Django REST framework之版本，解释器，序列化

1 版本

通过？后面传版本号有两种方法：

方法一

from django.shortcuts import render

from rest_framework.views import  APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from  rest_framework.authentication import BasicAuthentication

from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning,URLPathVersioning,HostNameVersioning

from rest_framework.renderers import BrowsableAPIRenderer,JSONRenderer

# Create your views here.

class UserView(APIView):

    #版本号通过？后面传参数

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        print('',request.version)

        version=request.query_params.get('version')

        if version=="v1":

            ret={

                "name":"Frank"

            }

        elif version=="v2":

            ret={

                "name":"Tom"

            }

        else:

            ret='错误信息'

        return  Response(ret)

方法二：

versioning_class = QueryParameterVersioning#用这个的话，可以使用request.version来获取值

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        print('', request.version)

        if request.version == "v1":

            ret = {

                "name": "Frank5555"

            }

        elif request.version == "v2":

            ret = {

                "name": "Tom"

            }

        else:

            ret = '错误信息'

        return Response(ret)

把url放在里面：

 #版本号放在URL里面

    # versioning_class = URLPathVersioning

    #

    # def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

    #     print('11111', request.version)

    #     from django.urls import reverse

    #     url=reverse(viewname="u",kwargs={"version":'v1'})#django生成的URl需要拼接

    #     # url=request.versioning_scheme.reverse(viewname='u',request=request)#反向生成URl，这个URL不需要拼接。

    #     print(url)

    #     if request.version == "v1":

    #         ret = {

    #             "name": "Frank5555"

    #         }

    #     elif request.version == "v2":

    #         ret = {

    #             "name": "Tom"

    #         }

    #     else:

    #         ret = '错误信息'

    #     return Response(ret)

子域名版本：

  versioning_class=HostNameVersioning

     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        # print('11111', request.version)

        # print('222',request.versioning_scheme)

        if request.version == "v1":

            ret = {

                "name": "Frank5555"

            }

        elif request.version == "v2":

            ret = {

                "name": "Tom"

            }

        else:

            ret = '错误信息'

        return Response(ret)

上面的设置可以看成时在视图里面设置的。

也可以在全局设置：(只能使用一种)

REST_FRAMEWORK = {

                'VERSION_PARAM':'version',

                'DEFAULT_VERSION':'v1',

                'ALLOWED_VERSIONS':['v1','v2'],

                #'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.HostNameVersioning"

                'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning"

            }

2 解释器

文字解释：

请求的数据进行解析：请求体进行解析。表示服务端可以解析的数据格式的种类。

            Content-Type: application/url-encoding.....

            request.body

            request.POST

            Content-Type: application/json.....

            request.body

            request.POST#里面没有数据

        客户端：

            Content-Type: application/json

            '{"name":"alex","age":123}'

        服务端接收：

            读取客户端发送的Content-Type的值 application/json

            parser_classes = [JSONParser,]

            如果客户端的Content-Type的值和 application/json 匹配：JSONParser处理数据

            如果客户端的Content-Type的值和 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 匹配：FormParser处理数据

        配置：

            单视图：

            class UsersView(APIView):

                parser_classes = [JSONParser,]

            全局配置：

                REST_FRAMEWORK = {

                    'VERSION_PARAM':'version',

                    'DEFAULT_VERSION':'v1',

                    'ALLOWED_VERSIONS':['v1','v2'],

                    # 'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.HostNameVersioning"

                    'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning",

                    'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES':[

                        'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser',

                        'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',

                    ]

                }

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

from django.shortcuts import render

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.authentication import  BasicAuthentication

from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning,URLPathVersioning,HostNameVersioning

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser

class UserView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        print('生活如此美好')

        return  Response(">>>>>fuck")

    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        #parser_classes = [JSONParser, ]这是局部的

        #application/json

        print('json',request._request.body)#里面放的时Json数据是b"xxxxx"

        print('json',request._request.POST)#里面没有数据

        print('json',request.data)

        #www-form-url-encode

        print('body',request._request.body)#字节的形式b'k1=v1&k2=v2'

        print('post',request._request.POST)# <QueryDict: {'k1': ['v1'], 'k2': ['v2']}>

        print('encode',request.data)

        print(request.POST)

        return  Response('.......')

3.序列化

rest framework序列化+From验证

序列化：

对象=》字符串序列化

字符串=》对象反序列化

目的：

解决QuerySet序列化问题

用到了路由分发：

"""demo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:

    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/

Examples:

Function views

    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')

Class-based views

    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')

Including another URLconf

    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))

"""

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    # url(r'^app01/(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/', include('app01.urls')),

    url(r'^app01/', include('app01.urls')),

    url(r'^app02/', include('app02.urls')),

    url(r'^app03/', include('app03.urls')),

    url(r'^app05/', include('app05.urls')),

]

每个app里面的路由都是大同小异：

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import  views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^user/', views.UserView.as_view(),name='u'),

]

a.基本操作：

class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):

            name = serializers.CharField()

            pwd = serializers.CharField()

 class UsersView(APIView):

           def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

                self.dispatch

                # 方式一：

                # user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('name','pwd','group__id',"group__title")

                # return Response(user_list)

                # 方式二之多对象

                # user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

                # ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list,many=True)

                # return Response(ser.data)

                # 方式二之单对象

                user = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first()

                ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user, many=False)

                return Response(ser.data)

b.跨表操作：

class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):

                      name = serializers.CharField()

                      pwd = serializers.CharField()

                      group_id = serializers.CharField()

                      xxxx = serializers.CharField(source="group.title")

                      x1 = serializers.CharField(source="group.mu.name")

                class UsersView(APIView):

                    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

                        self.dispatch

                        # 方式一：

                        # user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().values('name','pwd','group__id',"group__title")

                        # return Response(user_list)

                        # 方式二之多对象

                        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

                        ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list,many=True)

                        return Response(ser.data)

c.复杂多对多操作(主要是多对多的显示)

方法一：

from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.views import APIView

from  rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BasicAuthentication
from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning
from  rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.request import Request
from . import models


class MyCharField(serializers.CharField):

    def to_representation(self, value):

        print(value)

        data_list=[]

        for row in value:

            data_list.append(row.name)

        return  data_list

class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):

    name = serializers.CharField()

    pwd = serializers.CharField()

    # group_id=serializers.CharField()

    # xxxx=serializers.CharField(source="group.title")

    # x1=serializers.CharField(source="group.mu.name")

    x2=MyCharField(source="roles.all")#多对多建立方法就是更改显示的方式

class UserView(APIView):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first()

        ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list, many=False)

        return Response(ser.data)

方法二：

class MyCharField(serializers.CharField):

    def to_representation(self, value):

        return  {'id':value.pk,'name':value.name}

class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):

    name = serializers.CharField()

    pwd = serializers.CharField()

    # group_id=serializers.CharField()

    # xxxx=serializers.CharField(source="group.title")

    # x1=serializers.CharField(source="group.mu.name")

    # x2=MyCharField(source="roles.all")#多对多建立方法就是更改显示的方式

    x2=serializers.ListField(child=MyCharField(),source="roles.all")

方法三：(推荐使用这个方法因为可以自己修改和加约束条件)

class UsersSerializer(serializers.Serializer):

    name = serializers.CharField()

    pwd = serializers.CharField()

    # group_id=serializers.CharField()

    # xxxx=serializers.CharField(source="group.title")

    # x1=serializers.CharField(source="group.mu.name")

    # x2=MyCharField(source="roles.all")#多对多建立方法就是更改显示的方式

    # x2=serializers.ListField(child=MyCharField(),source="roles.all")

    x2=serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    def get_x2(self,obj):

        obj.roles.all()

        role_list=obj.roles.filter(id__gt=1)

        data_list=[]

        for row in role_list:

            data_list.append({'pk':row.pk,'name':row.name})

        return  data_list

以上三种都是使用相同的视图：

d.生成Modell时：

class UsersSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model=models.UserInfo

        fields="__all__"

class UserView(APIView):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().all()

        ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True)

        return Response(ser.data)

e.生成Ulr时：

class UsersSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    group=serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='detail')

    class Meta:

        model=models.UserInfo

        # fields="__all__"

        fields=['name','pwd','group']

        depth=1

class UserView(APIView):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

        ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True,context={'request':request})

        return Response(ser.data)

url为

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import  views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^user/', views.UserView.as_view(),name='u'),

    url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='detail'),

    url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='detail'),

    url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='detail'),

]

f生成全局URL时：

class UsersSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model=models.UserInfo

        fields="__all__"

        # fields=['name','pwd','group']

        # depth=1

class UserView(APIView):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

        ser = UsersSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True,context={'request':request})

        return Response(ser.data)

它的url：

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import  views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^user/', views.UserView.as_view(),name='u'),

    # url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='detail'),

    # url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='detail'),

    # url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='detail'),

    url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='userinfo-detail'),

    url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='group-detail'),

    url(r'^xxxx/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.UserView.as_view(),name='role-detail'),

]

数据验证有两种方式：

class PasswordValidator(object):

    def __init__(self,base):

        self.base=base

    def __call__(self, value):

        if value !=self.base:

            message='用户输入的值必须是%s'%self.base

            raise  serializers.ValidationError(message)

    def set_context(self,serializer_field):

        pass

class UserSeializer(serializers.Serializer):

    name=serializers.CharField(min_length=6)

    pwd=serializers.CharField(error_messages={'required':'密码不能为空'},validators=[PasswordValidator('')])

class UserView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        user_list=models.UserInfo.objects.all()

        ser=UserSeializer(instance=user_list,many=True,context={'request':request})

    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        ser=UserSeializer(data=request.data)

        if ser.is_valid():

            print(ser.validated_data)

        else:

            print(ser.errors)

        return  Response('.....')

class PasswordValidator(object):

    def __init__(self,base):

        self.base=base

    def __call__(self, value):

        if value !=self.base:

            message='用户输入的值必须是%s'%self.base

            raise  serializers.ValidationError(message)

    def set_context(self,serializer_field):

        pass

class UserSeializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model=models.UserInfo

        fields="__all__"

        extra_kwargs={

            'name':{'min_length':6},

            'pwd':{'validators':[PasswordValidator(666),]}

        }

class UserView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        user_list=models.UserInfo.objects.all()

        ser=UserSeializer(instance=user_list,many=True,context={'request':request})

    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        ser=UserSeializer(data=request.data)

        if ser.is_valid():

            print(ser.validated_data)

        else:

            print(ser.errors)

        return  Response('.....')

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