ansible(6)--ansible的copy和fetch模块

1. copy模块

功能：从 ansible 服务端主控端复制文件到远程主机；

copy模块的主要参数如下：

参数	说明
src	复制的源文件路径，若源文件为目录，默认进行递归复制，如果路劲以“/”结尾，仅会复制目录下的内容，该目录本身不会复制，如果路径不带“/”，目录本身和目录下的内容会一并复制过去。
dest	目标绝对路径，如果源是文件夹，目标也必须是文件夹，不存在将创建
backup	如果目标主机已经有源文件，会事先备份，防止覆盖
mode	文件复制到远程并设定权限，默认file=644，directory=755
owner	文件复制到远程并设定属主，默认为root
group	文件复制到远程并设定属组，默认为root
content	将目标文件的内容，指定为content所带的字符串

• 示例一：把/data/nginx/html/web01/index.html复制到被控主机/tmp目录下，属主属组为nginx，权限为644：

  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible NginxWebs -m copy -a "src=/data/nginx/html/web01/index.html dest=/tmp owner=nginx group=nginx mode=644"
  192.168.20.22 | CHANGED => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
      },
      "changed": true,
      "checksum": "b346efabe3aa64027fd74cceabfe9548989cea00",
      "dest": "/tmp/index.html",
      "gid": 887,
      "group": "nginx",
      "md5sum": "022cb99565535954e448519329778662",
      "mode": "0644",
      "owner": "nginx",
      "size": 7,
      "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1627787786.2-6672-67801950378810/source",
      "state": "file",
      "uid": 887
  }
  192.168.20.23 | CHANGED => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
      },
      "changed": true,
      "checksum": "b346efabe3aa64027fd74cceabfe9548989cea00",
      "dest": "/tmp/index.html",
      "gid": 887,
      "group": "nginx",
      "md5sum": "022cb99565535954e448519329778662",
      "mode": "0644",
      "owner": "nginx",
      "size": 7,
      "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1627787786.2-6673-128530778543575/source",
      "state": "file",
      "uid": 887
  }
  
  [root@nginx03 ~]# ll /tmp/index.html
  -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx nginx 7 Aug  1 11:16 /tmp/index.html
  

• 示例二：再次复制上例文件，并对原文件备份：

  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible NginxWebs -m copy -a "src=/data/nginx/html/web01/index.html dest=/tmp owner=nginx group=nginx mode=644 backup=yes"
  192.168.20.23 | CHANGED => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
      },
      "backup_file": "/tmp/index.html.6043.2021-08-01@11:20:39~",
      "changed": true,
      "checksum": "f8834b5232582035f785a3dc77a6303e339d1157",
      "dest": "/tmp/index.html",
      "gid": 887,
      "group": "nginx",
      "md5sum": "747df44881df1860170c66321f38ce4c",
      "mode": "0644",
      "owner": "nginx",
      "size": 10,
      "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1627788037.97-6797-37444206141079/source",
      "state": "file",
      "uid": 887
  }
  192.168.20.22 | CHANGED => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
      },
      "backup_file": "/tmp/index.html.7789.2021-08-01@11:20:39~",
      "changed": true,
      "checksum": "f8834b5232582035f785a3dc77a6303e339d1157",
      "dest": "/tmp/index.html",
      "gid": 887,
      "group": "nginx",
      "md5sum": "747df44881df1860170c66321f38ce4c",
      "mode": "0644",
      "owner": "nginx",
      "size": 10,
      "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1627788037.98-6796-83776884129851/source",
      "state": "file",
      "uid": 887
  }
  
  [root@nginx03 ~]# ll /tmp/index.html*
  -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx nginx 10 Aug  1 11:20 /tmp/index.html
  -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx nginx  7 Aug  1 11:16 /tmp/index.html.6043.2021-08-01@11:20:39~   <==备份的原文件
  

• 往远程的主机文件中写入内容，如果文件不存在则创建：

  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible NginxWebs -m copy -a "content="Http_Server\n" dest=/var/www/html/index.html"
  192.168.20.23 | CHANGED => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
      },
      "changed": true,
      "checksum": "50d275e32df9f317f802475b11627144db2f5d3e",
      "dest": "/var/www/html/index.html",
      "gid": 0,
      "group": "root",
      "md5sum": "4ab65dcd3bf954b6e54e9ff439721ae8",
      "mode": "0644",
      "owner": "root",
      "size": 11,
      "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1627788165.69-6855-262538185402060/source",
      "state": "file",
      "uid": 0
  }
  192.168.20.22 | CHANGED => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
      },
      "changed": true,
      "checksum": "50d275e32df9f317f802475b11627144db2f5d3e",
      "dest": "/var/www/html/index.html",
      "gid": 0,
      "group": "root",
      "md5sum": "4ab65dcd3bf954b6e54e9ff439721ae8",
      "mode": "0644",
      "owner": "root",
      "size": 11,
      "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1627788165.71-6854-248696166101546/source",
      "state": "file",
      "uid": 0
  }
  
  [root@nginx03 ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
  Http_Server
  

