linux使用i/o内存访问外设

一。linux中访问外设的方法.
1.IO端口(IO port)
linux系统给外设分配不同的端口号，linux利用端口号来访问设备（驱动） (cpu x86)

cpu访问外设通过端号，访问通过地址

gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/tea/demo2$ cat /proc/ioports
0000-0cf7 : PCI Bus 0000:00
0000-001f : dma1
0020-0021 : pic1
0040-0043 : timer0
0050-0053 : timer1
0060-0060 : keyboard
0064-0064 : keyboard
0070-0071 : rtc0
0080-008f : dma page reg
00a0-00a1 : pic2
00c0-00df : dma2
00f0-00ff : fpu
0170-0177 : 0000:00:07.1
0170-0177 : ata_piix

2.IO内存 (IO mem) ---> ARM/MPIS
cpu访问外设的方法和访问内存方法都是一样，都是根据地址来方问。
外设(GPIO,ADC,WDT)都内存一样，是统一编址。

二。LINUX中IO内存的使用
思想:申请IO内存区-->动态是映射--->使用虚拟地址--> 解除动态映射击--->释放IO内存区。

1.IO内存的申请
struct resource *request_mem_region(resource_size_t start,resource_size_t n,const char *name)
参数值:
start-->资源的内存区的开始地址(物理地址)
n ----->物理内存区的大小
name --->自定义内存区的名字 cat /proc/iomem

返回值:
struct resource * -->申请到的资源
NULL--->申请失败

2.释放IO内存
void release_mem_region(resource_size_t start,resource_size_t n)

例：
struct resource *ledp=request_mem_region（OxE0200280,8,"gpj2_led"）;

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.IO内存的动态映射
void __iomem * ioremap (unsigned long phys_addr, unsigned long size)
参数：
unsigned long phys_addr--》需要映射的物理内存的地址（开始地址）
unsigned long size -->需要映射的物理内存大小
返值:
void __iomem * --->映射后虚拟地址(开始地址)
NULL --->失败

4。IO内存动态映射解除
void iounmap(void *addr)
void *addr--->映射后的虚拟地址

例：
#define OxE0200280 GPJ2CON_PA
unsigned int *GPJ2CON_VA =ioremap(GPJ2CON_PA,8);
unsigned int *GPJ2DAT_VA =GPJ2CON_VA+1；

iounmap(GPJ2CON_VA);

-------------------------------------------------
5.访问虚拟地址的函数(读写)
1.
unsigned int ioread32(void __iomem *addr)

void __iomem *addr--->虚拟地址
unsigned int ---》数据

void iowrite32(u32 b, void __iomem *addr);

例:

unsigned int a=ioread(GPJ2CON_VA);
a &= ;

iowrite32(a,GPJ2CON_VA)

2.
static inline u32 readl(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
static inline void writel(unsigned int b, volatile void __iomem *addr)

3.
static inline u32 __raw_readl(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
static inline void __raw_writel(u32 v, volatile void __iomem *addr)

实例：LED字符设备的驱动模块、

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include<linux/cdev.h>

struct cdev chrdev3;
unsigned int TestMajor=0;
unsigned int TestMinor=0;
#define *** GPJ*CON_PA
#define *** GPJ*DAT_PA
unsigned int *GPJ2CON_VA;
dev_t dev_no;

int testopen(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//LED输出
printk("led init \n");

}
int testclose (struct inode *inode, struct file *file);
{
printk("close");
return 0;

}
ssize_t testwrtie(struct file *, char __user *usr, size_t len, loff_t *off)
{
char buf[12];
copy_from_user(buf,usr,);
buf[12];
//if(buf[]=='1')
// led点明
printk(,buf);

}
ssize_t testread(struct file *, char __user *usr, size_t len, loff_t *);
{
char buf='r';
read_led;
copy_to_user(usr,buf,);
}

struct file_operations fops= --->结构体初始化 .---???????????????
{ .owner=THIS_MODULE,
.open=testopen,
.write=testwrite,
.release=testclose,
}

static int __init test_init(void) //入口函数
{
printk("hello world!\n"); //相当于printf()
int ret;
dev_no =MKDEV(TestMajor,TestMinor)

if(dev_no>0)
{
ret=register_chrdev_region(dev_no, 1,"chrdev_test");//静态注册设备号

}
else //动态申请设备号
{

alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_no,TestMinor, 1,"chrdev_test");

