单，但部署是个难题，今天终于发现gunicorn 这个好东西，与大家一起分享。

环境：ubuntu 14.04 64bit + django 1.6.5 + virtualenv + gunicorn

一、创建虚拟环境

root@recall:/home/www# pwd
/home/www

root@recall:/home/www# virtualenv bugenv

New python executable in bugenv/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip...done.

root@recall:/home/www# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 21 15:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 21 12:34 ../
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jul 21 15:05 bugenv/
....................................(这一行是私人数据，这里不影响，所以不显示了)

二、进入虚拟环境

root@recall:/home/www# cd bugenv/
root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# source bin/activate
(bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv#

三、下载django和gunicorn
pip install django==1.6.5
pip install gunicorn

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# pip install django==1.6.5
 Downloading/unpacking django==1.6.5
   Downloading Django-1.6.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.7MB): 6.7MB downloaded
 Installing collected packages: django
 Successfully installed django
 Cleaning up...
 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# pip install gunicorn
 Downloading/unpacking gunicorn
   Downloading gunicorn-19.0.0.tar.gz (382kB): 382kB downloaded
   Running setup.py (path:/home/www/bugenv/build/gunicorn/setup.py) egg_info for package gunicorn

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'docs'
     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'docs'
     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'tests'
     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'tests'
     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'examples'
     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'examples'
 Installing collected packages: gunicorn
   Running setup.py install for gunicorn

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'docs'
     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'docs'
     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'tests'
     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'tests'
     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'examples'
     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'examples'
       File "/home/www/bugenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/gaiohttp.py", line 67
         yield from self.wsgi.close()
                  ^
     SyntaxError: invalid syntax

     Installing gunicorn_paster script to /home/www/bugenv/bin
     Installing gunicorn script to /home/www/bugenv/bin
     Installing gunicorn_django script to /home/www/bugenv/bin
 Successfully installed gunicorn
 Cleaning up...
 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# 

下载django和gunicorn

四、创建django项目和django app

django-admin.py startproject bugproject
python manages.py startapp bugapp

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# ls
 bin include lib local
 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# mkdir djcode
 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# cd djcode/
 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode# django-admin.py startproject bugproject
 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode# cd bugproject/
 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# python manage.py startapp bugapp

五、设置django 的settings.py文件
添加app，最后结果如下：

 INSTALLED_APPS = (
     'django.contrib.admin',
     'django.contrib.auth',
     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
     'django.contrib.sessions',
     'django.contrib.messages',
     'django.contrib.staticfiles',
     # add app
     'bugapp',
     'gunicorn',
 )

六、运行gunicorn

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# pwd
 /home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject
 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# gunicorn bugproject.wsgi:application -b 127.0.0.1:1010

如果没有问题，程序就挂起了。
如果你要操作其它东西，你最好使用nohup或screen

七、测试

7.1 我这里用的是nohup运行的(也就是说，上面六的最后一行命令变成了下面这一行)

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# nohup gunicorn bugproject.wsgi:application -b 127.0.0.1:1010&

然后用tail查看nohup.out，没有任何信息就对了

7.2 查看端口

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# netstat -lpnt
 Active Internet connections (only servers)
 Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      772/nginx
 tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:1010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9842/python
 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:******          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      8387/python
 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:*****           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      689/python
 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:****            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1013/python  

我们使用的1010端口已经被占用了

7.3 使用curl 进行测试
root@recall:~# curl 127.0.0.1:1010
结果如下：

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en"><head>
   <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
   <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE"><title>Welcome to Django</title>
   <style type="text/css">
     html * { padding:0; margin:0; }
     body * { padding:10px 20px; }
     body * * { padding:0; }
     body { font:small sans-serif; }
     body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }
     h1 { font-weight:normal; }
     h2 { margin-bottom:.8em; }
     h2 span { font-size:80%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }
     h3 { margin:1em 0 .5em 0; }
     h4 { margin:0 0 .5em 0; font-weight: normal; }
     table { border:1px solid #ccc; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; background:white; }
     tbody td, tbody th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }
     thead th { padding:1px 6px 1px 3px; background:#fefefe; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:11px; border:1px solid #ddd; }
     tbody th { width:12em; text-align:right; color:#666; padding-right:.5em; }
     #summary { background: #e0ebff; }
     #summary h2 { font-weight: normal; color: #666; }
     #explanation { background:#eee; }
     #instructions { background:#f6f6f6; }
     #summary table { border:none; background:transparent; }
   </style>
 </head>

 <body>
 <div id="summary">
   <h1>It worked!</h1>
   <h2>Congratulations on your first Django-powered page.</h2>
 </div>

 <div id="instructions">
   <p>
     Of course, you haven't actually done any work yet.
     Next, start your first app by running <code>python manage.py startapp [appname]</code>.
   </p>
 </div>

 <div id="explanation">
   <p>
     You're seeing this message because you have <code>DEBUG = True</code> in your
     Django settings file and you haven't configured any URLs. Get to work!
   </p>
 </div>
 </body></html>

八、配置nginx
8.1 只有127.0.0.1:1010能访问时不够的，我们还需要配置nginx

root@recall:~# vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf

     server{
         listen 80;
         resolver 8.8.8.8;
         server_name www.xxoo.com;

         location / {
                 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:1010;
                 proxy_set_header Host $host;
                 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
         }
     }

至于静态文件，自己百度、谷歌配置就好了。

8.2 测试配置文件

 root@recall:~# /usr/local/nginx/nginx -t
 nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

8.3 nginx 重新加载配置文件
root@recall:~# /usr/local/nginx/nginx -s reload