Oracle rman 各种恢复

--恢复整个数据库
run {
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
restore database;
recover database;
alter database open;
}

--恢复表空间users
run {
sql 'alter tablespace users offline';
restore tablespace users;
recover tablespace users;
sql 'alter tablespace data online';
}

--恢复数据文件
适用所有表空间数据文件
run{
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
restore datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data01.dbf';
recover datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data01.dbf';
alter database open;
}

非system表空间的数据文件，也可以直接在open状态下restore和recover
run {
sql 'alter database datafile 6 offline';
restore datafile 6;
recover datafile 6;
sql 'alter database datafile 6 online';
}

--临时表空间损坏
重新建立一个临时表空间
SQL> create temporary tablespace temp1 
tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test10g/temp101.dbf' size 200M ;

将建好的TEMP1表空间设置为数据库默认的临时表空间
SQL> alter database default temporary tablespace temp1;

DROP掉旧的TEMP的表空间　
SQL> drop tablespace temp including contents and datafiles;

--全部控制文件损坏
run {
shutdown immediate;
startup nomount;
set dbid=1187100180;
restore controlfile from '/u01/backup/20131202_TEST11G_64.bak';
alter database mount;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;
}
打开后对数据库做一次全备份

--spfile损坏
run {
shutdown immediate;
startup nomount;
set dbid=1176041295;
restore spfile from '/u01/backup/20131202_TEST11G_64.bak';
shutdown immediate;
startup;
}

--非当前日志成员损坏
SQL> startup 不报错

SQL> select status,member from v$logfile;
SQL> alter database drop logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redolog3a.log';
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redolog3a.log' to group 1;

--当前日志成员损坏
SQL> startup 不报错
SYS@ test11g> alter database drop logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redo01a.log';
alter database drop logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redo01a.log'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01609: log 1 is the current log for thread 1 - cannot drop members
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redo01.log'
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redo01a.log'

SYS@ test11g> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.

SYS@ test11g> alter database drop logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redo01a.log';
Database altered.

SYS@ test11g> alter database add logfile member '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redo01a.log' to group 1;
Database altered.

--备用
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 1;
alter database clear logfile group 1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00350: log 1 of instance orcl (thread 1) needs to be archived
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redo01a.log'

失败的原因是group 1还没有归档，需要加上"unarchived"参数；
SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;
Database altered. 
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.

--非当前日志组损坏
SQL> startup
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/test11g/test11g/trace/test11g_lgwr_16823.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redolog3a.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redolog3.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 3;
SQL> alter database open;

--当前日志组损坏（CURRENT）
SYS@ test11g> startup
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/test11g/test11g/trace/test11g_ora_20114.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redo01.log'
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redo01a.log'

SYS@ test11g> startup mount
SYS@ test11g>  alter database drop logfile group 1;
 alter database drop logfile group 1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01623: log 1 is current log for instance test11g (thread 1) - cannot drop
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redo01.log'
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/redo01a.log'

SYS@ test11g>  recover database until cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SYS@ test11g>  alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.

做一次rman全备份

--恢复归档日志
RMAN> run
2> {
3> SET ARCHIVELOG DESTINATION TO '/u02/archive';
4> restore archivelog sequence between 65 and 67;
5> }

--不完全恢复(until scn/time/sequence)
mount下
set until time 'MAR 21 2005 06:00:00'
set until scn 1000
set until sequence 9923

RMAN> startup mount;
RMAN> run 
2> {
3>   set until time "to_date('20131129 11:29:05','yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss')";
4>   restore database;
5>   recover database;
6> }
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
做一次rman全备份

或
RMAN> run {
2> restore database from tag=TAG20131209T153042;
3> recover database from tag=TAG20131209T153042;
4> }
做一次rman全备份

如果有rman数据文件备份和控制文件备份，但丢失归档日志，recover的时候会报错
SYS@ test11g> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01194: file 2 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 2: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test11g/sysaux01.dbf'

RMAN> startup nomout;
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/backup/20131209_TEST11G_93.bak';
RMAN> alter database mount;
RMAN> restore database from tag=TAG20131209T153042;

1、如果有部分归档
这个时候我们只能使用丢失的归档日志前的日志进行恢复。
RMAN> recover database until sequence=2 thread=1;
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
或
SYS@ test11g> recover database until cancel using backup controlfile;
先 auto 再 cancel

2、如果没有归档
mount状态下执行：
SYS@ test11g> alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=true scope=spfile;

System altered.

SYS@ test11g> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  301322240 bytes
Fixed Size                  1336092 bytes
Variable Size             251661540 bytes
Database Buffers           41943040 bytes
Redo Buffers                6381568 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open

SYS@ test11g> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SYS@ test11g> alter system reset "_allow_resetlogs_corruption" scope=spfile;

System altered.

SYS@ test11g> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@ test11g> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  301322240 bytes
Fixed Size                  1336092 bytes
Variable Size             251661540 bytes
Database Buffers           41943040 bytes
Redo Buffers                6381568 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.