Introduction

  • This paper presents the design of a new Web server architecture called the asymmetric multi-process event-driven (AMPED) architecture, and evaluates the performance of an implementation of this architecture, the Flash Web server.
  • 在这之前,主要存在3种不同的web server architecture
    • The single-process event-driven (SPED) architecture
    • The multi-process (MP) architecture
    • The multi-threaded (MT) architecture

Simplified Request Processing Steps

  • All of these steps involve operations that can potentially block.
    • read data or accept connections from a socket may block if the expected data has not yet arrived from the client.
    • write to a socket may block if the TCP send buffers are full due to limited network capacity.
    • test a file’s validity (using stat()) or open the file (using open()) can block until any necessary disk accesses complete.
    • reading a file (using read()) or accessing

      data from a memory-mapped file region can block while data is read from disk.

3种不同的web server architecture存在的问题

  • The single-process event-driven (SPED) architecture

    • single process of execution.

      • using non-blocking system calls to perform I/O operations(An operation like select or poll).
      • non-blocking read and write operations work as expected on network sockets and pipes, but may actually block when used on disk files.
      • read,write,open and stat operations may still be blocking.
  • The multi-process (MP) architecture

    • each process handles one request.
    • disadvantages
      • each process has its separate address space.
      • cannot share data: separate cache.
      • context switch overhead(上下文切换所带来的开销).
  • The multi-threaded (MT) architecture

    • each thread handles one request.
    • advantages
      • one address space: all threads share one cache.
      • less context switch overhead.
    • OS has to support kernel threads

Asymmetric Multi Process Event Driven

  • Combination of MP and SPED.
  • Use non-blocking calls to perform network and pipe operations.
  • Use helper process to perform blocking disk I/O operations,Helper process can be a separate thread or process.
  • Master and Helper process communicate through IPC
    • Master and Helper mmap() the same request file.
    • Helper process reads file from disk and brings into memory.
    • Helper notifies master that file is ready.
    • Avoid data transfer between processes.

Flash web server

  • Implementation of the AMPED architecture.
  • Uses aggressive caching
    • The helper processes are responsible for performing

      pathname translations and for bringing disk blocks into memory.
    • Response header caching
    • Caching of already mapped files.

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