}

if(ret<0)
{
return ret;
}

cdev_init(&chrdev3,&fops);
cdev.owner=THIS_MODULE;
cdev_add(&chrdev3,dev_no,1);

request_mem_region（）;

GPJ2CON_VA =ioremap(GPJ2CON_PA,8);
GPJ2DAT_VA =GPJ2CON_VA+1；

return 0;
}

static void __exit test_exit(void) //出口函数
{
unregister_chrdev_region(dev_no, 1);
cdev_del(&chrdev3);
}

module_init(test_init); //驱动的入口 #insmod *.ko
module_exit(test_exit); //驱动的出口 #rmmod *.ko

//#modinfo *.ko 可以查看module的信息
MODULE_AUTHOR("fbx@GEC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("the first module of drivers");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_VERSION("V1.0");

 #include<linux/module.h>
 #include<linux/kernel.h>
 #include<linux/cdev.h>
 #include<linux/fs.h>
 #include<linux/kdev_t.h>
 #include<linux/types.h>
 #include<linux/uaccess.h>
 #include<linux/string.h>
 #include<linux/ioport.h>
 #include<asm/io.h>

 #define  GPJ2CON_PA 0xe0200280
 #define  GPJ2DAT_PA 0xe0200280
 unsigned int *GPJ2CON_VA;
 unsigned int *GPJ2DAT_VA;
 struct cdev chrdev;
 struct resource *res;
 unsigned int TestMajor=;
 unsigned int TestMinor=;
 dev_t dev_no;
 int ret;

 int testopen(struct inode *inode,struct file *file)
 {
     unsigned int a = ioread32(GPJ2CON_VA);
     a |= 0x1111;
     iowrite32(a,GPJ2CON_VA);
     printk("cdev init\n");
     return ;

 }
 ssize_t testwrite(struct file *file, const char __user *usr, size_t len, loff_t *off)
 {
     unsigned int a;

     copy_from_user(&a,usr,len);
     iowrite32(a,GPJ2DAT_VA);

 }
 ssize_t testread(struct file *file, char __user *usr, size_t len, loff_t *off)
 {
     unsigned int a = ioread32(GPJ2DAT_VA);
     copy_to_user(usr,&a,len);

 }
 int testrelease(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
     printk("close\n");
     return ;

 }

 struct file_operations fops=
 {
     .owner=THIS_MODULE,
     .open = testopen,
     .write = testwrite,
     .read = testread,
     .release = testrelease,
 };
 static int __init test_init(void)
 {
     dev_no = MKDEV(TestMajor,TestMinor);
     if(dev_no>)
     {
         ret = register_chrdev_region(dev_no,,"chrdev_test");
     }
     else
     {
         alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_no,,,"chrdev_test");
     }
     if(ret<)
     {
         return ret;
     }
     cdev_init(&chrdev,&fops);
     chrdev.owner=THIS_MODULE;
     cdev_add(&chrdev,dev_no,);
     res = request_mem_region(GPJ2CON_PA,,"gpj2_led");
     GPJ2CON_VA = ioremap(GPJ2CON_PA,);
     GPJ2DAT_VA = GPJ2CON_VA + ;
     return ;
 }

 static int __exit test_exit(void)
 {
     unregister_chrdev_region(dev_no,);
     cdev_del(&chrdev);
     iounmap(GPJ2CON_VA);
     release_mem_region(GPJ2CON_PA,);
     return ;
 }

 module_init(test_init);
 module_exit(test_exit);

 MODULE_AUTHOR("FENG");
 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("the first module of char drivers");
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 MODULE_VERSION("V1.0");

test.c 使一盏led循环点灭

 #include<stdio.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>

 int main()
 {
 unsigned int ledconfig;
 char buf1[];
 int fd = open("/dev/chrdev_test",O_RDWR);
 if(fd<)
 perror("open() error!\n");
 bzero(buf1,);
 while()
 {
 read(fd,&ledconfig,);
 ledconfig ^=0x1;
 write(fd,&ledconfig,);
 sleep();
 }
 }