• 示例四：复制目录到目标主机：

  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible NginxWebs -m copy -a "src=/root/test dest=/root"
  192.168.20.23 | CHANGED => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
      },
      "changed": true,
      "checksum": "feba0582dfea7fc4fd236536b6a1173b19228388",
      "dest": "/root/test/nginx.conf",
      "gid": 0,
      "group": "root",
      "md5sum": "482efd688106eebebda54c12e52ddd01",
      "mode": "0644",
      "owner": "root",
      "size": 3258,
      "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1627788373.43-6930-280408452171512/source",
      "state": "file",
      "uid": 0
  }
  192.168.20.22 | CHANGED => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
      },
      "changed": true,
      "checksum": "feba0582dfea7fc4fd236536b6a1173b19228388",
      "dest": "/root/test/nginx.conf",
      "gid": 0,
      "group": "root",
      "md5sum": "482efd688106eebebda54c12e52ddd01",
      "mode": "0644",
      "owner": "root",
      "size": 3258,
      "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1627788373.42-6929-226478301245663/source",
      "state": "file",
      "uid": 0
  }
  
  [root@nginx03 ~]# ll /root/test/
  total 4
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3258 Aug  1 11:26 nginx.conf
  

2. fetch模块

作用：从客户端取文件（只能是文件,不支持目录）至服务器端的目录里，与copy相反，如果一定要拉取目录，可以先将目录tar，再拉取。

主要参数如下：

参数	说明
src	复制的源文件路径，源文件只能是文件
dest	目标绝对路径

• 示例一：把被控主机的/etc/nginx/nginx/conf配置文件拷贝到本机的/root/nginx目录下：

  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible NginxWebs -m fetch -a 'src=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf dest=/root/nginx'
  192.168.20.22 | CHANGED => {
      "changed": true,
      "checksum": "feba0582dfea7fc4fd236536b6a1173b19228388",
      "dest": "/root/nginx/192.168.20.22/etc/nginx/nginx.conf",
      "md5sum": "482efd688106eebebda54c12e52ddd01",
      "remote_checksum": "feba0582dfea7fc4fd236536b6a1173b19228388",
      "remote_md5sum": null
  }
  192.168.20.23 | CHANGED => {
      "changed": true,
      "checksum": "b9671ff7a350dbf83543ec585e776500d45dccf0",
      "dest": "/root/nginx/192.168.20.23/etc/nginx/nginx.conf",
      "md5sum": "ee4c9a5f234057114b6454055df5f3a5",
      "remote_checksum": "b9671ff7a350dbf83543ec585e776500d45dccf0",
      "remote_md5sum": null
  }
  
  #注意：把远程主机文件拷贝到本机时，会为每个远程主机建立一个文件夹，名称就是该远程主机的ip地址，然后把文件分别放到对应主机的目录下；
  [root@xuzhichao ~]# tree /root/nginx
  /root/nginx
  ├── 192.168.20.22
  │   └── etc
  │       └── nginx
  │           └── nginx.conf
  └── 192.168.20.23
      └── etc
          └── nginx
              └── nginx.conf
  
  6 directories, 2 files
  

• 示例二：拷贝远程主机的目录到本机

  #1.首先需要把远程主机的目录打包，默认打包到远程主机的家目录下（/root）
  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible NginxWebs -m shell -a 'tar jcf log.tar.bzip2 /var/log/nginx/access*'
  [WARNING]: Consider using the unarchive module rather than running 'tar'.  If you need to use command because unarchive is insufficient you can add 'warn:
  false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.
  192.168.20.23 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
  tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
  192.168.20.22 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
  tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
  
  #2.把打包文件取回本机：
  [root@xuzhichao ~]# ansible NginxWebs -m fetch -a 'src=/root/log.tar.bzip2 dest=/root/nginx'
  192.168.20.23 | CHANGED => {
      "changed": true,
      "checksum": "832b6b9863baf60970f0972c749df8a26221ab26",
      "dest": "/root/nginx/192.168.20.23/root/log.tar.bzip2",
      "md5sum": "86c762c3ab6f3253c6b6be1739a95ac8",
      "remote_checksum": "832b6b9863baf60970f0972c749df8a26221ab26",
      "remote_md5sum": null
  }
  192.168.20.22 | CHANGED => {
      "changed": true,
      "checksum": "c66537be74f74e1c03254be3400ce7af4a1fe4bb",
      "dest": "/root/nginx/192.168.20.22/root/log.tar.bzip2",
      "md5sum": "74671b6a38285ae2d576451b3b248f3e",
      "remote_checksum": "c66537be74f74e1c03254be3400ce7af4a1fe4bb",
      "remote_md5sum": null
  }
  
  [root@xuzhichao ~]# tree /root/nginx
  /root/nginx
  ├── 192.168.20.22
  │   ├── etc
  │   │   └── nginx
  │   │       └── nginx.conf
  │   └── root
  │       └── log.tar.bzip2
  └── 192.168.20.23
      ├── etc
      │   └── nginx
      │       └── nginx.conf
      └── root
          └── log.tar.bzip2
  
  8 directories, 4 files